《翻译理论与技巧》练习题库.docx

华中师范大学网络学院翻译理论与技巧练习测试题在下列句中空白处填上合适的词语。每空1分。共10分。 1翻译是跨（ ）、跨（ ）、跨（ ）的交际活动。 2篇章的粘连分（ ）粘连和（ ）粘连两大类，粘连的目的是实现篇章的（ ）。 3社会符号学的翻译标准是（ ）相符、（ ）相似。 4格赖斯的（ ）原则和利奇的（ ）原则是促使语言交际成功的语用原则。 5. 社会符号学翻译法以韩礼德所述的语言的社会符号性为根据，以符号学的意义观为核心。语言符号具备三种意义，它们是（ ）意义、（ ）意义和（ ）意义。6. 语言对比是研究语言在（ ）中产生的意义。7. 泰特勒在翻译的原则一书中提出了著名德三原则：A译文应完整地再现原文的（ ）。B译文的（ ）（ ）应与原文的性质相同。C译文应像原文一样（ ）。8. 汉语语法呈（ ）性，英语语法呈（ ）性。9. 严复的三字翻译标准是_、_、_。 10. 鲁迅认为翻译标准可以用_和_这四个字来表示。 11翻译的过程是_、_和_。 12英语翻译成汉语时，英语称之为_，汉语称之为_。 13翻译按其工作方式来分，有_ _ _三种。 14许渊冲提倡文学翻译要做到_、_和_。 15在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，有保持原文的形式特别是保持原文的比喻、形象和民族地方色彩等，这种译法叫做_。 16把原文中两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个单句是_法。17翻译按其处理方式来分，有_、_和_。18翻译是“从语义到文体在译入语中用最（ ）而又最（ ）的对等语再现原语的（ ）。”19从翻译的手段来看，翻译可分为（ ）、（ ）和（ ）。20鲁迅先生认为：“凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然力求其（ ），一则保存着原作的（ ）。”21由于文化上的差异，英译汉时有时直译原文就会使译入语读者感到费解，甚至误解。这时，就有必要借用汉语中意义相同或相近、且具有自己文化色彩的表达法对原文加以（ ）。22傅雷先生认为：“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在（ 形似 ）而在（ ）。23. 钱钟书先生提出：“文学翻译的最高标准是（ ）。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既不能因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算得入（ ）”。 24从涉及到的语言符号来看，翻译可分为（ ）翻译、（ ）翻译、和（ ）翻译。25所谓功能指语言所具有的种种社会功能。英国翻译理论家彼得纽马克将其分为6种：（ ）功能、（ ）功能、（ ）功能、美感功能、酬应功能和元语言功能。26将 “He is armed to the teeth.”译成“他全副武装”，采用的是（ ）的方法；将其译成“他武装到了牙齿”，采用的是（ ）的方法。判断各例画线部分译文恰当如否。如译文恰当，就在后面括号中打；译文不恰当，就在后面括号中打。每题2分，共10分。 1对外开放取得新近展。1990年共批准“三资”企业99家，全省“三资”企业已达284家。（ ） New progress has been made in the process of opening to the outside world. In 1990, the province approved 99 “Three Forms of Ventures”, the total number of which reached 284. 2我们要培养出适应社会主义现代化需要的一代“四有新人”。（ ） We must bring forth a new generation of well-educated and self-disciplined people with lofty ideals and moral integrity, such as are necessary for our socialist modernization drive. 3这次旅游可选择的地方有北京、上海或西安。（ ） The places this tour can choose are Beijing, Shanghai and Xian. 4不是所有的金属都具有同样好的导电性能。（ ） All metals do not conduct electricity equally well. 5大会将于今年十二月在北京隆重开幕。（ ） The meeting will begin the following December in Beijing ceremoniously.6. 在农村，特别是比较偏僻落后的农村，还残存着少数包办买卖婚姻的陋习。 （ ） In Chinas more remote and backward rural areas, corrupt practices exist in the form of forced marriage 7. 我给你打国际直拨就跟给楼下的李姐打电话差不多，一拨就通。（ ） An international phone to you is as easy as a call to Sister Li downstairs.8. 我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。（ ） We have won one victory after another for our cause9. 从这次讲座中，我们学到了许多美国历史方面的知识。（ ） We studied much knowledge of American history from the lecture.10. 她觉得她再也不能忍受她丈夫的侮辱。（ ） She feels that she cannot stand her husbands insult any longer.11He is green with jealousy.他因为嫉妒而发绿。 （ ）John likes to pat himself on the back.约翰喜欢捶自己的背。（ ）He wished to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.他想写一篇文章，以便能引起公众对这件事的关注。（ ） 14A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. 我们往往可以从一个人交怎样的朋友以及阅读怎样的书籍去看他的为人。这是因为人与人之间有友谊，同样，人与书之间也有友谊。人们应该经常生活在与最好的书以及最好的人的友谊之中。（ ） 15We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars. 我们反对一切战争，特别是王朝战争。 （ ） But the youngest brother was able to fulfill his modest ambition.（ ）但最小的儿子却实现了他那谦逊的野心。 The baby was brought up on the bottle. （ ）这个婴儿是喝牛奶长大的。 18A small white-headed boy with a sunburnt face appeared at the door while the schoolmaster was speaking, and stopping there to make a rustic bow, came in, and took his seat. （ ） 老师正在讲话时，一个淡黄色头发、脸被晒成棕色的小男孩在门口出现了。他停在门口老老实实地鞠了个躬，就进来坐下。 19I have no opinion of him. （ ） 我对他没有意见。 20His failure made a mockery of the teachers great efforts to help him. （ ） 他考试没有及格，老师辅导他的一番心血白费了。 Speaker Jim Wright brushes tears away as he throws in the towel yesterday in D. C.发言人吉姆赖特于昨日在华府挥泪认输。 （ ）It would have been only courteous to kneel at the proper time, as all did, since I had voluntarily come to the church.既然我来教堂出于自愿，仅仅为了礼貌起见，我应该和大家一起下跪。（ ）We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars. 我们反对一切战争，特别是王朝战争。 （ ）24. The naughty boy is far from honest and his excuse is pretty thin. 这个调皮的男孩很不诚实，他的借口很薄弱。（ ）25It is a good man that never stumbles, and a good wife that never grumbles. 好丈夫也有过失，好妻子也会唠叨。 （ ）三译文比较。下列各例均有两种译文。把你认为较好的译文（A或B）填写在每例后的括号里。每题2分，共10分。如： 明年将出版更多的书籍。( B ) ANext year will publish a greater number of new books. BA greater number of new books will be published next year.语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。( )The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.Language is something one cannot master it without painstaking effort.老王说，他没着了。( )Old Wang said he was at the end of his tether.Old Wang said he had no scheme at all. 3第二天早晨，她腋下挟着几本书回来了。( )The next morning, she came back with some books under her arm.The next morning, she carried some books under her arm and came back. 4利用煤和石油可以制成各种各样的东西。( )A use of coal and oil can produce all sorts of useful things.All sorts of useful things can be produced from coal and oil. 5新的一年才过了一个月，经济改革又出现了新的高潮。( )The new year was barely one month old when it witnessed the latest flourish of the economic reform.The new year has passed just one month, the economic reform has reached a new climax. 6. 但我的事现在搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。( )ABut there has been too much publicity about my case.BBut now everybody in the city knows about my thing.7. 争取运动成绩与精神文明双丰收。( )AFor better athletic records and sportsmanship.BFor a good harvest both in sports and morals.8. 他做实验时心不在焉，几乎引起化学药物爆炸。( )AHe was absent-minded during the experiments, that nearly caused an explosion of the chemical.BHis absent-mindedness during the experiments nearly caused an explosion of the chemical.9. 长飞公司严格执行自上而下的一条线管理和自下而上的一条线汇报制度，确保了公司高效率快节奏的运转。( )AThe strict management and report system have been carefully enforced, which ensures Changfei Corporation to run efficiently.BChangfei Corporation has carefully enforced strict management and a report system, ensures it to run efficiently.10. 她抱怨名单上没有她的名字。( )AShe complaint that the list did not have her name.BShe complaint about the omission of her name from the list.11It is already two years since he was Secretary General of the U. N. ( ) A. 他担任联合国秘书长以来已经有两年了。B他不担任联合国秘书长已经有两年了。12If you think me in a way to be happier than I deserve, I am quite of your opinion. （ ） A如果你认为我的幸福来之太易，受之有愧，那我完全同意你的看法。B如果你认为我生活幸福得超过我所值，那我完全同意你的看法。13Ill live a little before it is too late. （ ）在太晚之前，我要生活一下。我要好好享受一下生活，不然就太晚了。 14Peter was an ambitious guy who always tried to squeeze into the upper class. （ ）A彼得野心勃勃，他一心想挤进上流社会。B彼得雄心勃勃，他总是试图挤进上流社会。 15Electric power became the servant of man only after the motor was invented. （ ） A只是在电动机发明之后，电力才成了人类的仆人。B只是在电动机发明之后，电力才开始造福于人类。16. People sometimes expect gratitude when they arent entitled to it. （ ）A有时人们在没有权利这么做的时候，也希望别人感激他们。B人们有时希望别人感激他们，尽管他们没有权利要求别人这么做。 17Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water. ( ) A冰是一种固体。如果我们给它加热，它就融化变成水。 B冰是固体。如果加热，就融化成水。18The local press challenged the license of the TV station. （ ）A当地报纸要求吊销那家电视台的执照。B当地报纸挑战那家电视台的执照。 19And I suppose shell tell all the boys, the old cat. ( )A我想她会告诉所有的男人，这只老猫！B我想她会告诉所有的男人，这个长舌的老太婆！ 20In the modern world salt has many uses beyond the dining table. （ ）A在现代世界上，盐除了供食用外，还有许多其他用途。B在现代世界上，盐除了用在餐桌上，还有许多其他用途。21. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night （ ） A. 我们知道，猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。 B. 我们知道，比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多光线的猫眼睛在夜里能看得很清楚。 22He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom. （ ）A. 我们又一次领教了他渊博的知识、丰富的经验和无穷的智慧。B. 他又一次将他伟大的知识、经验和智慧传授给了我们。23John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well. （ ） A. 约翰是个颇有侵略性的推销员，他工作干得很出色。 B. 约翰是个积极肯干的推销员，他工作干得很出色。24There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of the imperialists. （ ） A. 帝国主义者兼有虎和猿的特征。 B. 帝国主义者的性格有残暴的一面，也有狡猾的一面。25We recognize that Chinas long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth. （ ） A. 我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。 B. 我们认识到，中国的长期现代化可以理解地、也十分必要地以发展经济为重点。四将下列英语句子译成汉语，汉语句子译成英语。每句4分，共20分。 1如果我们抓住并利用这些机会，武汉的工业将会有灿烂的明天。 2这两个国家不是用战争，而是以和平友好的方式解决了争端。 3农民的生活水平不断提高，大部分农民已解决了温饱问题，不少农民已过上小康生活。4我们一定要努力工作，不辜负全国人民和全世界人民对我们的期望。 5以前人们认为原子是最小的元素，现在才知道原子还可以分为原子核 (nuclei)与电子(electron)、中子(neutron)与质子(proton)。6. 我们期望在不久的将来中国人能受到更好的教育。7. 他动身去美国前，给美国的一位朋友拍了封电报，把自己的到达时间了他。8. 无条件最惠国待遇(unconditional most-favored-nation treatment)的原则是中国寻求重新加入关贸总协定(GATT)的主要考虑之一。9. 这个病人的死，毫无疑问是医生的治疗不当造成的。10. 上海大众汽车公司(Shanghai Volkswagen)是一家中德合资企业，去年汽车产量为十万辆，预计今年产量可再增加五万辆。11While it may seem to be painting the lily, I should like to add somewhat to Mr. Alistair Cookes excellent article.12In the West hed spend a third of his time in the poolhall, a third in jail, and a third in the public library.13The United Nations Organization has not, so far, justified the hope which the people of the world set on it.14His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.15What you are saying will not make any difference to me, so you may as well keep your breath to cool your porridge.16. The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man.17. Lightening danced across the horizon, accompanied by low, rumbling thunder. 18Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. 19Hygeia herself would have fallen sick under such a regimen; and how much more this poor old nervous victim?20Its not easy to become a member of that clubthey want people who have plenty of money to spend, not just every Tom, Dick, and Harry.21Nationalized by a Labour government in 1951, the British steel industry was denationalized by the Conservatives in 1953, then renationalized by Labour in 1967.22Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always looking at him when he awakened.23In the West hed spend a third of his time in the poolhall, a third in jail, and a third in the public library.24An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.25But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.五翻译下列短文。（任选一篇）共50分。 1中国之所以坚持独立自主的和平外交立场，是因为在历史上她百年来饱受帝国主义侵略战争带来的苦难，更珍惜今天来之不易的和平生活，更同情与支持各国人民共同努力维护世界和平。中国是个发展中国家，正致力于通过改革开放，加快社会主义现代化建设，努力提高人民生活水平。为了实现既定的经济社会发展规划与目标，中国不仅需要国内的安定，也需要有一个和平的国际环境，特别是和平的周边环境，可以说这种愿望与世界各国人民的和平愿望是一致的。人们都知道，当今世界面临和平与发展两大课题，各国人民都希望有一个安宁平静的和平环境，以发展经济，改善生活。只有如此才能和平保障发展，发展促进和平。 2孙子兵法(The Art of War)历来被尊为兵经，号称兵学鼻祖。英、美、法、日、俄等世界许多国家都有孙子兵法译本，广泛流传，得到一致好评，享有崇高地位。 日本企业家(entrepreneurs)最早将孙子兵法用于经济活动和企业管理，将军事战略原则用于企业战略和企业竞争，使日本经济在战后一片废墟上迅速崛起，成为世界经济大国。 今天，东南亚成为世界经济最高增长区，欧美各国经济增长速度滞后。欧美各国研究这一经济现象时，发现它与中华文化背景紧密相关。 从此，世界上又掀起一个研究孙子兵法的热潮。不但将孙子兵法的原则用于最现代化的海湾战争，同时将它用于世界各国企业之间的经济战。3Some people would say that the Englishmans home is no longer his castle; that it has become his workshop. This is partly because the average Englishman is keen on working with his hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another, that he must do for himself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. The main reason for this is a financial one: the high cost of labour has meant that builders and decorators costs have reached a level which makes them prohibitive for house-proud English people of modest means. So, if they wish to keep their houses looking bright and smart, they have to tackle some of the repairs and decorating themselves. As a result, there has grown up in the post-war years what is sometimes referred to as the “Do-It-Yourself Movement.” The “Do-It-Yourself Movement” began with home decorating but has since spread into a much wider field. Nowadays there seem to be very few things that cannot be made by the “do-it-yourself” method. A number of magazines and handbooks exist to show hopeful handymen of all ages just how easy it is to build anything from a coffee table to a fifteen foot (4.5 metres) sailing dinghy（小舟）. All you need, it seems, is a hammer and a few nails. You follow the simple instructions step-by-step and, before you know where you are, the finished article stands before you, complete in every detail.4. The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised（临时而作）by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interest is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed. To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates（加重）the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. 5. College Pressure （I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villainsto blame the colleges for charging too much money, the