新视野大学英语词汇讲解.ppt

Reading Skills,Text Study,Notes to the Text,Words and Expressions,Idea Sharing,Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions,As we learned in Unit 2, Book 1 and Unit 8, Book2, it is very important to tell facts from the writers opinions during the course of reading. Then what are facts? And opinions?,facts what really happened; objective (客观的),opinions ideas, feelings, judgements or belief that you get from facts; subjective (主观的),Reading Skills,Example 1,Her study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.,Fact or Opinion?,Of course it is a fact! The word “published” in the sentence shows what really happened.,Reading Skills,Example 2,If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements.,Its an opinion! Why? Because it is expressed in an imperative sentence, which indicates an opinion from the writer.,Fact or Opinion?,Reading Skills,The biggest difficulty in distinguishing facts from opinions,When you agree with the writers opinions, you may take those subjective things for granted, that is, you may mistake opinions for facts!,e.g. Hes so good looking, smart and funny.,Fact or Opinion?,Reading Skills,Its an opinion! Why? Maybe you also think the same as the writer that he is good looking, but it doesnt mean other people will accept this idea. Good looking, smart and funny are just the judgements of the writer and not necessarily the truth!,Reading Skills,Can you distinguish between facts and opinions ?,Opinion?,Fact?,Reading Skills,Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs, bones and muscles, it may also power up the brain.,B. Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information.,Opinion!,Fact!,Reading Skills,C. This boost in reaction time after exercise training may occur because declines associated with getting old could actually stem from declines in physical condition.,D. Consequently, the brains of people who exercise may be better equipped to tackle mental challenges.,Opinion!,Opinion!,Reading Skills,Focus Study,Active Expressions,I. Active Expressions,Notes to the TextActive Expressions,Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can (L20) 2. that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans. (L26) 3. be a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active, (L39) 4. the academicwas thought to come from (L47),Practice,Notes to the TextActive Expressions,1. 从她花钱的方式，你可能会认为她很有钱。 2. 类似情况下，适用于一人也一定适用于另一人。 3. 保持冷静，救护车正赶过去。 4. 别人以为他是个钢琴师。,Notes to the TextActive Expressions,Youd think she was rich, the way she spends money. What applies to one person must apply to another in similar circumstances. 3. Stay calm, the ambulance is on the way. 4. He was thought to be a pianist.,Notes to the TextActive Expressions,II. Focus Study,Notes to the TextFocus Study,“In contrast, possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals.” (L17),than 从句的主语较长或带有长的修饰语时则倒装。,I spend less than do nine out of ten people in my position.,我花费的，比在我职位上十分之九的人少。,2. he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans. (L26),that an effect found in rats,= that an effect which is found in rats,Notes to the TextFocus Study,3. that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information. (L29),the speed with which the brain processes information = the brain processes information with the speed,I still can remember the house _ which I was born.,in,Notes to the TextFocus Study,4. This boost in reaction time after exercise training may occur because declines associated with getting old could actually stem from declines in physical condition. (L35),Can you change that part into an attributive clause?,Notes to the TextFocus Study,because declines that are associated with getting old,5. Some scientists speculate the reduction in mental function often attributed to getting old may really be a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active, in addition to related factors such as medicines and poor diet. (L37),This complex sentence can be plit into several simple sentences.,Some scientists speculate The reduction in mental function is often attributed to getting old. The reduction in mental function may really be a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active, ,a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active = a punishment for not keeping physically active.,Notes to the TextFocus Study,Study the following sentences and combine them into one sentence.,Can you locate the sentence in the text?,But until recently, the academic edge gained by participating in sports was thought to come from the increased self-confidence, the better mood, and the ability to concentrate that comes from burning off steam in exercise. (L46),The academic edge is gained by participating in sports. The academic edge was thought to come from the increased self-confidence, the better mood, and the ability to concentrate. The ability to concentrate comes from burning off steam in exercise.,Notes to the TextFocus Study,Word Using,Chinese to English,1. strengthen v. (L1) become strong or make sth stronger,After the disaster, people realize that their houses need to be strengthened.,灾后，人们意识到要加固他们的住房。,I. Word Using,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,2. succession n. (L2) a number of people or things that follow one after another,a succession of failure the succession of the seasons,一系列/连续的失败 四季的接续,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,successive (adj.) 连续的；继承的 successor (n.) 继任者,3. primary adj. (L6), chief; main,To pass the CET 4; to get the scholarship; ,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,What is your primary objective this term?,3. primary adj. (L6), basic; original,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,primary school 小学 primary education 初级教育,secondary education中等/中学教育 tertiary education 高等教育,primary training 初步训练 primary commodity 天然产品,4. provide v. (L7) supply,provide sb. with sth. provide sth. for sb.,Sheep provide us with wool. He works hard to provide food and clothes for his family.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,5. multiply v. (L22) (cause to) increase greatly in number add a number to itself a particular number of times,Using this method, you can multiply your profit in a very short time. 利用这个方法，你便可在短时间内增加利润。 What do you get if multiply 13 and 11? 13和11相乘等于多少？,6. in response to (L32) as an answer to,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,我们应该响应号召，保护环境。 He went to open the door in response to a knock.,We should protect the environment in response to the call. 听到有人敲门，他走过去开门。,7. attribute to (L38) to believe that sth was caused or done by sb/sth,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,Terry attributes his success to hard work. The drama is attributed to Shakespeare.,contribute 贡献，有助于； distribute 分配，分布,8. burn off steam (L49) get rid of excess energy, or work off bad feelings through physical activity,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,steam: power, energy, force,let off/work off steam 发泄精力/情绪,unwanted stress and is a good way of relaxing or letting off steam. 经常锻炼有助于减轻不必要的压力, 是一种放松或消除压抑的好办法。,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,9. equip v. (L55) supply sb/sth with what is needed,well-equipped travelers,The room is well equipped.,We shall equip all schools with new computers in the next year.,明年我们要让所有学校配上新计算机。,装备齐全的游客,这房子装配