高考英语名词性从句讲解(最全版).ppt

英语名词性从句,NounClause,Review:英语句子的种类有两种，按句子的用途可分为陈述、疑问、祈使和感叹句四种。而按句子的结构可分三种：,简单句并列句3)复合句,主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语+间宾+直宾主语+谓语+宾语+宾补,简单句+并列连词+简单句,主句+引导词+从句,1.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.2.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.3.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstudystepbystep.4.BothTomandMikeareAmericanboys.5.Hesaidthathehasknownallbefore.,请判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：,简单句,并列句,复合句,简单句,复合句,复合句,定语从句名词性从句状语从句,复合句：主句+引导词+从句,起名词性作用的从句，叫名词性从句。换言之，在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语部分，换由一个句子来充当，这样的句子就是名词性从句。,请思考,定语从句的定义：,起定语作用，用来修饰名词或代词的从句。,名词性从句定义,RelatedConception(相关概念),1.名词:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词在句子作什么成分?,名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。,TheboyisLiMing.,主语,表语,Miss.Liang,a24-year-oldgirl,teachesusEnglish.,主语,同位语,宾语,1.TheboyisLiMing.2.Whathesaidiscorrect.,(名词作主语),（从句作主语）,1.在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。,用it作形式主语的主语从句,如果主语从句太长，为了避免句子结构头重脚轻，可以用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。,Itisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilmyesterday.ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madesatelliteintoorbit.Itdosetmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.,3.Welovepeace.4.Hesaidthathehasknownallbefore.,(名词作宾语),(从句作宾语),2.在句中充当及物动词或介词或be+adj.后宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。,Wealwaysmeanwhatwesay.我们向来说话算数。Hegoestothelibraryeverydayexceptwhenitisraining.Heisconfidentthathewillwin.,作动词的宾语,作介词的宾语,作形容词的宾语,某些表示心理状态的形容词在句中作表语时，后面可跟宾语从句。,It作形式宾语,it不仅可以作形式主语，还可以作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的that从句放在句尾，特别是用在带复合宾语的句子中。Ithinkitquiteclearthathepreferredcoffeetotea.Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldseekforasolutiontotheproblem.在口语或非正式文体中，引导宾语从句的连词that常可省略。但形式宾语it后面的that不能省略。,5.Youareastudent.6.Thefactisthatsheneverknewthesecret.,(名词作表语),(从句作表语),3.在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词后面)叫做表语从句。,注意：Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasillinhospital.,其他从属连词引导的表语从句because,as,asif,asthough等也可用来引导表语从句。Thingsarenotastheyseemtobe.事情并不是像它们表面上看起来那样。Ithinkitisbecauseyouaretooserious.Hefeltasthoughhehadgonebackto20yearsago.,7.Miss.Liang,a24-year-oldgirl,teachesusEnglish.8.Thenewsthatourteamhadwonmadeushappy.,(名词作同位语),(从句作同位语),4.在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句.其用途是对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明该名词的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常是news,idea,fact,word,hope,advice等。,在英语的句子结构中，如果本该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫_。,主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句,名词性从句,名词性从句,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句：,WhatIwanttodoistogoshopping.2.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.3.Idontthinkthatheisanhonestboy.4.Thefactisthathestolethecar.,判断从句的方法：一找引导词划从句二找谓语动词三看从句在主句的位置,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,(主语从句),(同位语从句),(宾语从句),(表语从句),5.Theproblemiswhatweshoulddonext.6.Thenewsthathecouldntcomemakesusupset.7.Ourpurposeisthathecanrealizehisfaults.8.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,(表语从句),(同位语从句),(表语从句),(同位语从句),试区分以下句子,Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?,Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout?,注意：1.定语从句，从句是不完整的，关系词充当成分；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。2.定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。,(同从),(定从),一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处,1.都跟在名词后；2.都可以翻译成“的”,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。,（同位语从句）,（定语从句）,二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处,1、含义不同：同位语从句是对前面名词的解释说明，知道具体内容，指同一件事（可以划等号）；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词，不知道具体内容。,e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处,2、引导词区别：同位语从句中，that：无成分，用于肯定句；定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,e.g.DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）,（that不充当任何成分）,I.Tellthefunctionoftheclausesinthefollowingsentences说出下列从句的功能：A:Appositive（同位语）;B:Attributive（定语）,Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?5.Isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownontheway.,B,B,B,连接副词（4个）：when、why、where、how,引导词,从属连词（3个）：that、if、whether,连接代词（9个）：who、whom、what、which、whose、whoeverwhomever、whatever、whichever、,名词性从句引导词的用法（1）：,从句中的每一个引导词都有3个功能，分别如下:,从属连词,“that”-无词义、不作成份、起连接作用,“if”-“是否”、不作成份、起连接作用,“whether”-“是否”、不作成份、起连接作用,1、Thatwewillrealizeourdreamsinthefutureiscertain.2、ThefactisthatBeijingwillhold29thOlympicGamesthisyear.3、Iknowthatwellbegunishalfdone.4、HeheardthenewsthatLiuxiangsetanewworldrecord.,“that”-无词义、不作成份、起连接作用,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,（同位语从句）,1、Whethershewillcomebackontimedependsonweather.2、Theproblemiswhetheryoucouldgiveussomevaluableadvice.3、Iaskedhimwhetherhecoulddomeafavor.4、CouldyoutellmethequestionwhetherEnglishisusefulforusnow.,“whether”-“是否”、不作成份、起连接作用,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,（同位语从句）,If只能引导两种名词性从句：宾语从句、不放于句首的主语从句。Whether四种从句均可以引导。,If与whether的区别：,1、Whethershewillcomebackontimedependsonweather.2、Iaskedhimwhetherhecoulddomeafavor.,请思考：,1、Itdependsonweatherifshewillcomebackontime.,2、Iaskedhimifhecoulddomeafavor.,1、If只能引导两种名词性从句：宾语从句、不放于句首的主语从句。Whether四种从句均可以引导。2、whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，不用if。3、whetherornot连在一起可以，但if不可以。而“whether-ornot=if-ornot”,If与whether的区别：,1、Iaskedher_shehadabike.2._wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis_heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion_theoldmanwillrecoversoon.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,请用if/whether填空：,whether,连接代词,名词性从句引导词的用法（2）：,“who”-“谁”、作主语、起连接作用,“whom”-“谁”、作宾语、起连接作用,“what”-“事情”、作主表宾、起连接作用,“whose”-“谁的”、作定语、起连接作用,“which”-“哪-”、作定语、起连接作用,“who”-“谁”、作主语、起连接作用,1、Whowillgotothecollegeisstilluncertain.2、Thetroubleiswhocouldlendmesomemoney.3、Hewanttoknowwhopickeduphismobilephone.,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,1、Whomyouwilllearnfromisworththinkingover.2、ThethingIamanxiousaboutiswhomhewillturntoforhelp.3、Hismotheraskedhimwhomhecouldbelievein.,“whom”-“谁”、作宾语、起连接作用,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,1、WhatIdesiretogetisagoodreputation.2、WhathewilltellmeiswhatIhavebeenexpectingtoknow.3、TheyagreewithwhatIsaidjustnow.,“what”-“事情”、作主表宾语、起连接作用,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,1、Whichclassissuitableforusisntmostimportant.2、Whathewantstoaskyounowiswhichteamwonthegame.3、Couldyoutellmewhichoneisright.,“which”-“哪-”、作定语、起连接作用,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,1、Whosebagwasthemostbeautifulisstillunknownnow.2、Thequestioniswhosefriendscouldlendmeahand.3、Iwanttoknowwhosesuggestionismorepractical.,“whose”-“谁的”、作定语、起连接作用,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,名词性从句引导词的用法（3）：,连接代词,“whomever”-“-的任何人”、作宾语、,“whoever”-“-的任何人”、作主语、,“whatever”-“-的任何东西”、作主表宾语、,“whichever”-“无论哪个或哪些-”、作定语、,“whoever”-“-的任何人”、作主语、起连接作用,1、Whoevercouldsolvetheproblemwillberewarded.2、ThepersonIwillpraiseiswhoevercouldworkoutthequestion.3、Youshouldappreciatewhoeverhelpedyouinthepast.,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,“whomever”-“-的任何人”、作宾语、起连接作用,1、Whomeveryouwillmeetinthemeetingisexcellent.2、ThepersonIcoulddependoniswhomeveryoubelievein.3、YoushouldlearnfromwhomeverIpraisedyesterday.,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,1、Whateveryoudidinthepastwasverymeaningful.2、Whatweshoulddoiswhateverisworthdoing.3、Weshoulddowhateverisworthdoing.,“whatever”-“-的任何东西”、作主表宾语、,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,“whichever”-“-的哪些或哪个”、作定语,1、Whicheverteamwinthegameispossible.2、ThefactiswhicheverteachercouldhelpyoulearnEnglishwell.3、Youcouldchoosewhicheverbookyouwant.,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,名词性从句引导词的用法（4）：,连接副词,“why”-“为什么”、作状语、起连接作用,“how”-“如何”、作状语、起连接作用,“where”-“什么地方”、作状语、起连接作用,“when”-“什么时候”、作状语、起连接作用,“when”-“什么时候”、作状语、起连接作用,1、Whenthemeetingwillbeginisntdecidednow.2、Thetroubleiswhenhecouldrecoverfromthedisease.3、Heaskeduswhenwewouldgraduatefromtheschool.,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,“where”-“什么地方”、作状语、起连接作用,1、WhereIcouldbuythebookisuncertainnow.2、Hisquestionwaswherewewouldholdtheopeningceremony.3、Icouldnttellyouwheretheyhavebeenliving.,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,1、Whyhekilledhimselfisstillasecretnow.2、Whatsurprisedmewaswhytheyfailedagain.3、IjustwanttoaskyouwhyIwasfired.,“why”-“为什么”、作状语、起连接作用,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,1、Howthethiefstolethebikeisstillamystery.2、Whattheprofessoraskeduswashowwecouldmakeourparentshappy.3、IwillgotoaskmyteacherhowIcouldworkouttheproblem.,“how”-“如何”、作状语、起连接作用,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,用that/what填空：,1._hewantsisabook.2._hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Theresultis_wewonthegame.4.Thisis_wewanttoknow.5.Is_hetoldustrue?6.Weshouldpayattentionto_theteacherissaying.7.Ihavenodoubt_hewillcome.8.Ihavenoidea_hedidthatafternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,_hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How,2._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where,3._isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry_theFirstWorld.A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingto,名词性从句练习50题：,4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.AThatB.whileC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave,7._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What/becauseB.What/thatC.That/whatD.That/because8._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What/whyB.That/whatC.What/becauseD.Why/that,9.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis_hewaspunished!A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason,10._hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever11.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.thatB.howC.whereD.what,12._isnopossibility_Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,which,13.IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where14.Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited,15._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which16.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_hewants.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that17.Wemadethesuggestionthathe_hiswork.A.continuesB.continueC.continuedD.hadcontinued,18.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor_buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever19.Marywroteanarticleon_theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that(05)20.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept_helphecanget.(05)A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever,21.Manynewspaperprintedthegovernorsstatement_wouldsupportataxcut.andheB.wasthatheC.whichheD.thathe22._manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That23.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever,24.Canyoumakesure_thegoldrings?A.whereshehasputB.wherehadsheputC.whereshehadputD.wherehassheput,25.Thereasonthathehasbeensucceeding_henevergivesup.A.isB.isbecauseC.isthatD.iswhat,26._breaksthelawshouldbepunished.A.WhoeverB.NomatterwhoC.anyone.D.who,27.Thatis_Ihadtotaketheriskofbeingwashedaway.A.whyB.reasonwhyC.howD.what28.Do_youthinkisright,_difficultiesyoumayhave.A.what;howeverB.that;whateverC.whatever;whoeverD.what;whatever29.Theworkersconsidereditimportant_thebosswouldagreetogivethemarise.A.whetherB.howC.whereD.which,30.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether,31.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how,32.Difficultylies_wehavenomoney.A.thatB.inthatC.inthefactD.inthefactthat,33.Idontthinkthequestionof_theyareoldoryoungisimportant.A.whichB.whetherC.howD.why,34.Itmakesnodifference_youwillgotodayortomorrow.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.what35._shouldbesenttoworkthere?A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldC.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould,36.Thenews_LincolnwasmurderedfilledtheAmericanpeoplesheartswithdeepsorrow.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.how37._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeveryonepresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter38.Idonttrusthispromise_hewillbuymeanewcar.A.whichB.whatC.wh