湖南省茶陵县高中英语Unit3Tomorrow’sWorldGrammar教案牛津译林版.docx

Unit 3 Tomorrows World Grammar被动语态用法小结【语境展示】1. The three words are pronounced in the same way.2. They were given a warm send-off at the airport.3. The matter will be looked into in the future.4. I didnt expect that I would be asked to speak.5. The children are being taken care of by their aunt.6. A new supersonic aircraft was being designed.7. They have been warned not to swim there.8. He told me that the factory had been closed down.【归纳】语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态常用于以下几种情况：1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：Printing was introduced into Europe from China.2. 不必提到动作的执行者。如：Such things are not done twice.3. 强调或侧重动作的承受者。如：The girl is liked by everybody.一、被动语态的构成被动语态的基本形式是“be + V-ed 形式”。通过改变be 的时态，可以构成不同时态的被动语态。二、各个时态的被动语态的构成1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am / is / are + V-ed 形式(如例句1)2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was / were + V-ed 形式(如例句2)3. 一般将来时的被动语态：will + be + V-ed 形式(如例句3)4. 一般过去将来时的被动语态：would + be + V-ed形式(如例句4)5. 现在进行时的被动语态：am / is / are + being +V-ed形式(如例句5)6. 过去进行时的被动语态：was / were + being +V-ed形式(如例句6)7. 现在完成时的被动语态：has / have + been +V-ed形式(如例句7)8. 过去完成时的被动语态：had + been + V-ed 形式(如例句8)其他时态或没有被动语态，或极少用被动语态。三、一些特殊结构的被动形式1. 双宾动词的被动结构。有些双宾动词（如give，lend，offer，send，show，tell 等）可用于被动结构，在多数情况下都把间接宾语变为主语，而把直接宾语保留下来。有时也可把直接宾语变为主语，把间接宾语改为to 引导的短语。如：I was given a gift on my birthday.A gift was given to me on my birthday.2.“be + V-ed形式+ 动词不定式”结构。如：She is reported to have broken a world record.3.“情态动词+ be + V-ed形式”结构。如：This cant be done in a short time.4.“get + V-ed形式”结构。如：Hundreds of people get killed every year by traffic on the roads.5.“it + be + V-ed 形式+ that 引导的从句”结构。常用于此类结构的动词有believe，know，prove，report，say，suppose 等。如：It is reported that he was driving carelessly.四、在用被动语态时应注意的几个问题1. 在被动语态中，动作发出者往往置于by 之后。但在不必指出动作发出者是谁、动作发出者并不重要或很难指出动作发出者是谁时，一般不提及动作发出者。如：The match had to be put off because of bad weather.2. 一些感官动词（如feel，hear，look，notice，see，watch 等）及使役动词（如make，let，have 等）在主动语态中一般跟不带to 的动词不定式，但在被动语态中to不可省去。如：We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar.3. 有些动词可用主动结构来表达被动意义，这类句子的主语通常是指物的，具有某些内在的特征，能够促使动词所表示的动作得以实现或难以实现。如：My voice doesnt carry well.This box doesnt close properly.This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.【即学即用】用所给动词的适当形式补全下列句子。1. Its said that the long bridge _ (build) in two months.2. As far as I know, the injured workers _ (treat) at a local hospital now.3. Many trees and flowers _ (plant) in our school last year.4. Sorry to bother you, but you _ (want) on the phone by a man named Smith.5. The chairman said that he _ (invite) to visit America before long.6. The window which _ (break) for a week was repaired yesterday.7. The man turned round from time to time to see if he _ (follow).8. The meeting of the old classmates _ (plan) since the new year._Key:1