2018届高三英语一轮总复习专题1.1Friendship真题回放含解析.docx

专题1.1 Friendship【真题回放】1. (2017北京）The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A.that B. as C. where D. when【答案】A【解析】句意：我们日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是形成伟大发明的灵感。关系代词that引导定语从句，并且在定语从句中作meet 的宾语。B、C、D三项无此用法。2.（2017江苏）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of_purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A.which B.its C.whose D.whom 【答案】C3. (2017天津）9. My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A.that B. whose C. his D. who【答案】B【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句，关系代词whose引导定语从句并且在定语从句中作work的定语,that,who在定语从句中不能作定语，his不能引导定语从句，故选B。 4. (2017天津）5. Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids.A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in【答案】A考点：考查动词短语。【名师点睛】辨析动词短语没有捷径，只有加强平时的记忆，包括动词本身的含义、一词多义以及词组的搭配，做题时要弄懂句意和上下文的逻辑关系再进行判断。学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。5. (2017天津）11. It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.A. who B. where C. which D. that【答案】D考点：考查强调句型。【名师点睛】判断一句话是否是强调句的一个方法是去掉强调结构，如果这句话还能够成立就是强调句，例如这道题，去掉强调结构后是when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors，这句话是成立的，所以本句是强调句。考生除了需要掌握强调句的一般形式，还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问式和特殊疑问式，还有强调句中的语序问题。6. (2016北京)22. I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.A. whose B. why C. where D. which【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。考点：考查定语从句7.(2016江苏)23.Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。故C项正确。考点：考查定语从句8.( 2016天津)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when【答案】D【解析】考点：考查定语从句。9.( 2016浙江)11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of _ has been proved.A. whom B. which C. what D. that【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。考点：考查定语从句。10. 2017全国I（语法填空）第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food _67_ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。61. as 考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为，以身份”，故填as。66. worse 考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。67. is 考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。68. eating 考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词、动名词，所以填eating。69. careful 考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。70. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。11. 2017全国卷 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！答案Mr. and Mrs. Zhang work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are in planting vegetables in their garden, is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up and water the vegetables together. They have also bought some gardening tools. , they often get some useful from the internet. When summer , they will invite their students pick the vegetables！4.that改为which:考查非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句需要用which引导，故将that改为which。5.earlier改为early：考查副词，earlier是形容词比较级，不能修饰动词get up, 故将earlier改为early。6.将for去掉：考查动词，bought是及物动词，后无需跟介词，故将for去掉。7.beside改为besides：考查连接词，beside是介词，“在旁边”，而这里需要一个连接词，故将beside改为rmations改为information：考查名词，information是不可数名词，故将informations改为information.9.came改为comes：考查时态，本文全篇为一般现在时，故将came改为comes。10.pick改为to pick：考查动词，本句出现了两个动词，所以要将第二个动词变为非谓语动词，又根据句意：摘新鲜的蔬菜是目的，所以把第二个动词变为to do不定式的形式表目的，故将pick前加上to。12. 2017全国高考英语III（语法填空）第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning 6500 a day as 62 model in New York. She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture. Sarah says, My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Sarah Thomas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她认为在青少年时期要把学业放在首位。66. education 考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。67. invitations 考查名词单复数。several修饰可数名词复数形式，故填invitations。【名师点睛】语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。无提示词的空一般要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等，如果是物主代词，则空后需跟名词，比如66题。而有提示词的需要根据语境，分析句子结构，判断所填词的词性，再确定所填词的形式。例如67题，several是修饰复数名词的词，所以判断后面用名词的复数形式。【导学案】单词识记1. _(adj.)松的；松开的反义词_ (adj.)紧的2. _ (n.)十几岁的青少年3. _(adv.)在户外，在野外 _(反义词)在屋内，在室内4. _(adv.)完全地；全然地；整个地_(adj.)完全的，全然的5. _(adv.)确实如此；正是；确切地_ (adj.)精确的，确切的6. _ (n.)提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费7. _(n. & v)不喜欢，厌恶_ (反义词)喜欢8. _ (n.)连续，系列，套 _一系列的，一套9. _(adj.)感激的；表示谢意的 _ 感谢；感激10. _ (vi. & vt. )捆扎；包装；打行李 (n.)小包；包裹 _ 把.装箱打包11. _ (vt.)无知；忽视_ (adj.)不学无术的，无知的 _不理睬某人/某事12. _(vi.)不同意_(n.)不赞成 _不同意某人的观点/想法13. _ (vi. & vt.)痊愈；恢复；重新获得_(n.)恢复；治愈_从中恢复14. _(vt.)增加；添加；补充说_ (n.)附加，附加物，加法_(adj.)附加的15. _(vt.& vi.)使定居；安排，解决_ (n.)殖民，定居，解决_