口译笔记常用符号精品.doc

_4.3.2 口译笔记常用符号在学会了对原语进行逻辑和思维路线再现之后，用适当的符号替换逻辑或者思维再现图中的部分文字，实际上就是口译笔记了，当然在真实的口译实践中，笔记还可以更进一步地简化。相当多的口译初学者觉得口译员使用的符号很神秘，看起来像天书一样，进而“神话”口译员的工作。其实口译员使用的符号主要来自于原语、译入语，小部分借用了速记符号。现在我们看看口译员常用的符号来源：4.3.2.1 汉字、汉字偏旁部首、古汉语、简化汉字、拼音大university, adult, generous, open-minded, large-size中middle school, medium-sized, intermediate, in the middle of, neutral, 小primary (elementary), kid, children, mean, petty,凝聚ningju或者nju饕餮taotie或者ttie“戈”可以用来代替“武器”偏旁部首举例：简化汉字举例：4.3.2.2 英语、英语字母英语单词的缩写规律：保留单词的辅音，去除元音，当然首字母是元音必须保留。一般保留三至五个辅音就可以帮助回忆整个单词，例如：impoverishment: impvrdebility: dbltrejuvenate: rjvndepartment: dptstandard: stdreference: rfr口译学习者还需要记住常用国际组织、专用名词、国家名及其首都名的缩写，例如：UN, UNESCO, NATO, APEC, OPEC, Intellectual property protection: IPPNK, SK, CN, US, UK口译学习者还可以自己开动脑筋，充分发挥自己的创造性和想象力，开发出简介实用的笔记符号，下面以英文大写字母为例，看看如何创造性地在笔记中使用这些大写字母：A: first, top, excellent, extraordinary, outstanding, remarkable, unusualE: eyesight, economy, economic, economical, electronic, EastF: failure, false, wrong, not true, full, flagG: government, GodH: health, help, support, connect, bridge, cross, HourI: I / we, my (our) party, eyeL: long, lengthen, prolongM: money, mail, mother, mountain, movement, McDonald, man, May, Member (ship), mmN: nose, nation, name, nothing, no, negation, deny, need, necessary, NorthO: zero, circle, old, orange, our, one, empty, world, all, success, completeP: pm, peace, park, pay, politics, people, perfect, president, prime minister, head, flagshipQ: quality, quantity, quarter, question, cute, balloon, head, suspect, doubt, unknown, difficultyR: respect, representative, request, about, relations, returnS: smile, snake, turns and twists, society, social, silence, curve, slimT: time, tea, cross-disciplinary, compound, T-shirt, T-stage, disagreement, dispute, disapprovalU: you (your party), pitfall, trap, recycle, cycle, return, valleyV: victory, triumph, vs, valley, bottom, tipW: west, western, wave, fluctuate, ups and downsX: X-ray, XL, wrong, negation, cross, times, execute, killY: why, year, yes, approve, agree, young, deviate, tree, servantZ: zero, zoo, last, zigzag, turns and twists, dream, sleep (comic strip)从以上例子可以看出，我们可以从拼写、发音以及字母的结构等方面来进行联想，在笔记中创造性地使用这些符号。4.3.2.3 箭头箭头在口译笔记中的使用可以毫不夸张地说“占了半壁江山”，首先动词的位置往往由右箭头代替。下面看看箭头的用法：上箭头: increase, go up, rise, raise, improve, promote, enhance, promote, step up, become better and better下箭头: decrease, decline, go down, deteriorate, reduce, reduction, become worse and worse, worsen右箭头：introduce a result or consequencelead to, bring about, contribute to, consequently, as a result, result in, so, therefore, hence左箭头：introduce a reason or causebecause, because of, owing to, due to, origin, source, originate from还有倾斜的上箭头和下箭头，表示逐步上升或者逐步下降的基本含义。双上箭头或者双下箭头强调上升或者下降的程度。4.3.2.4 常用速记符号4.3.2.5 标点符号在口译笔记中的应用：常用来替代右箭头，表示动词的位置：speech, talk, say, speak, negotiation“”可以把成语、引语、习语放入到引号中，如听到“有朋自远方来，不亦说乎？”，可以记为“有乎”；听到“和平共处五项原则”，可以记为“五”；听到“己所不欲，勿施于人”可以记为“己人”等等。？question, problem, issue, doubt, suspect, unknown！greeting(s), anger, happiness, miracle, wonder, surprise( ) include, listingellipsis, etc., and so on4.3.3 口译笔记注意事项口译笔记存在个