Python入门教程.docx

Python 入门教程 1 - Python Syntax1 Python是一个高效的语言，读和写的操作都是很简单的，就像普通的英语一样2 Python是一个解释执行的语言，我们不需要去编译，我们只要写出代码即可运行3 Python是一个面向对象的语言，在Python里面一切皆对象4 Python是一门很有趣的语言5 变量：一个变量就是一个单词，只有一个单一的值练习：设置一个变量my_variable，值设置为10cpp #Write your code below! my_variable = 10 3 第三节 1 Python里面有三种数据类型 interage , floats , booleans 2 Python是一个区分大小写的语言 3 练习 1 把变量my_int 值设置为7 2 把变量my_float值设置为1.23 3 把变量my_bool值设置为truepython #Set the variables to the values listed in the instructions! my_int = 7 my_float = 1.23 my_bool = True 6 Python的变量可以随时进行覆盖 2 练习：my_int的值从7改为3，并打印出my_int python #my_int is set to 7 below. What do you think #will happen if we reset it to 3 and print the result? my_int = 7 #Change the value of my_int to 3 on line 8! my_int = 3 #Heres some code that will print my_int to the console: #The print keyword will be covered in detail soon! print my_int 7 Pyhton的声明和英语很像8 Python里面声明利用空格在分开 3 练习： 查看以下代码的错误python def spam(): eggs = 12 return eggs print spam() 9 Python中的空格是指正确的缩进 2 练习： 改正上一节中的错误python def spam(): eggs = 12 return eggs print spam() 10 Python是一种解释执行的语言，只要你写完即可立即运行 2 练习：设置变量spam的只为True，eggs的值为Falsepythonspam = True eggs = False 11 Python的注释是通过“#”来实现的，并不影响代码的实现 2 练习：给下面的代码加上一行注释python #this is a comments for Python mysterious_variable = 42 12 Python的多行注释是通过“ ”来实现的 2 练习：把下面的代码加上多行python this is a Python course a = 5 13 Python有6种算术运算符+,-,*,/,*(幂),% 2 练习：把变量count_to设置为1+2python#Set count_to equal to 1 plus 2 on line 3! count_to = 1+2 print count_to 14 Python里面求xm，写成x*m 2 练习：利用幂运算，把eggs的值设置为100python #Set eggs equal to 100 using exponentiation on line 3! eggs = 10*2 print eggs 1 练习： 1 写一行注释 2 把变量monty设置为True 3 把变量python值设置为1.234 4 把monty_python的值设置为python的平方python #this is a Python monty = True python = 1.234 monty_python = python*2 Python 入门教程 2 - Tip Calculator1 把变量meal的值设置为44.50python#Assign the variable meal the value 44.50 on line 3! meal = 44.50 1 把变量tax的值设置为6.75% python meal = 44.50 tax = 6.75/100 1 设置tip的值为15% python #Youre almost there! Assign the tip variable on line 5. meal = 44.50 tax = 0.0675 tip = 0.15 1 把变量meal的值设置为meal+meal*taxpython #Reassign meal on line 7! meal = 44.50 tax = 0.0675 tip = 0.15 meal = meal+meal*tax 设置变量total的值为meal+meal*taxpython #Assign the variable total on line 8! meal = 44.50 tax = 0.0675 tip = 0.15 meal = meal + meal * tax total = meal + meal * tip print(%.2f % total) Python 入门教程 3 - Strings and Console Output15Python里面还有一种好的数据类型是String16一个String是通过 或者 包成的串 3 设置变量brian值为Always look on the bright side of life!python #Set the variable brian on line 3! brian = Always look on the bright side of life! 1 练习 1 把变量caesar变量设置为Graham 2 把变量praline变量设置为john 3 把变量viking变量设置为Teresapython #Assign your variables below, each on its own line! caesar = Graham praline = John viking = Teresa #Put your variables above this line print caesar print praline print viking 17 Python是通过来实现转义字符的 2 练习把Help! Help! Im being repressed! 中的Im中的进行转义python #The string below is broken. Fix it using the escape backslash! Help! Help! m being repressed! 18 我们可以使用来避免转义字符的出现 2 练习： 把变量fifth_letter设置为MONTY的第五个字符python The string PYTHON has six characters,numbered 0 to 5, as shown below:+-+-+-+-+-+-+| P | Y | T | H | O | N |+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 0 1 2 3 4 5So if you wanted Y, you could just typePYTHON1 (always start counting from 0!) fifth_letter = MONTY4 print fifth_letter 19 介绍String的第一种方法，len()求字符串的长度 2 练习： 把变量parrot的值设置为Norweigian Blue，然后打印parrot的长度pythonparrot = Norwegian Blue print len(parrot) 20 介绍String的第二种方法,lower()把所有的大写字母转化为小写字母 2 练习： 把parrot中的大写字母转换为小写字母并打印python parrot = Norwegian Blue print parrot.lower() 21 介绍String的第三种方法,upper()把所有的大写字母转化为小写字母 2 练习： 把parrot中的小写字母转换为大写字母并打印python parrot = norwegian blue print parrot.upper() 第八节 1 介绍String的第四种方法,str()把非字符串转化为字符串，比如str(2)是把2转化为字符串2 2 练习: 设置一个变量pi值为3.14 , 把pi转化为字符串python Declare and assign your variable on line 4,then call your method on line 5! pi = 3.14 print str(pi) 22 主要介绍“.” 的用处，比如上面的四个String的四个方法都是用到了点 2 练习: 利用“.”来使用String的变量ministry的函数len()和upper()，并打印出python ministry = The Ministry of Silly Walks print len(ministry) print ministry.upper() 23 介绍print的作用 2 练习：利用print输出字符串Monty Pythonpython Tell Python to print Monty Pythonto the console on line 4! print Monty Python 1 介绍print来打印出一个变量 2 练习：把变量the_machine_goes值赋值Ping!，然后打印出python Assign the string Ping! tothe variable the_machine_goes online 5, then print it out on line 6! the_machine_goes = Ping! print the_machine_goes 24 介绍我们可以使用+来连接两个String 2 练习：利用+把三个字符串Spam 和and 和eggs连接起来输出python # Print the concatenation of Spam and eggs on line 3! print Spam + and + eggs 25 介绍了str()的作用是把一个数字转化为字符串 2 练习：利用str()函数把3.14转化为字符串并输出python # Turn 3.14 into a string on line 3! print The value of pi is around + str(3.14) 第十四节 1 介绍了字符串的格式化，使用%来格式化，字符串是%s 2 举例：有两个字符串，利用格式化%s来输出python string_1 = Camelot string_2 = place print Lets not go to %s. Tis a silly %s. % (string_1, string_2) 1 回顾之前的内容 2 练习 1 设置变量my_string的值 2 打印出变量的长度 3 利用upper()函数并且打印变量值python # Write your code below, starting on line 3! my_string = chenguolin print len(my_string) print my_string.upper() Python 入门教程 4 - Date and Time26 介绍得到当前的时间datetime.now() 2 练习 1 设置变量now的值为datetime.now() 2 打印now的值python from datetime import datetime now = datetime.now() print now 27 介绍从datetime.now得到的信息中提取出year,month等 2 练习: 从datetime.now中得到的信息中提取出year,month,daypython from datetime import datetime now = datetime.now() print now.month print now.day print now.year 28 介绍把输出日期的格式转化为mm/dd/yyyy，我们利用的是+来转化 2 练习：打印当前的日期的格式为mm/dd/yyyypython from datetime import datetime now = datetime.now() print str(now.month)+/+str(now.day)+/+str(now.year) 29 介绍把输出的时间格式化为hh:mm:ss 2 练习：打印当前的时间的格式为hh:mm:sspython from datetime import datetime now = datetime.now() print str(now.hour)+:+str(now.minute)+:+str(now.second) 第五节 1 练习：把日期和时间两个连接起来输出python from datetime import datetime now = datetime.now() print str(now.month) + / + str(now.day) + / + str(now.year) + +str(now.hour) + : + str(now.minute) + : + str(now.second)Python 入门教程 5 - Conditionals & Control Flow30 介绍Python利用有6种比较的方式 = , != , , = , , = 2 比较后的结果是True或者是False 3 练习 1 把bool_one的值设置为 17 118%100 2 把bool_two的值设置为 100 = 33*3 + 1 3 把bool_two的值设置为 19 = -18 5 把bool_five的值设置为 99 != 98+1python#Assign True or False as appropriate on the lines below! bool_one = 17 118%100 bool_two = 100 = 33*3+1 bool_three = 19 = -18 bool_five = 99 != 98+1 31 介绍了比较的两边不只是数值，也可以是两个表达式 2 练习 1 把bool_one的值设置为 20 + -10*2 10%3%2 2 把bool_two的值设置为 (10+17)*2 = 3*6 3 把bool_two的值设置为 1*2*3 = -4*2 5 把bool_five的值设置为 100*0.5 != 6+4python# Assign True or False as appropriate on the lines below! bool_one = 20+-10*2 10%3%2 bool_two = (10+17)*2 = 3*6 bool_three = 1*2*3 = -4*2 bool_five = 100*0.5 != 6+4 32 介绍了Python里面还有一种数据类型是booleans，值为True或者是False 2 练习：根据题目的意思来设置右边的表达式python # Create comparative statements as appropriate on the lines below! # Make me true! bool_one = 1 2 # Make me true! bool_three = 1 != 2 # Make me false! bool_four = 2 2 # Make me true! bool_five = 4 = 16*0.5 3 设置变量bool_three的值为19%4 != 300/10/10 and False 4 设置变量bool_four的值为-(1*2) 2*0 and 10%10 = 16*0.5 bool_three = 19%4 != 300/10/10 and False bool_four = -(1*2) 2*0 and 10%10 = 50 or False 4 设置变量bool_four的值为True or True 5 设置变量bool_five的值为1*100 = 100*1 or 3*2*1 != 3+2+1python bool_one = 2*3 = 108%100 or Cleese = King Arthur bool_two = True or False bool_three = 100*0.5 = 50 or False bool_four = True or True bool_five = 1*100 = 100*1 or 3*2*1 != 3+2+1 35 介绍第三种连接符not , 如果是not True那么结果为False，not False结果为True 2 练习 1 设置变量bool_one的值为not True 2 设置变量bool_two的值为not 3*4 4*3 3 设置变量bool_three的值为not 10%3 = 10%2 4 设置变量bool_four的值为not 3*2+4*2 != 5*2 5 设置变量bool_five的值为not not Falsepython bool_one = not True bool_two = not 3*4 4*3 bool_three = not 10%3 = 10%2 bool_four = not 3*2+4*2 != 5*2 bool_five = not not False 36 介绍了由于表达式很多所以我们经常使用()来把一些表达式括起来，这样比较具有可读性 2 练习 1 设置变量bool_one的值为False or (not True) and True 2 设置变量bool_two的值为False and (not True) or True 3 设置变量bool_three的值为True and not (False or False) 4 设置变量bool_four的值为not (not True) or False and (not True) 5 设置变量bool_five的值为False or not (True and True)pythonbool_one = False or (not True) and True bool_two = False and (not True) or True bool_three = True and not (False or False) bool_four = not (not True) or False and (not True) bool_five = False or not (True and True) 第八节 1 练习：请至少使用and，or，not来完成以下的练习python # Use boolean expressions as appropriate on the lines below! # Make me false! bool_one = not (1 and 2) or 3) # Make me true! bool_two = not (not(1 and 2) or 3) # Make me false! bool_three = not (1 and 2) or 3) # Make me true! bool_four = not (not(1 and 2) or 3) # Make me true! bool_five = not (not(1 and 2) or 3) 37 介绍了条件语句if38 if的格式如下, 比如python if 8 9: print Eight is less than nine! 3 另外还有这elif 以及else，格式如下python if 8 9: print I dont get printed. else: print I also dont get printed! 4 练习：设置变量response的值为Ypython response = Y answer = Left if answer = Left: print This is the Verbal Abuse Room, you heap of parrot droppings! # Will the above print statement print to the console? # Set response to Y if you think so, and N if you think not. 第十节 1 介绍了if的格式python if EXPRESSION: # block line one # block line two # et cetera 2 练习：在两个函数里面加入两个加入条件语句，能够成功输出python def using_control_once(): if 1 0: return Success #1 def using_control_again(): if 1 0: return Success #2 print using_control_once() print using_control_again() 39 介绍了else这个条件语句 2 练习：完成函数里面else条件语句python answer = Tis but a scratch! def black_knight(): if answer = Tis but a scratch!: return True else: return False # Make sure this returns False def french_soldier(): if answer = Go away, or I shall taunt you a second time!: return True else: return False # Make sure this returns False 40 介绍了另外一种条件语句elif的使用 2 练习：在函数里面第二行补上answer 5， 第四行补上answer 5: return 1 elif answer 5: return -1 else: return 0 print greater_less_equal_5(4) print greater_less_equal_5(5) print greater_less_equal_5(6) 第十三节 1 练习：利用之前学的比较以及连接符以及条件语句补全函数。所有的都要出现至少一次python def the_flying_circus(): # Start coding here! if 1 2 and not False: return True elif 1 = 1 or 1 != 2 or 1 2 or 1 2 or 1 = 2: return True else: return False Python 入门教程 6 - PygLatin1 练习：使用Python来输出这句话Welcome to the English to Pig Latin translator!pythonprint Welcome to the English to Pig Latin translator! 41 介绍了Python的输入，Python里面我们可以通过raw_input来实现出入 2 比如我们使用name = raw_ijnput(whats your name) , 那么这里将会在whats your name提示我们输入，并把结果保存到name里面 3 练习：使用original变量来接受任何的输入python print Welcome to the English to Pig Latin translator! original = raw_input(welcome to the Python:) 42 介绍了我们在输入的时候经常出现输入空字符串的情况，因此我们需要去检查是否是空字符串 2 练习：在上一节的输入的值进行判断，如果不是空字符串那么打印这个值，否则直接输出emptypython print Welcome to the English to Pig Latin translator! original = raw_input(welcome to the Python:) if len(original) 0: print original else: print empty 43 介绍了怎样判断一个字符串是数字的方法，我们可以通过isalpha()来判断如果是阿拉伯数字，则isalpha的值为false ，否则为TRUE 2 比如有一个变量为x = 123，那么x.isalpha()是True 3 练习：通过变量original的输入值来判断是否是一个数字串python print Welcome to the English to Pig Latin translator! original = raw_input(welcome to the Python:) if original.isalpha(): print True else: print False 第五节 1 练习：利用多次的输入来判断是否是数字串和非空字符串pythonprint Welcome to the English to Pig Latin translator! original = raw_input(welcome to the Python:) if original.isalpha(): print True else: print False original = raw_input(welcome to the Python:) if len(y) = 0: print empty else: print no empty 第六节 1 回顾了一下之前的String的lower()函数 2 练习 1 设置变量word等于original.lower() 2 设置变量first等于word的第一个字符python pyg = ay original = raw_input(Enter a word:) word = original.lower() first = word0 if len(original) 0 and original.isalpha(): print original else: print empty 第六节 1 介绍了if语句里面还可以嵌套语句 2 练习：判断上一节里面的first字符是否是元音字符是的话输出vowel，否则输出consonantpython pyg = ay original = raw_input(Enter a word:) word = original.lower() first = word0 if len(original) 0 and original.isalpha(): if first = a or first = i or first = o or first = u or first = e: print vowel else: print consonant else: print empty 第七节 1 利用String的+操作，产生一个新的变量new_word等于word+pyg 2 练习：把print vowel替换成print new_wordpython pyg = ay original = raw_input(Enter a word:) word = original.lower() first = word0 new_word = word+pyg if len(original) 0 and original.isalpha(): if first = a or first = i or first = o or first = u or first = e: print new_word else: print consonant else: print empty 44 介绍了String中得到子串的方法，比如我们有一个字符串s = foo，现在s0:2就是fo45 如果结束是末尾，那么可以直接写成这样si:，省略第二个数 2 练习：在嵌套的if语句里面设置new_word的值为word从第1位到最后一位+变量pygpython pyg = ay original = raw_input(Enter a word:) word = original.lower() first = word0 new_word = word+pyg if len(original) 0 and original.isalpha(): if first = a or first = i or first = o or first = u or first = e: new_word = word1:+pyg print new_word else: print consonant else: print empty Python 入门教程 7 - PygLatin46 介绍了Python的函数组成有三部份，函数头，函数体 2 函数的举例pythondef ni_sayer(): Prints Ni! to the console. print Ni! 3 练习：写一个函数，输出字符串Eggs!，函数体增加一行注释python # Define your spam function starting on line 5. You # can leave the code on line 11 alone for now-well # explain it soon! def spam(): this is a zhushi print Eggs! # Define the spam function above this line. spam() 47 介绍了函数的调用，就是直接函数名 2 练习：调用函数spam(10)python def square(n): Returns the square of a number. squared = n*2 print %d squared is %d. % (n, squared) return squared # Call the square function on line 9! Make sure to # include the number 10 between the parentheses. square(10) 48 介绍了函数可以使用参数的传递 2 比如函数no_one(sentence)的使用，传入字符串作为参数python def no_one(sentence): print sentence no_one(The Spanish Inquisition) 3 练习：把函数的参数改为base,exponent。调用函数传入37和4python view plaincopydef power(base,exponent): # Add your parameters here!