2020版高考英语第一部分语言知识Unit2Fitforlife能力提升题组训练（含解析）牛津译林版.docx

Unit 2Fit for life能力提升题组训练.阅读理解A(2018南昌高三二模)Traditionally,robots have been hard,made of metal and other rigid material: But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robotone that draws inspiration from an octopus (章鱼).Described in science journal Nature,the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search,rescue and exploration.“The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft,autonomous robots,”the studys authors wrote.Robots built for precise,repetitive movements in a controlled environment dont do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in unpredictable conditions.And they arent especially safe around humans,because theyre made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. Theyve taken inspiration from nature,looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches,which are often made up of more flexible matter.But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge.Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body,its still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts,such as a source of power.“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage,it holds great promise for several applications,such as search-and-rescue operations and exploration,”Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technologys Center for Micro-BioRobotics,wrote in a comment.“Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and the quality of life.”1. Whats the special feature of “Octobot”?A.Its soft. B.Its made of metal.C.Its very small. D.It looks like an octopus.2.Whats the disadvantage of traditional robots?A.Theyre hard to control. B.Theyre too heavy to move.C.They cant predict conditions.D.They cant behave well all the time.3.One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobots .A.silicone body B.complex componentsC.precise movements D.flexible power source语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,美国哈佛大学的科学家受到章鱼的启发,制造了软体机器人。这种机器人可用于搜救、探险等行业,比常规机器人更安全。尽管软体机器人的开发和研究尚在早期阶段,但这种机器人的出现也许会为人的健康和生活品质的提高提供新的途径。答案及剖析:1.A细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句中的“The Octobot is a minimal system. completely soft,autonomous robots”可知,Octobot的特点是柔软。2.D推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,传统机器人无法在崎岖的地形上很好地运行,此外,由于坚硬并沉重的金属部件,传统机器人可能会对人体产生伤害,故可推知,传统机器人并非总是很好地运行。3.D细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句“Even if engineers build a silicone body.such as a source of power.”可知,即使工程师利用硅酮制造出了软体机器人的身体,但建造柔韧性强的关键部件仍面临巨大的挑战,如动力来源。所以制造软体机器人最大的挑战之一是柔韧性强的动力来源。BI am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012,Ive done 89 tripsof those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient,weve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence,Rhode Island,and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said:“Well,Im really sorry,Ive got some bad news for youthere are no fights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patientplease, please,youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job,youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.4.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier”in Paragraph 1?A.provider B.delivery manC.collector D.medical doctor5.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that much time.D.The ice wont last any longer.6.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To London. B.To Newark.C.To Providence. D.To Washington.语篇解读:作者讲述了自己一次运送干细胞的经历。表现了人们之间的友爱。答案及剖析:4.B猜测词义题。根据下文的讲解内容“Ive done 89 trips”“from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient,weve got 72 hours at most”等可知,作者是一个运送干细胞的人,因此courier与B项中的delivery man同义。5.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.”可知答案。6.B细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“She arranged for a flight.re-routed(改道) me through Newark.”可知答案。.语法填空The first practical cooling system for use in industry was invented in 1922 1.Willis Carrier in New York,the USA.He continued to improve his 2.(invent) and,in 1928,developed the first air conditioner for home use.In 1939,eleven years later,an American car company introduced the first air conditioner for cars,which made 3.possible for people to drive in a more comfortable environment.After World War,many American 4. (company) began making air conditioners and,beginning in 1950,many homes in the USA 5.(equip) with central air conditioning.Central air conditioning uses a single unit 6.(heat) or cool a whole house.With this,people could escape the heat of summer and the cold of winter no matter 7.they were in the house.In the 1970s,electricity became more and more expensive,so people developed 8.(good) air conditioners 9.(save) money.Later,the cooling gas in air conditioners was found to pollute the environment,so engineers 10.(work) to produce air conditioners more friendly to the environment since the 1980s.答案及剖析:1.by考查介词。该空前面的was invented说明该句是被动语态,Willis Carrier是动作的执行者,故在其前加介词by。2.invention考查名词。形容词性物主代词his之后应用名词。3.it考查代词。it作形式宾语。4.companies考查名词。名词company被many修饰,应用其复数。5.were equipped考查时态、语态。由结构可知,该空是句子的谓语动词;叙述过去的事情应用一般过去时;且句子主语复数名词many homes与equip是被动关系。6.to heat考查非谓语动词。use sth.to do是固定结构,表示“用做”。7.where考查状语从句。结合句意,“不论人们在房子里的任何地方,他们都可以躲避冬季的寒冷和夏季的炎热”。8.better考查形容词。结合语境“electricity became more and more expensive”可知电越来越贵,为了省钱,所以人们研制出了更好的空调。9.to save考查非谓语。动词不定式表目的。10.have been working考查时态和语态。句子中的时间状语since the 1980s说明科学家们一直在工作以研发更环保型的空调,表动作的持续性应用现在完成进行时;句子主语复数名词engineers与work是主动关系。.短文改错(2018安徽淮北高三三模)Dear teachers and students,It is great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learn English with you.I spend a lot of time on English because I believe English is very important nowadays.As for me,the following learning methods are very effect.First,I always prepare lessons careful before class,so it is easy that for me to keep up with the teacher in class.Second,I listen closely in class and do exercise immediately after class,which helps me gain a deep understanding of which I have learned.Third,I read English novels in my spare time so that I can learn more about western cultures and enlarge my vocabulary.Beside,listening to English songs help correct my pronunciation.The more I learn English,the easy it becomes.I hope you will enjoy learning English as well.答案:Dear teachers and students,It is great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of English with you.I spend a lot of time on English because I believe English is very imp