八下英语1-5知识点讲与练.doc

八年级下册Unit 1 1. I think there will be more / less pollution. fewer 与less及more表数量的用法。few（形容词）“几乎没有，很少的”，修饰可数名词。 “few”带否定含义，“几乎没有”。He has few friends here. There will be fewer trees. （2）little”），修饰不可数名词。其比较级、最高级为不规则变化：littlelessleast。“a little”表“一些”，“little”带否定含义，“几乎没有”。例：Theres little food left. We have to buy some. Theres a little water in the cup. （3）many“许多”，修饰可数名词。much“许多”，修饰不可数名词。 4. in与 after的区别1）after以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间以后，常用于过去时态的句子。例如： They started working after lunch. 2）in以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。如： They will start working in half an hour. 5. fall in love with 爱上 fall fell fallen feel felt felt.6alone adj.（只作表语） adv. 独自；单独 I went to the movies alone，I felt lonelyalone 表示“单独的，独自一人的”，不含感情色彩.做形容词时，只能在be动词或系动词之后做表语。与lonely不同，lonely表示“孤独的，寂寞的”含有丰富的感情色彩.lonely做形容词时，可做定语和表语。如: a lonely village 孤寂的村庄.！7keep vt. vi. keep在本课中做“饲养；喂养”讲，相当于feed。（2）继续；持续：They kept walking. 他们继续步行。8.That may not seem possible now. seem 是连系动词,意为“似乎”“好像”“看上去”,用来表示说话人内心的有一定依据的推测判断或猜想其主要用法如下: 1. seem 后面接动词不定式 to do ，构成固定词组：seem to do sth”似乎要.”2. “It seems/seemed that.从句.”: It seemed that you were lying. 2） There be结构There will be a meeting this afternoon.注意:be不能换成have及have的变化形式。There is a desk, two chairs and three benches in the room. There are two chairs, a desk and three benches in the room. 八年级下册Unit 2 What should I do? 一丶重点短语1argue v争论；争吵 argue with sb与某人吵架 I argued with my best friend 2 either adv.（用于否定句）也例: My father seemed to know the news. 3ask （sb）for sth向某人寻求某物；要 4the same as. 与相同 （注意前后两个比较对象的属性保持一致）5except 除以外；（不包括在内） All the students went to the park except him 注意区别：besides 除以外，还有.（包括在内） We all went there besides him( He went thereWe went there, too) There are five more visitors besides me.加上我是6个注意：Whats the matter with you?= Whats wrong with you ?=Whats the trouble with you? 7get on（well） with sb与某人相处（融洽） get on ( well ) with sth 某事进展地好How are you getting on with your new friends? 8have a fight with sb fight with sb与某人打架 三、词语辨析 1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物 （借回来）lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth 把某物借给某人 （借出去） 2. get sb. to do 使做（以人为对象时，有“说服使做”的含义） ask sb. to do 邀请（人）做 We asked her to come to our party. tell sb. to do让某人做某事 例如： 3、be in style 时髦的，流行的 be out of style 过时的，不时髦的 四、课文解释1、I dont want to surprise him. 此处surprise是及物动词 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊 eg. My friend always surprises me.2、talk about it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信5、give him a ticket to a ball game. (注意to 译为：.的)6、She has the same haircut as I do.。eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does. 7、find out （经过某人的研究、努力）发现，查出，找出8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.此句中else一词不能单独使用，它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”9、I cant think what I did wrong. what I did wrong是宾语从句，应用陈述语序 （即 ：主语+动词）10、Im very upset and dont know what to do.what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I dont know what I should do.”背熟以下两个常见结构：I dont know what to do .我不知道该做什么。 I dont know how to do it. 我不知道该怎么去做它。12、You left your homework at home.13、You should try to be funny. Try to do努力做，试着做，尽量做14、Their school days are busy enough. eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。15、be under too much pressure.16、see other children doing a lot of things see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事 （强调动作正在进行）See sb do sth 看见某人做过某事 （强调动作已结束）17、find it hard to do sth. 发现做（事）很难 He found it hard to learn math well. Unit 3 what were you doing when the UFO arrived? 【重难点分析】一. 过去进行时1. 过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有：at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句。如：What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 特点 ：while之后的从句一般用：进行时态（be+doing） When之后的从句一般用：过去时态 【注：本特点不是while和when的全部用法，更多的用法会在以后的学习中见到】二. 情态动词(Modal Verbs ) must 用于表示“必须”、“务必”注：以must引导的一般疑问句，否定回答习惯上用 No，you neednt或 dont have to三. 重点词汇 9happen v发生注：happen 常用于以下两个结构：sth. happen to +名词 ：发生于身上happen to do sth 碰巧做某事 She hoped nothing bad would happen to him 10get out of 从出去11run away 跑开；迅速离开；逃走The thief ran away when someone noticed him12at the doctors 在诊所；在医院Im thinking of going to the tailors表示诊所、店铺或某人的家时，经常用名词所有格的形式。Mr. Cools = Mr. Cools clothes store at Jasons = at Jasons storeShe is staying at Marys I want to go to the tailors. 13. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做(过)某事 she saw the alien get out. 14. 感叹句是英语的一种重要的句型，用来表示人的强烈感情。一般说来，感叹句是由what或how引导，句末用感叹号. 感叹句结构为：What a/an + adj(形容词） + n（名词） +（主+谓） What +adj(形容词) +名词复数 + （主+谓） What +adj(形容词) +不可数名词 + （主+谓）How +adj/adv+ （主+谓）四词语辨析 1、in front of 与in(at) the front of eg. She sat in the front of the bus. 3、be amazing与be amazed be amazing 令人惊奇的-修饰事物的，指某事令人惊奇，比surprising更具意外性 e.g.:She has an amazing talent for music. Isnt that amazing . be amazed (at sth./to do /that 从句)（某人）对(因而)大感惊讶(指人作主语) eg. We were amazed at the news.=We were amazed to hear the news.4、be surprising与 be surprised be surprising令人惊奇的（用法与be amazing一样，也是修饰事物的） e.g.:a surprising ending be surprised (at sth./to do/that从句) （某人）对(因而)感到惊奇，用法与be surprised 一样，也是人作主语。 eg. They were surprising that he was badly hurt in the audient. 5、in a tree与 on a tree在树上（指长在树上的东西）eg. Are there any birds in the tree? Look! There are many apples on the tree. 6、my flight to New York 与 fly to New York 前者是一个名词短语，后者是一个动词短语。 eg. Her flight to Paris is taking off at 2 p.m. She is flying to Paris at 2 p.m. 五.课文解释： 1. You can imagine how strange it was! eg. You can imagine how fast he runs! 2. I followed it to see where it was going follow sb. to do sth. 跟随去做 eg. Mr White followed his wife to see what was happening there. 3. She didnt think about looking outside the station. Think about (doing) sth. 4. say to sb. 对某人 say to oneself 自言自语 e.g.: He said to himself, “Dont be afraid.” 5. look for 寻找（强调找的“过程”） find 找到（强调找的“结果”） eg. He looked for his lost key everywhere but couldnt find it. 6. It was difficult to get out of bed. It is difficult/hard to do sth. 做某事很难。 He found that it was difficult to learn physics well. 【词汇学习】 1mad adj极为愤怒的；十分恼火的 She was mad at me for losing my keys 2anymore adv再；还（用于否定句） He doesnt come here anymore 3however adv无论如何 He can answer the question however hard it is 8be supposed to 认为必须；认为应该 You are supposed to be successful 9get mad 变疯；变得着迷 She gets mad about going to dance 10get over 恢复，克服困难 Can we get over this difficulty? 11. first of all 首先 12. pass on 传递 13.be supposed to 被期望或被要求 14. do better in 在.方面做得更好 15. be in good health 身体健康 16. report card 成绩单 17.get over/get over it 克服；恢复；原谅 18. open up 打开；开拓；开发；开放 19. care for 照料；照顾 20have a party for sb. 为某人举行一次聚会 21be mad at sb 对某人恼火，愤怒【重点句型分析】 1. What are some soap operas you know? you know是定语从句，修饰前面的名词soap operas 2. What are some things that happen on soap operas? That happen on soap operas 是定语从句，修饰前日面的名字something. 3. Lana said she wasnt mad at Marcia anymore. be mad at (with) sb. 对某人恼火 be mad at (about) sth. (doing sth.) 对某事恼火 eg. Mother got mad at (with) me for watching TV for hours. （此处的got mad at = was mad at） not anymore 不再 eg. She didnt cry anymore. 她不再哭了。 4. bring some books to her house. bring sth. to 从（远处）带来，拿来（到近处） 而其反义词为：take to “从（近处）拿（走）到（远处） eg. Could you bring some water to me? Please take the chair to Jims room. pass this message to sb. pass on sth. to sb 把某物传递给某人 eg. She said she would pass the dictionary to Tom. You want to know why C didnt return it and where it is.此句中why C didnt return it and where it is是宾语从句作know的宾语,请注意宾语从句的语序。（陈述语序） 7You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it. be supposed to do 被期望，应该(做) eg. He is supposed to be there on time. 【课文解析】1. In English, Im better at reading than listening. be better at doing (than doing)是be good at 的比较级，意思为“更擅长” eg. Are they better at playing football than basketball? 2. I can do better in math.在数学方面我能做得更好。 better 是well的比较级 do well in 在方面做得好 eg. Does she do well in physics? 3. I finished my end of year exams last week. 我上周结束了期末考试。 finish doing sth eg. Did he finish doing his homework before he went to bed? 4. I had a really hard time with science this semester. 5. Its not right to copy others homework. 抄袭别人的作业是不对的。 请记住这一句型：Its right for sb to do 6. I said I didnt think it was a good idea for her to copy ma homework. 注意1：此句中的三个动词都是过去时，即时态的一致性 注意 2：中英文语序（否定词的位置）的不同 7. She said it was much better if she din her own work. much +比较级，意思是“得多” e.g. He runs much faster than I. 8. Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not sound like fun to you. 此句中may+ 动词原形，表示“可能” sound like +名词，意思为“听起来像” 9. Every year they send 100 volunteers to teach in Chinas rural areas. send to 派，送到 10. Her village was 2000 meters above sea level. Above 介词. “在上面” above sea level”海平面”11. the thin air made her feel sick make sb. do 使某人干某事（此处只能用动词原形，不能+to） 12.They love having volunteer teachers there. love doing (to do) 13.There often isnt money for education. 14. I can open up my students eyes to the outside world. 我能开阔学生们的视野，把他们带到外部世界。 15. give them a good start in life give sb. sth.给某人某物 =give sth to sb16. She said she likes being a good influence in the childrens lives. 17. Yang Lei enjoyed her time as a volunteer very much. 18. care for “Mother Earth” 关心“地球母亲” 19. care for wild animals in danger 关心处于危险中的野生动物 20. I cant do anything about that. 【词语辨析】 1. hard working 与work hard 前者是形容词，可作表语、定语；如：a hard-working student ; He is hard-working. 后者是一个动词短语，“努力工作”hard 是副词，修饰动作work. 2. forget to do 与forget doing 前者是“忘记做”(to do 表示将来的动作) e.g. Dont forget to call me. eg. Ill never forget seeing the musical in New York.我永远忘不了在纽约看过的那出歌舞喜剧。 【1. Betty asked me if I had been at home the day before.Betty asked me，“_ _ at home _?”2. She said that she had been back for a week.She said，“_ _ _ for a week.”3. Mr. Smith said that John had told him all about it three weeks before.八年级下册Unit 5 I语法小结一. if条件句： 用法：(1)条件状语从句通常由连词if引导，意为“如果、假如”.主句用shall或will。If you leave now, you will never regret it. (2)if “如果”，引导条件状语从句，if从句则用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。以上用法简称为“主将从现”。If it rains tomorrow, I wont climb the hills. If I go to college, I will never become a great soccer player.注意宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。宾语从句中的if译为“是否”,而本单元条件状语从句中的if译为“如果”I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. If it rains, I will have to stay at home我不知道明天是否会下雨.如果明天下雨的话，我将不得不呆在家里。二. 现在进行时表示将来的时间1. 用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词，如：go，come，leave，arrive等， 也可用于其他动作动词，如：We are having fish for dinner. We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. II.重点难点分析1. too much 和 much tootoo much 后接不可数名词，用来表示数量太多，意思是“太多了（数量多）”；much too后接形容词，用来说明程度的，意思是“太（程度深）”much too heavy 太重了 （表程度）错误：He has drunk much too water.正确：He has drunk too much water. 他喝了太多的水。2. be famous for 和 be famous asbe famous for表示“因而出名”， for后接表示出名的原因；be famous as则表示“作为而著名”，as 后接职业、身份或地位，表示作为职业、身份或地位是著名的，如：France is famous for its fine food and wine. Li Yang is famous as an English teacher 3. I want you to remember the rules for school parties.want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事4. travel around the world 周游世界 Her dream is to travel around China. 5. If we have it today, half the class wont come.wont 是 will not 的缩写，if 从句用一般现在时，主语用一般将来时。reasons for becoming a professional athlete for prep. （表示赞成、支持），其反义词为againstAre you for his plan or against it? Which team did you vote for? 7. reasons against becoming a professional athleteagainst prep. 反对，与对抗 注意：介词后面用名词或动词ing的形式 Are you against my plan? Our school played against No.1 Middle School at basketball yesterday. 8. begin the story with the words. begin with “以开始（开头）”The word begins with “s”. Does he know that a year begins with January?9. consequence 后果、结果 eg. We should consider the consequences before doing.10. have a great time 玩得高兴11. take away 运走，取走 eg. Dont take it away. Ill use it. 12. make a living谋生 eg.He makes living as a driver.13. make money 挣钱 eg. After he became famous, he made lots of money.14. let in 允许进入，嵌入 eg. Dont let the beggar in. III.课文详解1. For many young people, becom