历年英语专八改错真题.docx

历年专八短文改错试题2014年英语专八改错真题答案Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA)emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s.Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions(a前面加also)havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:(possessed改为captured)Isitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthesamesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage?(one前面加as)Whatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave(fact后面加that)moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?Whatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguages?Whatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe(language前面去掉the)acquisitionofanadditionallanguage?Whatsocio-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthelearningofadditionallanguages?Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall(去掉the)theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhaveonethingincommon:Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiringofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo(attempts改为attempting)so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acquiring”anadditionallanguage,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder(or改为and)focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofanindividual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesareinvolving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning(involving改为involved)oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntintheclassroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.(touch改为contact)2013年英语专八改错真题答案Psycho_linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocessesinvolvedinlanguage.Psycholinguisticsstudyunderstanding,productionandrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwith(1)_listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually(2)_happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccurately.(3)_Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage,(4)_younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptionalcircumstanceswemightbecomeawareofthecomplexity(5)_involved:ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit;ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced(6)_theirlanguage;ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage;if(7)_wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;orifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeetanyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexamples(8)_ofwhatmightbecalled“languageinexceptionalcircumstances”revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking,(9)_listening,writingandreading.Butgiventhatlanguageprocesseswerenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful(10)_duction改成producing2.去掉the3.去掉accurately前面的so4.looking改为look5.we前面加that6.去掉colleague后面的has7.their改成his8.anyone改成pure老师someone9.evolved改成involved10.were改成are2012年英语专八改错真题答案Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.Theargumenthasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst(1)_centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywritersfavouredcertainkindof“free”translation:thespirit,nottheletter;the(2)_sensenottheword;themessagerathertheform;thematternot(3)_themanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho(4)_wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19th(5)_century,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthatthelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguage(6)_wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible(7)_gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas(8)_literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe(9)_extreme“literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.Theargumentwastheoretical:thepurposeofthetranslation,thenatureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Too often,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwitheachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.(10)_ 1. going后加on2. 2.certain改为acertain3. 3.rather改为not4. 4.is改为was5. 5.in改为at6. 6.去掉第二个the7. 7.view后面加that8. 8.去掉was9.culminated后面加in10.and改为but2011年英语专八改错真题答案Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,IknewthatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofabout1_seventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidsowiththeconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthat2_soonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks.3_Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyears4_oneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.ForthisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondevelopeddisagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmy5_schooldays.Ihadthelonelychildshabitofmakingupstoriesandholdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfrom6_theverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof7_beingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwordsandapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreated8_asortofprivateworldwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailure9_ineverydaylife.Therefore,thevolumeofseriousi.e.seriously10_intended_writingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodandboyhoodwouldnotamounttohalfadozenpages.Iwrotemyfirstpoemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation.1.在grow后加up,考固定短语2.改consience为consciousness考词语区别，consience翻译为“良心，道德心”,consiousness翻译为“意识”3.改soon为sooner，soonerorlater是固定短语4.在child前加middle,考上下文理解。作者是三个孩子句中的那位5。改disagreeing为disagreeable，disagreeing只能作动名词，不能作形容词。disagreeablemannernisms令人讨厌的习惯6.改imaginative为imaginary,考词语区别imaginative翻译为“有想象力的”，imaginary翻译为“想象的，虚构的”7.改literal为literary,考词义区别，literal翻译为“字面的”，literary翻译为“文学方面的”8.去掉face后的in，face接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的基本用法9.在world后加in或者改which为where,考定语从句10.改Therefore为However或者Nevertheness,考语境。2010年英语专八改错真题答案Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequallycompleteandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:thatis,everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay1_ thethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.2_Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitive3_peoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notallgroupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsorpsychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnotthe4_ faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakaboutsnowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecanin5_English,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage(oneofthosesometimesmiscalledprimitive)isinherentlymorepreciseandsubtlethanEnglish.Thisexampledoesnotcometolightadefect6_inEnglish,ashowofunexpectedprimitiveness.ThepositionissimplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilar7_environments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichinterms8_ fordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhichEnglishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasimportant.9_Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufactureorcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimoslife.10_1.be后插入as;asas引导的比较级2.their改为its;its代替everylanguage3.There改为It;It此处作为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式4.Whereas改为But；语境需要表示转折的连词，whereas表示对比5.further改为muchfurther不能修饰比较级6.come改为bring;(sth)cometolight,bringsthtolightbringtolightthedefectofEnglish=bringthedefectofenglishtolight揭示英语的缺陷7.similar改为different;根据语境应该用different8.will改为would;虚拟语气9.asimportant去掉as;10thepart去掉the或者改the为abe/become/form(a)partof是固定短语2009年英语专八改错真题答案Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepassesfromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference(1)_betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthe(2)_littlelistenerhasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,oreven(3)_grandchildren.Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeandtransmittingitmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.With(4)_theplaygroundlore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassed(5)_onwithintheveryhouritislearnt;andinthegeneral,itpasses(6)_betweenchildrenofthesameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommonforthedifferenceinagebetweenplaymatestobemorethanfiveyears.If,therefore,aplaygroundrhymecanbeshowntohavebeencurrentlyforahundredyears,orevenjustforfifty,itfollowsthatit(7)_hasbeenretransmittedoverandover;verypossiblyithaspassed(8)_alongachainoftwoorthreehundredyounghearersandtellers,andthewonderisthatitremainsliveaftersomuchhandling,(9)_toletalonethatitbearsresemblancetothe(10)_答案分析：(1)thefurtherdifference改为afurtherdifference（此次应该用不定冠词表示泛指）(2)改when为until,结构not.until翻译为“直到才”(3)their改为his（代词与前文alittlelistener在单复数上保持一致）(4)something改为anything此处指二十到七十的任何时段(5)therefore改为however（根据上下文逻辑关系）(6)inthegeneral去掉the（习惯用法ingeneral表示总的来说，一般不用冠词）(7)currently改为current（这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词）(8)ithaspassed改为ithasbeenpassed（与分号前的被动保持一致）(9)live改为alivealive翻译为“鲜活的”，一般作补语；live翻译为“现场转播的；活的”，一般作定语(10)toletalone改为letalone(letalone为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说2008年英语专八改错真题答案Thedesiretouselanguageasasignofnationalidentityisaverynaturalone,andinresultlanguagehasplayedaprominent_1_partinnationalmoves.Menhaveoftenfelttheneedtocultivate_2_agivenlanguagetoshowthattheyaredistinctivefromanother_3_racewhosehegemonytheyresent.AtthetimetheUnitedStates_4_splitofffromBritain,forexample,therewereproposalsthatindependenceshouldbelinguisticallyacceptedbytheuseofa_5_differentlanguagefromthoseofBritain.Therewasevenone_6_proposalthatAmericansshouldadoptHebrew.OthersfavouredtheadoptionofGreek,though,asonemanputit,thingswouldcertainlybesimplerforAmericansiftheystuckontoEnglish_7_andmadetheBritishlearnGreek.Attheend,aseveryone_8_knows,thetwocountriesadoptedthepracticalandsatisfactorysolutionofcarryingwiththesamelanguageasbefore._9_Sincenearlytwohundredyearsnow,theyhaveshowntheworld_10_thatpoliticalindependenceandnationalidentitycanbecompletewithoutsacrificingtheenormousmutualadvantagesofacommonlanguage.1. inresult改成inconsequence，2. 2moves改成movements.3. distinctive改成distinct或different4. 4.在time后加when5.accepted改成realized6.those改成that7.删除on,8.At改成In9carryingwith改成carryingonwith10.now改成ago2007年英语专八改错真题答案Fromwhathasbeensaid,itmustbeclearthatnoonecanmakeverypositivestatementsabouthowlanguageoriginated.Thereisnomaterialinanylanguagetodayandintheearliest1_ recordsofancientlanguagesshowuslanguageinanewand2_emergingstate.Itisoftensaid,ofcourse,thatthelanguage3_originatedincriesofanger,fear,painandpleasure,andthe4_necessaryevidenceisentirelylacking:therearenoremotetribes,noancientrecords,providingevidenceofalanguagewithalargeproportionofsuchcries5_thanwefindinEnglish.Itistruethattheabsenceofsuchevidencedoesnotdisprovethetheory,butin6_othergroundstoothetheoryisnotveryattractive.Peopleofallracesandlanguagesmakerathersimilarnoisesinreturntopainorpleasure.Thefactthat7_suchnoisesaresimilaronthelipsofFrenchmenandMalaysianswhoselanguagesareutterlydifferent,servestoemphasizeonthefundamentaldifference8_betweenthesenoisesandlanguageproper.Wemaysaythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexactions,instinctivetolargeextent,9_whereaslanguageproperdoesnotconsistofsignsbutofthesethathavetobelearntandthatare10_whollyconventional.1,改and为or,anylanguagagestodayorrecordsofancientlanguages是并列成分，在否定句中用or2,改show为showing,现在分词作定语3，删除the,表示泛指4，改and为but,根据语境此处是转折5，改large为larger,后面有than,应该用比较级6，改in为on,onothergrounds“基于其它理由”，为固定搭配7，改return为response,inresponseto“对作出反应”8，删除on,emphasizesthemphasize是及物动词9，在large前加a,extent是可数名词，前面要加冠词。toalargeextent翻译为“在很大程度上”10，改these为thosethosethat/who为固定形式2006年英语专八改错真题答案Weuselanguageprimarilyasameansofcommunicationwithotherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeingconventionsas1_tothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticular2_message:theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposalvocabularyanda3_setofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehis4_thoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,totheotherEnglish5_speakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactive-lyandthatwhichherecognises,increasesinsizeashegrowsoldasaresultofeducationandexperience.6_But,whetherthelanguagestoreisrelativelysmallorlarge,thesystemremainsnomorethanapsychologicalrealityfortheindividual,unlesshehasameansofexpressingitintermsabletobeseenbyanother7_memberofhislinguisticcommunity;hebastogivethesystemaconcretetransmissionform.Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomost8_commonformsoftransmission-bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans(speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).Andtheseare9_amongmoststrikingofhumanachievements.10_1,改agreeing为agreedagreedconventions翻译为“习俗”2，words前加the,此处为特指3，改in为atatonesdisposal为固定短语，翻译为“由某人做主”4改enables为enable，定语从句与先行词vocabularyandasetofgrammaticalrules保持一致5，删除the,此处需要泛指6，改old为older,此处需要比较级7改seen为understood，system应该是被理解8删除ittakesthforgrantedtakeitforgrantedthat9,改or为and,语境需要并列关系而不需选择关系10，most前加the,形容词最高级中that一般不能省略2005年英语专八改错真题答案Anumberofcollegesanduniversitieshaveannouncedsteeptuitionincreasesfornextyearmuchsteeperthanthecurrent,verylowrateofinflation.Theysaytheincreasesareneededbecauseofalossinvalueofuniversityendowmentsheavilyinvestingincommon1_stock.Iamskeptical.Abusinessfirmchoosesthepricethatmaximizesitsnetrevenues,irrespectivefluctuationsinincome;andincreasinglythe2_outlookofuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesisindistinguishablefromthoseof3_businessfirms.Theriseintuitionsmayreflectthefacteconomicuncertainty4_increasesthedemandforeducation.Thebiggestcostofbeingintheschoolisforegoingincomefromajob(thisisprimarilyafactorin5_graduateandprofessional-schooltuition);thepooronesjobprospects, 6_themoresenseitmakestoreallocatetimefromthejobmarkettoeducation,inordertomakeoneselfmoremarketable.Thewayswhichuniversitiesmakethemselvesattractivetostudents7_includesoftmajors,studentevaluationsofteachers,givingstudentsagovernancerole,andeliminaterequiredcourses.8_Sky-hightuitions