商务英语阅读Unit2.ppt

CENTURY BUSINESS ENGLISH,,大连理工大学出版社,阅读教程（基础篇I）（第四版）,世纪商务英语,主编：王洗薇,Unit Two Making Introductions,,大连理工大学出版社,Business Language,In this unit were going to have a look at the proper etiquette of making introductions. The practical reading will enable you to design a business card for yourself. Of course you will also continue to learn some reading skills about how to guess the meaning of new words from context clues.,Business Language,Reading Skill Focus,Words and Expressions,Practical Reading,Comprehensive Reading,Reading Skill Focus,Context Clues (2),In this unit, lets discuss the Restatement/Synonym Clues and Example Clues. Restatement/Synonym Clues In sentences there are usually phrases or clauses that repeat the idea of the unknown word. In other words, the phrase says the same thing as the unknown word. Sometimes, two adjacent sentences express similar meanings, thus it is possible to guess the unknown word.,Reading Skill Focus,The unknown word may follow these clues:,Reading Skill Focus,Example Clues In some sentences we can guess the meaning of an unknown word by the example given in the sentence. This is because most examples given in the sentences explain the unknown word. The clue words are as follows:,Reading Skill Focus,AGuided Practice,Sample 1 Spontaneously, that is, without planning, the students lifted the teacher onto their shoulder. Clue word: that is 从“that is” 这个重述/同义线索可以分析出“without planning” 就是 “spontaneously” 这一词的词义“自发的”。,Reading Skill Focus,Sample 2 The little boy enjoys all kinds of beverages, such as milk, cola, coffee, juice and tea. Clue word: such as 从“such as”引出的例子“milk, cola, coffee, juice and tea”可以看出“beverage”是各种饮品的总称。,Reading Skill Focus,BLets Try,Try to figure out the Chinese meaning of the underlined words in the following sentences and identify what the clue words are. X-ray therapy, that is, treatment by use of X-ray, often stops the growth of a tumor.,that is,Clue word:_,疗法,therapy:_,Reading Skill Focus,2. He has no concept of what is ethicalno idea of what is right and wrong., (dash),Clue word:_,道德的,ethical:_,3. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.,or,Clue word:_,代替,supersede:_,Reading Skill Focus,4. Before the main business of a conference begins the chairman usually makes a short preliminary (i.e. introductory) speech. In other words, he says a few things by way of introduction.,i.e. , in other words,Clue word:_,开端的,preliminary:_,Reading Skill Focus,Another habit which can slow your reading is called “subvocalization”. In this case,your lips do not move, but you still“hear”each word in your head as you read silently.,in this case,Clue word:_,默读,subvocalization:_,Reading Skill Focus,George was one of my most diligent students; he was willing to spend hours working on mastering a new subject.,(semicolon),Clue word:_,勤奋的,diligent:_,Reading Skill Focus,7. Well-off Americans consume a lot of alcohol in the form of cocktailmixtures based on spirits like whisky, gin and vodka.,like,Clue word:_,酒类饮品,spirit:_,Reading Skill Focus,8. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons and walked out of the house with their hands over their heads.,(the next sentence),Clue word:_,投降,surrender:_,Reading Skill Focus,9. Young people who are just starting their households often spend some of their money on appliances, for instance, refrigerators and televisions.,for instance,Clue word:_,家用电器,appliances:_,Reading Skill Focus,10. Defined most broadly, folklore includes all the customs, beliefs and traditions that people have handed down from generation to generation.,include,Clue word:_,民俗,folklore:_,Comprehensive Reading,Text A Introductions, Greetings, and Titles in Business,When greeting others in business context, a handshake is acceptable around the world. However, the strength, length, and of a handshake will vary by culture. Of course, Japanese will still to each other and it is advisable for foreign visitors to bend slightly when shaking hands.,duration,duration 持续的时间,bow,bow 鞠躬，欠身,握手将会成为世界各国所能接受的问候方式。然而，握手力度、长度、持续时间会因文化的差异而不同。当然了，日本人仍旧彼此鞠躬，对于外国访客来说握手的时候稍微鞠躬也是可取的。,Comprehensive Reading,Mexicans who know each other will and East Europeans may kiss. In many European countries it is common to shake hands with everyone in the room before and after each business meeting. Business card exchanges are an important part of any international business meeting,hug,hug 拥抱,彼此认识的墨西哥人行拥抱礼，东欧人行亲吻礼。在欧洲的许多国家，大家通常在每次商务会议之前和之后与人握手。,在任何一场国际商务会议中，交换名片都是一个非常重要的环节。,Comprehensive Reading,include where to keep your cards, which languages the card should be in, and what to do with the business card once you have received it. One rule to follow: always bring five times more cards than you think you will need. To explore the nuances of a business card exchange, we will examine the exchange as by an American in Japan.,Variations,variation 变化变动,carried out,carry out 执行，贯彻,区别在于名片放在哪，名片上应用哪些语言，你收到名片时应如何处理。有一条规则可遵循：永远带着比你认为你需要的数量多五倍的名片。要想了解交换商务名片的细微差别，那就看一下一个美国人在日本的经历吧。,Comprehensive Reading,First, the cards should be in English on one side and Japanese on the other side. It is important that the company and title be prominently positioned. The cards should be kept in a . Never keep the cards in a wallet or a pocket-book. The presentation of the card is done at the beginning of the meeting. Cards are presented with the givers name (Japanese side) facing the .,card holder,card holder 名片夹,recipient,recipient 接受者,首先，名片的一面应该是英语，另一面是日语。重要的是公司名字和头衔应该放在显著的位置。名片应该放在名片夹里再放在衬衫或上衣口袋里。不要把名片放在皮夹或钱袋里。赠送名片要在会议开始的时候进行。赠送者的名字（日语面）要朝上，面向名片接受者。,Comprehensive Reading,The card can be delivered by one or preferably two hands by a slight bow. On of a card, it should be studied carefully to determine the of the person the executive is meeting. Since meetings usually involve more than one person, each card received should be placed on the table, like an open , in front of the recipient so that the executive can tell who he or she is speaking with.,accompanied,accompany 伴随；陪伴,receipt,receipt 收到；收据,status,status 身份，地位,deck of cards,deck of cards 一副纸牌,可以一只手，但最好用两只手稍微鞠躬的方式递名片。接到名片后，应细读以确定你所面见人的身份。因为通常与会者不止一个人，收到的每张名片应置于桌子上，像打开着的纸牌一样，放在接受者的面前，这样主管就能知道和他说话的人是谁。,Comprehensive Reading,The recipient should avoid placing them in ones wallet or writing on them in the presence of the giver. The business card is the of the organization; therefore it should be treated with the utmost respect. As a general rule, use peoples titles when on international business. Learn the appropriate titles for each country.,embodiment,embodiment 体现,接受者不要搅乱名片，或把名片放到钱夹里、或当着赠与人的面在上面写字。名片代表该公司，是公司的象征，因此，它极应受到尊重。,通常，在国际商务交往中会使用头衔。因此了解每个国家相应的头衔是必要的。,Comprehensive Reading,People with Ph.D.s should always be referred to as “Doctor”. In many countries, people will be referred to by their titles only. For example,“Chief Engineer, can you tell us how this operation works?”The use of first names in business will also vary by country and age. Be to these differences.,alert,alert 留心的，警惕的,有博士学位的人应该称呼其为博士。在许多国家，谈及某人只会用他们的头衔。比如：“总工程师，您能告诉我这是如何操作的么？”商务活动中，名字的使用因国家和年龄而不同。一定要留心这些差异。,Comprehensive Reading,Task 1 At the very beginning of this unit, youve learned the techniques of guessing the meaning of unfamiliar words from context clues. Read Text A and choose the most probable meaning for the following words, and explain the clues.,vary (Para. 1, Line 3): A. be different B. be similar C. be acceptable,_,A,根据常识判断，不同国家的礼节是不一样的，因此可以判断vary的意思是“不同”。,Clue:,Comprehensive Reading,2. bend (Para. 1, Line 4): A. stand B. smile C. bow,C,_,前半句表明，日本人见面“bow to each other”，外国人与日本人见面时要“bent”，因此可以推断，bent和bow是同义词，是鞠躬的意思。,Clue:,3. nuance (Para. 2, Line 5): A. similarity B. nature C. slight difference,C,_,上文提到，交换名片的礼节的不同(variation)包括几个方面。此句说到“explore the nuances”，应该是探索不同之处的意思，因此可以推断，C是正确答案。,Clue:,Comprehensive Reading,4. utmost (Para. 3, Line 15): A. little B. maximum C. some,B,_,上一句表示，名片是公司的象征，因此可以推断，对待名片应该非常尊敬，因此正确选项为B。,Clue:,Comprehensive Reading,5. refer to (Para. 4, Line 3): A. to mention or to speak about B. appoint C. represent,Comprehensive Reading,A,_,线索词for example后面的例子表明，在某些国家用title来指称其他人，因此可以推断，refer to的意思是“指，提到”。,Clue:,Task 2 Read Text A again and decide whether the following statements are True or False.,The way of dealing with business cards is nearly the same. 2. People should always bring five more cards than they think they will need. The name of the company and the title of the person should be on a card.,( ),F,Comprehensive Reading,( ),F,( ),T,The recipients should place the cards in their wallet when they receive cards. 5. People should be careful in using ones first name.,( ),F,Comprehensive Reading,( ),T,Comprehensive Reading,Task 3 Complete the following table according to Text A.,A handshake,_,bow,_,hug,_,kiss,_,Comprehensive Reading,Business cards should be kept in a card holder in the vest or jacket pocket.,_ _,Business cards should be presented at the beginning of the meeting.,_ _,Business cards should be presented with the givers name facing the recipient.,_ _ _,Business cards should be delivered by one or preferably two hands accompanied by a light bow.,_ _ _,Comprehensive Reading,Business cards should be treated with the utmost respect.,_ _,on international business.,_,Ph.D.s,_,Comprehensive Reading,Task 4 Word Formation LearningSuffix（2）,The following suffixes can be found in Text A.,Comprehensive Reading,Comprehensive Reading,Now, read Text A carefully, locate the words in the text that contain one of the above-mentioned suffixes, then tell the part of speech and the meaning of each word.,1. -th (Para. 1, Line 3) (Para. 1, Line 2),strength,_,length,_,2. -ation (Para. 1, Line 2) (Para. 2, Line 2) (Para. 3, Line 4) (Para. 3, Line 14) (Para. 4, Line 5),duration,_,variation,_,presentation,_,organization,_,operation,_,Comprehensive Reading,3. -ent/-ant (Para. 2, Line 1) (Para. 3, Line 2) (Para. 3, Line 6) 4. -ment (Para. 3, Line 14),important,_,prominently,_,recipient,_,embodiment,_,Comprehensive Reading,Task 5,Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate form of the word given.,1. vary The medical tests showed some in the babys heart rate. (2) My taste in classical music widely, but I usually prefer Mozart or Brahms. (3) The author gave reasons for having written the book. (4) Work on the production line is monotonous (单调的) and lacks .,variation,_,varies,_,various,_,variety,_,Comprehensive Reading,2. receive Lund was the first female of an artificial heart. (2) She picked up the and dialled his phone number. (3) You have been in of unemployment benefit for two months. (4) Members of Parliament a 4.2% pay increase this year.,recipient,_,receiver,_,receipt,_,received,_,Comprehensive Reading,3. present The of prizes and certificates will take place in the main hall. (2) He the report to his colleagues at the meeting. (3) Hes usually quite polite in my . (4) BBC News is reporting the death of Yorkshire Television Richard Whitely.,presentation,_,presented,_,presence,_,presenter,_,Comprehensive Reading,4. long She to see him again. (2) He who laughs last, laughs . (3) She gazed at the cakes in the shop window. (4) He is unable to concentrate on his work for any of time.,longed,_,longest,_,longingly,_,length,_,Comprehensive Reading,Task 6 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.,Prominently determine receipt alert advisable deliver appropriate accompany utmost involve,The of policy is not your businessyour job is to carry it out. 2. We listened with the interest to this extraordinary statement.,determination,_,utmost,_,Comprehensive Reading,3. Marys photo was displayed in a position on the piano. 4. He asked them to be to any possible danger. 5. His bright clothes were not for a funeral. 6. We can the goods to your door.,prominent,_,alert,_,appropriate,_,deliver,_,Prominently determine receipt alert advisable deliver appropriate accompany utmost involve,Comprehensive Reading,7. Will you me in drinking a glass of wine? 8. The booking of the guestroom will be made on of a deposit. 9. It is to write a career objective at the start of your resume. 10. School officials said they welcome parental,prominent,_,alert,_,appropriate,_,deliver,_,Prominently determine receipt alert advisable deliver appropriate accompany utmost involve,Comprehensive Reading,Text B Making Introductions Correctly,Making introductions can be one of the most stressful aspects of good . A sense of confidence and knowing the correct procedures involved in various types of introductions are a must. While one usually knows to use the correct honorific title when making formal introductions, one is often unsure which person should be introduced first. 1 Or, is there a ?,etiquette,etiquette 礼仪,礼节,guideline,guideline 指导方针，准则,介绍可能是礼节中让人比较紧张的一个方面。在介绍过程中必须自信，并且要了解各类介绍的正确程序。虽然人们知道在正式场合介绍的时候要正确使用尊称，但是人们经常不确定应该先介绍哪个人。有没有什么规则可循？或者说，是否有一个规则？,Comprehensive Reading,The basic guideline is to introduce the most important person last. 2 Like any other etiquette problem, its all situational. Will your introduction involve business acquaintances, friends and family, guests at a party, or perhaps more than one of each? The main rule significance is the same: we just need to understand the various levels of importance.,concerning,Concerning 关于,最基本的准则就是最后介绍最重要的人。当然，现在你想知道的是，如何判断谁是最重要的。就像其他礼节方面的问题一样，重要性的问题也是要根据情况判断的。你的介绍是否包括工作中的认识人，朋友和家人，晚会上的客人，或者上述几种不同的人？判断重要性的主要原则都是一样的：我们只需要了解重要性的几个不同层次。,Comprehensive Reading,3 For example: “Mr. Smith, I would like you to meet Ms. Jones, our newest customer service representative. Ms. Jones, this is Mr. Smith , our in charge of operations.” While vice president of operations is an important position, if you are introducing a possible client, then your V.P. would take the lesser role as in:,vice president,vice president 副主席；副总统,在商务情境下，最没有权威的人要被介绍给权利比较大的人。例如：“史密斯先生，我想给您介绍一下琼斯女士，我们新的客户服务代表。琼斯女士，这位是史密斯先生，我们负责运营的副总裁。”虽然负责运营的副总裁是一个很重要的职位，如果你想介绍一位潜在客户，那么你的副总裁就没有客户重要了,Comprehensive Reading,“Ms. Green, this is Mr. Smith, our vice president in charge of operations. Mr. Smith, this is Mrs. Green, who is considering using our firm to advertise her new .” In business (at least good business) all customers, and possible customers, outrank everyone up to, and including, the CEO.,line,line产品线，（货物的）种类,如：“格林女士，这是史密斯先生，我公司负责运营的副总裁。史密斯先生，这位是格林女士，她正在考虑让我们公司为她的新产品做广告。” 在商务场合（至少是恰当的商务场合）所有的客户和潜在客户都比公司所有人重要，包括首席执行官。,Comprehensive Reading,At a party the question“Who is the more important person?”can become confusing. A few basic rules can help one to through these . If the gathering is large, it is perfectly correct to introduce yourself to others present if your host(ess) is busy.,wade,wade 艰难地前进，费力地做完,murky waters,murky waters 浑水，难以处理的情况,在聚会上，“谁是更重要的人”这个问题可能更加令人迷惑。掌握几条基本原则可以帮你解决这个问题。如果这个聚会很大，而主人又很忙，你尽管将你自己介绍给别人。,Comprehensive Reading,Men are introduced to women. 4 Introduce the single woman to the married woman. Remember to also add a little general information about the people you are introducing. , types of employment or common interests are the usual topics that help get conversations started.,Hobbies,hobby 爱好，嗜好,把男士介绍给女士；把年轻人介绍给年长的人；把单身女性介绍给已婚女性。要记得加上一些有关这个人的大概信息。爱好，职业或兴趣这些平常的话题都可以让人聊起来。,Comprehensive Reading,Task 7 Read Text B and choose the most probable meaning for the following words, and explain the clues.,unsure (Para. 1, Line 5): A. doubtful B. clear C. knowledgeable,A,_,线索词while表示，前后两个分句是对比关系，由此推断，be unsure的意思和know相反，意思是“不确定的”。,Clue:,Comprehensive Reading,2. acquaintance (Para. 2, Line 3): A. stranger B. a person whom one knows but do not know well C. expert in one field,B,_,从上下文来看，business acquaintances与后面的friends, friends and family, guests是并列关系，后面的几个都是认识的人，因此可以推断B是正确选项。,Clue:,Comprehensive Reading,3. significance (Para. 2, Line 5): A. basic knowledge B. importance C. evaluation,B,_,冒号表示后面的内容是对前一句进行解释说明，由此可以推断，significance