2019年中考英语一轮复习F开头词汇(一)讲义.doc

中考一轮复习 F 开头词汇（一）（讲义）以字母 F 开头的单词face /fes/n. 脸face to face 面对面in the face of 面对(问题、困难等)v. 面向；面对You should try your best when you face the difficulty.fact /fkt/n. 事实，现实in fact = actually adv. 事实上factory /fkt()r/n. 工厂复数：factoriesplant 也可以表示“工厂” Cfail /fel/v. 失败；不及格；衰退；使失望，有负于Though he may fail, he will try. (失败)Sometimes he was absent from classes and he failed his examinations. (不及格) pass the examI lost the game, Dad. I failed my team. (有负于；辜负)fail to do sth. 未能做某事He failed to keep the appointment. 他未履约。Never fail to be thankful to the people around you. 永不要忘记感激你身边的人。failuren. 失败success (n.)fair /fe/adj. 公平的，合理的Its fair to do sth.be fair to sb. 对某人公平反义词：unfairfairness n. 公正性；合理性n. 展览会；交易会What did you see at the art and science fair?fall /fl/v. (fell, fallen) 落(下)，降落；倒下fallen adj. 倒下的；落下的These houses fell down in the earthquake. 这些房子在地震中倒塌了。I fell over and cut my knee. 我绊倒了，划破了膝盖。A boy fell into the river. 一个男孩掉进了河里。The boy fell off the bike and hurt himself. 这个男孩从自行车上掉了下来，摔伤了自己。She soon fell behind the leaders. 她很快就落在了领头者的后面。I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie! 我爱上了这部让人兴奋又有趣的电影。fall asleep/ill/silent/pregnant 入睡/生病/安静下来/怀孕对比：dropvi. 降落 As a result, he often fell ill and his grades dropped.vt. 使落下 He dropped a letter into the mail-box.注意：falln. “秋天”fallsn. “瀑布”Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉大瀑布famous /fems/adj. 著名的well-known adj. 著名的；众所周知的be famous for 因而著名be famous as 作为而著名fun /fn/n. 有趣的事；娱乐，玩笑 U愉快地做某事 have fun (in) (doing sth.) have a good/great/wonderful timeenjoy oneselffunny /fn/ adj. 有趣的，滑稽可笑的fan /fn/n. 迷；狂热爱好者；热烈崇拜者fantastic /fntstk/ adj. 极好的，吸引人的，有趣的wonderful / excellentfascinating /fsineiti/adj. 迷人的；极有吸引力的charming fascinatedadj. 极感兴趣的；入迷的far /f/(比较级 farther/further，最高级 farthest/furthest)adj. 远的further education 深造adv. 远地He is far better than me.so far 到目前为止，常用于现在完成时What do you think of the show so far? I have had no reply from her so far.father /f/n. 父亲field /fild/n. 田地；场地farm /fm/ n. 农场on the farm 在农场farmer /fm/n. 农民The farmer has a farm, and he works on the farmland every day.fast /fst/adj. 快的，迅速的；紧密的adv. 快地，迅速地The fast train runs fast.fat /ft/adj. 胖的；肥的 (fatter, fattest)委婉说法：overweightfavourite /fev()rt/(美 favorite)adj. 最喜欢的相当于 likebestn. 最喜爱的东西；受（老师或父母）宠爱的人，宠儿Which one is your favorite?fear /f/n. 害怕；恐惧；担忧 UThe noise-maker is having too much fun creating fear in the neighborhood.在社区里引发恐慌，噪音制造者很是开心。v. 害怕，恐惧，担心害怕做某事 fear to do sth.February /febrr/n. 二月feed /fid/v. (fed, fed) 喂(养)；饲(养) feed sb. on sth. = feed sth. to sb. 把喂给 You can feed the chickens on the worms. You can feed the worms to the chickens.feed on (动物)以为食Butterflies feed on the flowers of garden plants.feel /fil/v. (felt; felt) 感受到；触摸link v. 感觉，觉得；摸起来 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事feel like 感受到感官动词+形容词 sound looksmelltastefeeling /fil/n. 感觉a feeling of excitement C兴奋的感觉feelings of guilt / guilty feelings 内疚感festival /festv()l/n. 节日；（音乐等的）会演，节the Spring Festivalthe Dragon Boat Festival a Jewish/Christian/Hindu festival犹太教基督教印度教节日the Cannes Film Festival 戛纳电影节a rock festival摇滚音乐节fetch /fet/v.（去）拿来，取回；（去）请来 Quick! Go and fetch a doctor. 快点，去请医生来！ bring & take & carry & fetch 区别fever /fiv/n. 发烧；发热have a fever 发烧flu /flu/n. 流行性感冒have a flu/cold 感冒bird flu 禽流感few /fju/det. pron. 不多，很少；少数（人/事物/地方）adj. 不多的；少数的多少几乎没有可数many/quite a fewa fewfew不可数mucha littlelittleYoud better do some shopping. There is little food in the fridge.Several years ago, few people knew Lady Gaga, but now she is famous in America. Were busy because we have so much housework to do today.Dont worry. There is still a little time.four /f/num. 四第四 fourth fourteen /ftin/num. 十四第十四 fourteenth forty /ft/num. 四十第四十 fortiethfive /fav/num. 五第五 fifth fifteen /fftin/num. 十五第十五 fifteenth fifty /fft/num. 五十第五十 fiftiethin ones fifties 在某人五十多岁时at the age of 52 在 52 岁时fight /fat/v. (fought, fought) 打架；打仗；争吵fight over/about sth. with sb. 与某人争论某事When Sarah was a teenager, she used to fight over almost everything with her family.n. 打架；战役；争吵have a fight over/about sth. with sb. 与某人争论某事get into a fight with sb. 与某人打架He got into a fight with a man in the bar.full /fl/adj. 满的，充满的；完全的；饱的；忙碌的a full moon 一轮满月Im full. 我吃饱了。Next week is quite full for me. 下周我很忙。be full of 充满fill /fl/v.（使）充满，（使）装满，（使）注满；占据；布满fill sth. with 用把装满 I want to fill the bath with water.be filled with = be full of 装满；充满The bath is filled with water. The bath is full of water.这些箱子里装满了书。These boxes are filled with books. These boxes are full of books.family /fml/n. 家；家庭；子女 辨析：family & home & house 集合名词 family：家庭；家人His family (be) large.His family (be) all waiting for him.These families with young children (be) full of happiness.当主语后面有 as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except, including 等引导的短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致。My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing.我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。You rather than I are going to go camping.是你而不是我要去要野营。film /flm/n. 电影；影片；胶卷first /fst/num. 第一adj. 第一的adv. 第一；首次；最初first= firstly= at first = first of all=to start/begin withfinal /fan()l/adj. 最后的；终极的in the final minute 在最后一分钟a final exam 一次期末考试作文句型：First/ At first/First of all/ To start with/To begin with 第一；首先Second/Then/Besides/Whats more?.第二；其次；并且Third/Finally/At last/In the end第三；最后find /fand/ v. (found, found) 找到，发现，感到find sth./sb. + adj./n./doing/do发觉某人很/是 I find him clever. I find him a star.The policeman found a thief stealing a bike, so he caught him. Her mother found a mouse run into the room.find + it adj. + to do sth. = find + it is adj. + to do sth. (find+宾从) 发现做某事很 将句子变为宾语从句：I found it easy to learn English.I found it is easy to learn English. look for/ search for/ find/ find outfine /fan/adj. 晴朗的；美好的；健康的；纤细的n. 罚单v. 罚款finger /fg/n. 手指与字母 F 相关的谚语The wind of freedom blows. Never offer to teach fish to swim. He drinks like a fish.Fact speak louder than words. A tree cant make a forest.A good fame is better than a good face. Far from eye, far from heart.Far water does not put out near fire.精讲精练一、单项选择()1. When I looked into the room, I found Philip himself in bed.A. liesB. lieC. layD. lying ()2. Have you had breakfast, Lily?No. I didnt like anything this morning.A. feel; eatB. sound; eatingC. feel; eatingD. taste; eating ()3. My bike is broken. Could you help me to ?A. fix it upB. set it upC. make it upD. put it up ()4. Tonys mum looks young and beautiful. Its hard to imagine she is already inher .A. fiftiesB. fiftyC. fiftiethsD. fiftieth()1.()2.()3.()4.()5. If you in the exam, you will let your parents down.A. fallB. will fallC. failD. will fail二、根据提示填空1. Mr. Gao said todays bookshops(fill) with books on “how to give a successful speech”, “how to know what others think” or “how to make money quickly”.2. Im busy at the moment, but Ill be (空闲的) this afternoon.3. When we are in trouble, we should (面对) the challenges.4. I like the suit, but the jacket doesnt (合身) me.5. Hes already (喂养) his pet dog.【参考答案】以字母 F 开头的单词is; are; are与字母 F 相关的谚语1. 让自由之风吹拂。（斯坦福大学校训）2. 不要班门弄斧。3. 他喝起酒来不要命。4. 事实胜于雄辩。5. 独木不成林。6. 美名胜于美貌。7. 眼不见，心不烦。8. 远水救不了近火。精讲精练一、单项选择15：DCAAC二、根据提示完成句子1. were filled2. face3. free/available4. fit5. fed 第17讲 两次工业革命和世界市场的最终形成课下达标练(时间：45分钟满分：85分)一、选择题(本大题共12题，每小题4分，共48分)116世纪到18世纪中期，英国逐渐形成一种现象，工人工资水平高得惊人，而煤炭的价格却极为便宜。于是，各行各业都绞尽脑汁来开发尽可能多投入资本，多消耗煤炭，少雇用工人的新技术。这一现象反映了英国()A行业垄断的初始形成B近代化启动对煤炭的依赖C劳资矛盾的日渐尖锐D动力革命启动的独特条件解析：选D。材料中16世纪到18世纪中期英国逐渐形成了工人工资高得惊人、煤炭价格却极为便宜的现象，于是各行各业想方设法投资开发出多消耗煤炭、少雇佣工人的新技术，此后以煤炭为能源，以机器代替工人劳动的蒸汽机的发明应运而生，可见动力革命的启动有其独特的条件，故D项正确；A、C两项在材料中无体现，应排除；材料并未反映近代化的启动，故B项错误。2珍妮纺纱机的发明者哈格里夫斯原是织工，骡机的发明者克伦普顿是个纺纱工兼织工，生产熟铁的搅拌法是工厂主科特和他的工头彼得奥尼恩斯发明的。这反映出工业革命初期()A科学和技术尚未真正结合B技术发明依赖于科学的新发现C手工工场主垄断了新技术D新技术传播进程缓慢而不平衡解析：选A。据材料“织工”“纺纱工兼织工”“工厂主科特和他的工头”等信息，可知第一次工业革命的发明者大都是技术娴熟的工人，反映了科学和技术尚未真正结合，故A项正确；据材料“织工”“纺纱工兼织工”“工厂主科特和他的工头”等信息，可知第一次工业革命反映了科学和技术并没有太直接的联系，故B项错误；C项与材料“珍妮纺纱机的发明者哈格里夫斯原是织工”等信息不符，故C项错误；材料与新技术传播进程无关，故D项错误。31660年代至1760年代，英国东部地区发生了农业技术革命。其中一项新技术叫做“四区轮作制”，即分别在农场的四块土地上种植芜菁、小麦、萝卜、大麦，四年里轮流更换，不让任何地块休闲，同时又能保持地力。这一革命()A推动英国工业化和城市化进程B促成英国实现粮食自给C导致英国东西部经济差距扩大D揭开英国圈地运动序幕解析：选A。材料中反映的是英国工业革命前的农业技术革命，这一做法提高了土地利用率，为英国的工业化奠定了基础，故A项正确；材料并未说明英国的粮食自给，故B项错误；材料仅仅说明东部进行农业技术革命并不是东西部经济发展的比较，故C项错误；英国的圈地运动是“羊吃人”的运动，它为工业革命的发展提供了大量的自由劳动力，与题目中农业生产技术革命无关，故D项错误。 4英国人大卫兰德斯曾说：“工厂是一种新的监狱，而时钟则成为新的狱卒。”对作者观点理解最准确的是()A工厂成了犯罪频发的地方B工厂模仿监狱的管理手段C批判垄断组织对个人的剥削D机器生产异化了工人生活解析：选D。A项与材料“工厂是一种新的监狱”意思不符，故A项错误；材料“工厂是一种新的监狱，而时钟则成为新的狱卒”主要体现工厂对工人的剥削与压迫，而不是模仿监狱的管理手段，故B项错误；材料“工厂是一种新的监狱”还不能说明已出现垄断组织，故C项错误；据材料“监狱”“狱卒”可知，工厂制度下，