上海高考六选四练习.docx

(一)A. You dont have to be on stage to get stage fright.B. Stage fright is part of the bodys reaction to stress.C. You try to speak your lines, but nothing seems to come out.D. With practice, we can learn how to relax while playing sports.E The good news about stage fright is that here are ways to deal with it.F. However, there is a time when stage fright prevents you from stepping on stage.Stage frightImagine that you are an actor performing in a play for the first time. You have learned all your lines and you know where to walk on stage. Waiting behind the closed curtain, you can hear the audience whispering and taking their seats.Then your big moment arrives! The curtain goes up, and the crowd falls silent. All you can see is the spotlight shining down on you. 1 The inside of your mouth is dry, and your hands are wet.If you have experienced a moment like this, you know all too well what it means to have stage fright. It is one of the most common types of fear and tends to strike people when they find themselves at the centre of attention. 2 People experience this fear when playing sports, giving a presentation, or even speaking in class. A person who suffers from stage fright may get sweaty hands, a dry mouth, a tight throat, or shaky knees. Stage fright is actually a form of panic, and these feelings are very real. 3 The experience differs from person to person, but the same chemical process occurs in each of us. In reaction to anxiety, our bodies produce a chemical that prepares us to either fight or run away quickly. Scientists refer to this as our bodies “fight or flight” reaction. As a result, we feel great energy that makes our hands sweat, our hearts race, and our knees shake. 4 Practising your performance and following some simple tips can help calm nerves and manage the feelings caused by anxiety. First, dress comfortably and appropriately. Second, before the performance, take deep breaths and stretch to help relax your body. Thirdly, stay away from drinks that contain caffeine. These might make your heart race even faster. Instead, try a banana! Some doctors believe that eating a banana can help calm your heart and the rest of your body. Finally, when you look into a crowd, try to focus on particular people instead of the whole group. These tips have helped many people learn to deal with their fears.(二)A. Pick up the dish with the remaining food.B. Proper food is a basic necessity for your puppies.C. Remember to give your puppy the food he would like to have.D. It can also cause an upset stomach due to an unbalanced diet.E. One example is that extra helpings of nutrients do harm to digestive organs.F. Its good to provide the extra nutrients a puppy needs until he grows larger.Puppy foodA puppy (young dog) is a precious addition to any family. The excitement of bringing home a little furry friend will always live in our memories. Like all of us, though, your puppy must have adequate nutrition right from the start to make certain that itll have a long and healthy life. 1 You might ask yourself what is the best for your new pet with all of the different varieties on the market in all of their attractive packaging. Some dry food produced specially for puppies is the best for the development of their teeth. A further benefit is that it is less expensive than the canned food.Contrary to the belief of many firsttime puppy owners, it is not always the best idea to purchase food that is too high in calcium (钙), protein, and vitamin levels. 2 In addition, a high intake of calcium is associated with bone disease in largebreed dogs. If you have a “smallbreed” puppy, you can buy that kind of food.It is not a good idea to feed the food you eat to your puppy frequently, as your puppy may become selective about food. 3 Some people think that dog biscuits and other treats are fine, but they should not be a main part of a puppys diet.Young puppies should be fed three times a day. Each puppy is unique, so feeding them twice a day is acceptable. After ten to twelve weeks of age, feed your puppy twice per day. Allow your puppy to eat as much as he would like in fifteen minutes. 4 If you let your puppy eat too much or too often by keeping food accessible at all times, he may become overweight and have health problems as an adult. Like humans, your puppy will not enjoy the food any longer if it is there at all times. (三)A. In the American family, children and parents are equal.B. It can reflect the traditional values and customs of a nation.C. When it comes to big problems, children do not have to always follow their parents ways.D. Although Americans pay much attention to independence and equality, they dont believe in making sacrifice.E. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to declare their independence.F.Many of them are expected to leave what could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.Family valuesTo understand a nation, you should first get to know its minimum unitfamily. _1 _In the US, upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life. After children leave home, they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married. Young adults meet their future spouses(配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions. Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.Parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves in many families. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another job. 2 A son may deliberately decide not to go into his fathers business because of a fear that he will lose his independence in his fathers workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family. 3 It is not like we Chinese. Parents are rulers and masters. We Chinese love our parents with fear and total respect. In America children always have their own opinions and even can talk about some sensitive problems with their parents, like family financial situation, the relationship between mother and father, and even sex._ 4 Therefore, it is contrary that on one hand, Americans admire independence and equality that they dont want to make sacrifice to make up a family, but on the other hand, Americans think highly of family in their value system.(四)A. Accommodations will vary according to the needs of the disabled. B. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education.C. They educate about all the accommodations for people with disabilities.D. Improvement must be made so that disabled people can fully participate.E. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful. F. So people without disabilities need to be educated about these accommodations. The importance of accessibility awarenessAt a recent Teen Leadership of Jewish Family Services meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges faced by people with physical disabilities. However, what amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap accommodations (残疾人便利设施). One school teacher who is blind, and a woman who has used a wheelchair all her life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to raising awareness about disabilities. _1_ These include handicap parking spots, handrails, and wheelchair ramps. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. _2_ And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked with the “No Parking.” signs. “As long as Im not in the spot, I can take the noparking area next to it, “ some people say. However, the woman who uses a wheelchair disagrees to this. The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. _3_ Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. Whether it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. _4_ People who are informed of the rails use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack.Meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about accommodations made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be fewer challenges for people with physical disabilities.(五)APeer pressure is not always bad. BTeenagers may give in to negative peer pressure. CWhy is it important to deal with negative peer pressure? DFirst of all, teenagers need to recognize negative peer pressure. EFor example, you can choose good friends who share your values. FThe desire to fit in with peers can be a very strong influence on teenagers. Teen peer pressureTeen peer pressure is the influence a teenagers social group has on him or her. As adolescents enter the teen years, they usually begin to focus more on their peers or friends. _1_Peers influence most aspects of a teenager life, including how teenagers dress, what music they listen to, and what kind of activities they are involved in._2_Good friends can encourage teenagers to do well in school, get involved in positive activities, eat healthy foods, and avoid drugs, alcohol, and other risky activities. Friends also help teenagers learn good social skills and better ways to communicate and work out problems. They always give teenagers good advice. Negative peer pressure is when teenagers feel pressured to do something they know is wrong, such as smoking, drinking, stealing, or cutting class._3_This is because they want to be liked or fit in, they are afraid of being made fun of, or they want to try something other teenagers are doing.It is important for teenagers to learn how to deal with peer pressure. There are a lot of things a teenager can do to handle it._4_Good friends use positive peer pressure to help you be your best self. Also you need to think about the consequences of your decisions and actions, such as if an activity might harm your health or get you into trouble. Or you can talk to your parents or a trusted adult about the kinds of peer pressure you face and listen to their advice. Remember that if just one teenager stands up against negative peer pressure, usually others will join him or her, and learning to handle peer pressure gives teenagers more confidence.(六)A. Make choices that are right for you.B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.D. And examine the findings of the original research.E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.Evaluating Sources of Health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 1 Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome；this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 2 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 3 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery (江湖骗术). 4 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.(七)A. Generally speaking, there are clear differences.B. Their preference for building systems may change over time.C. You can see the same kind of pattern in the adult workplace.D. They will consider many sources of information at the same time.E. It is important to stress that the female brain may be built more for empathy.F. Others may think the theory creates a belief of what a particular type of person is like.They Just Cant Help ItMy theory is that the female brain is mainly built for empathy the ability to understand other people and that the male brain is mainly built for building systems. 1 For example, women are more likely to read magazines on fashion and parenting, while men will choose magazines that feature computers and sport.You may think that these preferences are influenced by the way people are taught to behave when they are growing up. However, this is not the case.A new study carried out at Cambridge University shows that newborn girls look longer at a face, and newborn boys look longer at a mobile. That suggests certain differences between male and female brains are biological. It has also been observed (that girls are better at noticing signs of changes in other peoples feelings. Boys, however, seem to enjoy building toy towers and playing with toys which have clear functions. 2 _ People whose jobs are in the construction industries are almost male. Math and engineering, which require high levels of systems-thinking, are also male-chosen disciplines.Why do men and women have the difference? Actually women have four times as many brain neurons (神经) that connect the right and left part of their brains. Because of it, women have a better ability to multitask than men. 3 Men tend to focus on a limited number of problems at a time. They will separate themselves from problems and view tasks as independent from one another.Some people may worry that I am suggesting one gender is better than the other, but this is not the case. My theory says that males and females differ in the kinds of things that they find easy, but that both genders have their strengths and weaknesses. 4 It is not true. The study simply looks at males and females as two groups, and asks what differences exist, and why they are there.（八）A. For these people, saying NO to others is often of much anxiety. B. It reviews your work, your love, your play, until it finds an imperfection.C. Comparing anxiety with depression helps to discuss possible cures for anxiety.D. These three common emotions are considered the cause of most mental illnesses.E. If you are anxious about the work, you might get to the office an hour earlier every day.F. You find yourself waking up anxious, going through the day anxious and going to bed anxious.Anxiety is your mental watchman. Its