高考英语短文改错专题教学课件.ppt

解题规律方法,纵观近年高考英语短文改错题，学生和老师都 认为难度不大，然而，每年高考中还是有不少考生对此题深感头痛，主要原因是： 一 .考生的英语基础知识 不扎实. 二.考生缺乏对短文改错命题 特点的了解和做题 规律方法的总结.,一、命题特点和高考概况： 1、 “短文改错”主要考查学生对英语语言运 用的准确性。短文往往选用一篇130个词左右 2、 近两年的高考试题中“短文改错” 主要是学生在日常学习中的常见错误，词汇、语法、语篇理解行文逻辑以及惯用法的错误。 3 、命题的总原则是要求学生能够整篇理解，分行识错，从错误的类型看可分为对、错、加、减四个方面，即，正确打，错误改正，缺词添加，多词删除。并要求以规范的符号进行表示。 1对:3缺/加:6改 1对：1缺：1加：7改,那么，做短文改错题 有哪些规律和方法呢？ 平时学习应注意做到以下几点： 1. 广泛阅读，增强语感，注重语篇的整体把握提高语言知识运用的准确性 . 2. 规范使用常用的词语和习语. 3. .注重基础知识和基本技能。(基础语法) 错误的设置一般都是中学生写作时常出现的错误 。改错训练和书面表达训练结合（NC2改错和仿写）. 多接触正确的内容，练习改错时间应适量 .,临场应试技巧 : “三歩”，“六原则和“四不改” 三歩： 1.No context, no text. 通读全文，掌握大意。 2.整句理解,逐行分析。以句为单位，细读每个完整句子，前后联系 . 3.复读全文，验证答案 . 六原则： 1. 一行一错, 在有错行改动一词。 2. 改变实词（n./ v./adj./ adv.）形式，不能将一个实词换成另一个实词. 3. 最小限度地改变单词形式 . 4. 添加或删除虚词(如冠词，介词,小品词to等). 5. 多改正，少添加或删除. 6. 最大限度地保持句子和短文原意.,短文改错应注意的问题,四不改: 标点符号不改。 大小写不改。 词序错误不改。 单词拼写不改 。 文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错。,Dont forget!,四、错词类型归纳,提高改错的准确率,短文改错打油诗,短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。 名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错/多/少”。 动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了。 连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。 介词多半考搭配，多漏误用想周到。 句法涉及到“一致”，从句多考关系词。 词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。 “1126”惯常比，回读复查敲定稿。,改错方式比例：通常一个正确，一个多词，两个缺词，六个错词,动词形，名词数 还要注意形和副 非谓语，细辨别 介词、短语要牢记,A Limerick,代词格，细领悟 句子成分多分析 冠词连词常光顾 逻辑错误须关注,一、动词形,1.时态错误。(过去时/现在时) 08 I win a national prize for painting last week It is 5 years now since I graduate from08辽宁 The time passes quickly.02 ,they discover a hole in the balloon.06-2 but I tried to act as if nothing has happened(07福建) When they came here, I will show them08四川 2. 语态错误。(Vi / linking-verb.) the animal were disappeared from the house. I invited to talk about Tianjin. After that they asked me (08天津),3. 主谓不一致 (people, cattle, police; neithernor, not only but ,eitheror， there be; except, with, as well as, including; ) of winning the prize. What were better, I had useful (10) the kangaroo were free, it jumped up and ran away (07四川) So do our friend, Cathy. August is the best time(08福建) (08安徽) One day, while my friend and I was traveling there are no need to spend money.04-2 4.缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词） She afraid of staying at home alone.,4.非谓语错用 （谓语和非谓语的错用； V-ing 和 V-ed混用；to的多用，少用或误用） The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was (06全国2) My father was so pleasing that (08) I knocked at the door and was delighting05江西 Yes, a concert can be very excited(04-2) I have some records giving to me as(04-2) The crowd was very surprised see this(06-2) ,so well have plenty of spare time visit the area (06福建) I will do my best to help making(05-2) I would finish 300 envelops and to earn the money.(08浙江),5.固定搭配(1）Vi/ Vt 混用 结合Prep./adv.考 They survived from the earthquake. serve for sb./ return back / repeat again Lucy agreed to marry to Tom. Evening came down. We spent the night in02 (2)固定用法 often dreamed of talk face to face (08) He agreed to reading my story(10) Im writing to ask you come to(06浙江) are worth think of ,such as(08重庆) Though I had difficulty walk back to(07福建) Wed better not to finish the chance.(08重庆) 方法：一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词,二 名词数 (1) U.N./ C.N . 混用 advices on how to write like a real writer. (10) furniture, fun, knowledge, news, progress, information, weather, homework etc. (2)C.N.单独使用加冠词 / 名词改复数 There was Uncle Chen, gentleman living(10) One day, the school had party, where(08天津) for half a month, visiting place of interest(08) On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.(02) (3)所有格（形近词混用） We took our holiday at my uncle,解决方法: 看修饰语 (07福建) Many of my classmate threw me up into the air Both my parent miss you a lot(08福建) 看主谓一致 (05) There are advantage for students to work while C.N.不单独使用 As everyone knows, its famous mountain(02) 根据实际情况判断单复数 I looked at his other hands(07) 固定搭配 But one and a half year(05-2) It will be a big surprising for them(08四川) shake hands; make friends; in ruins; good manners ; difficult-difficulty;,三 形容词和副词常见错误 (1) 形容词和副词的混用 Which all said it was a terribly one!.(08陕西) My pronunciation was terribly. (05-2) I felt sadly I learnt a lesson(08天津) visit us as soon as possibly.(06浙江) I will learn more about it as good as (08-2) I cant use it very good.(08天津) I would easy finish 300 envelops.(08浙江) She called 119 immediate.(04福建),(2)不同级(原级/比较级/最高级)及其修饰词的混用. These are the happier girls Ive ever seen. (07-2) The 2 men threw all their equipment into the water to make the balloon light.(06-2) You are a lot of taller than me. (3)近义词或形近词的误用 .(hard/hardly; right/rightly; close/closely, free/freely, high/highly, most/mostly；near/nearly/ nearby; late/later/latter/lately） trying very hardly to get train tickets to go home(08四川) the bus will take you rightly to the Friendship Hotel.(04-3),四、 代词格,人称、性、数格（主格 / 宾格，物主代词，反身代词）前后一致(偷换) I believe you personal experience will be a lot better. (09浙江) We can tell others our need for help and accept his help.07福建 Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves.06-2 I woke up and found me still in bed.07浙江 We often play a trick on himself.05江苏 You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.04湖北,五 连词conj. 1.并列连词（1）逻辑关系 and , or , but , so ALL I had to do was to write a story or present it.(10) The food was very expensive and the service was good.(02) I still didnt tell anyone but even refused the offer of help(07福建) （2）平行结构，前后一致(08浙江) I would describe myself as shy and quietly I was so encouraged that I ran faster and fast till 07浙江 I am thinking of making a trip and visit the British04-2,2.both, all, either, neither, none, each, others/ the others; something/ anything; this / these / that / those / it I hope I can be a bridge between China and others countries.08天津 writing to each for nearly a year now.08 that I did anything special to express my thanks.08四川 some are playing cards and the others are singing or dancing. 3. 形近词whose 和whos ，its 和 its We have been learning about its culture(06浙江),2.从属连词(换行)。3大从句的连词错用，多用(定从; although/but; because/so; if/and/or)或少用。 theres just a chance which I can join it.(06福建,同下) Everybody sleeps in tents, that is exciting. He wouldnt go to see a play that no one liked it.(08陕西) Since you have visited Greece several times, so I would like to know06浙江 So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. (10) It was almost noon we were at the foot of02,3. 近义(but/however; so/therefore；because/because of)，形近词和固定搭配。The farmer was worried because of his wallet was in the pocket. (07四川) Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down.(07福建) However, while John went back home, the tickets were still there.(08陕西) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.(02) or practicing my English as well.(08) 方法：英语句与句、词与词的连接必须使用连词. I have already studied English for 8 years, I cant use it(08天津),六 冠词 a / an / the 错用(名词已讲过) I had a interesting dream last night.07浙江 Ill have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. (04-3) 2.固定搭配 As result, the hurt07福建 In the fact, there are 4 tickets08陕西 七 介词 1.与动词的搭配。(动词已讲过) 2.固定搭配 It was a chance to win the first prize on the Story Writing Show(10) I couldnt explain them with English.08天津 I imagine youll be at vacation yourself08同下 I have just got some good news to tell to you. till I caught up the other runners07浙江,八 一致性 时态一致(前后一致和特殊语境:主将从现/虚拟) 2.主谓一致（注意定从和强调和非谓语作主语） John is a taxi driver who love going 08陕西 Its I that is your true friend. 3. 指代一致(前后性数格一致) 4. 平行一致(并列连词前后词性/结构一致) 5. 逻辑一致（and / or / but /so转换；not的增与减； come- go, here- there , up- down) I must work hard so that I will not be able to communicate freely with foreigners. (08天津) The air was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up.(06-2),对 策,Practice makes perfect.,熟 能 生 巧,1.浏览全文，读懂大意。 2. 题从行出，错由句生。必须以句为单位来改错，有些错误要根据上下文，甚至从整篇短文出发才能改出来。（指代和逻辑）,At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! They put them in the corner of the sitting room. Jim was covered it with a lot of Christmas light. The sitting room looked really beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily.,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,7.,8.,9.,10.,At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his 1._ father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose 2._ a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! 3._ They put them in the corner of the sitting 4._,_,on,_,chose,_,tall,_,it,动词形,介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住,还要注意形和副,代词格，细领悟,room. Kate was covered it with a lot of 5._ Christmas light. The sitting room looked 6. _ really beautifully at the moment. There was 7. _ a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas 8. _ tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and his 9. _ parents singing and dancing happily. 10._,_,lights,_,beautiful,_,and,were,动词形,还要注意形和副,动词形,名词数,冠词连词须关注,A plane was late and detectives were waiting in the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamond from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves will try steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the mainly building while the others were waiting on the airfield. 2 men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While they was keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To his surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!,Aeroplane are slowly driving me mad. I live near the airport and 1. passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport is built 2 years ago, but of some reason it could not be used then. 3 last year, therefore, it came into use. Over a hundred 4 of people must have been driven away from their houses 5 by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes 6 I think this house will be knocked down by a passed plane. I 7 have been offered a large number of money to go away, but 8 I am determined stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and 9 they are probable right (L21) 10,Later in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. 1._ As soon as this done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were 2._ all hungry and the food smell good. After a wonderful meal, they told 3._ stories and sang songs in the campfire. But some times later it began to 4._ rain. The boys felt tired and they put out the fire and crept into their tent. 5._ Their sleeping bags were warm and comfortable, so they both slept 6._ Soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys waken up and began to 7._ Shout. The tent was filled of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping 8._ Bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavy and they found that a 9._ Stream formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field 10._and then flowed right under the tent.,After five years away in my hometown, I find that 76. _ The neighborhood which I used to living in has changed 77._ a lot. The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop 78 ._ across the street from our middle school were gone. 79._ There exist now a park that has a small river running 80._ through. The factory at the comer of Friendship Street and 81. _ Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city, and sports 82. center has been built in their place. The market at the corner of 8 Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to 84. _ a supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle 85. _ school is still there. (09),NMET2000 The day before the speech contest(比赛) English teacher 1._ talked to me. She said that she and my schoolmate all 2._ wished me success,but it didnt matter that I would 3._ win or not.When I was on the stage the next day,I felt so 4._ nervous as I shook like a leaf.There were so many people 5._ present! Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in 6._ the crowd.She was smiling but nodding to me.I remembered 7._ her words and calm down.I did a good job and won the first 8._ prize.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 9._ Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. 10._,my,_,schoolmates,_,whether,_,that,a,_,and,_,calmed,_,are,often,2001,Like most of my schoolmates ,I have neither brothers nor sisters. in another other words,I am an only child. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. They did not want me to do any work at family;they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. We may be one family and live under a same roof,but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.Do they really understand their own daughter? What things are in other homes, I wonder.,返回,NMET2001 Passage correcting Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor 76_ sisters-in any other words,I am an only child . My parents 77_ love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure 78_ that I get a good education. They did not want me to do 79_ any work at family .They want me to devote all my time to 80 _ my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. We 81_ may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do 82_ not seem to get much time to talk about together. It looks 83_ as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest .Do they 84_ really understand their own daughter ? What things are in 85_ other homes ,I wonder.,in,2003NMET When I first learned to write in English, I ran into many difficulties. The main problem 76._ was in that I always thought in Chinese and 77. _ tried to translate anything into English. My 78. _ teacher advised me to keep my diary. I fol- 79. _ lowed her advice and should put down 100 80. _ words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to 81. _ express me in simple English. One day I 82. _ wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.83. _ She liked it very much and reads it to the 84. _ class. All said the story was a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to 85. _ me.,everything,a,should,talking,myself,it,read,words,2004年高考卷改错题答案及答题模式,You can find all kinds information in just a few minute on the Internet. Its like going to a Huge library without have to walk around to find Your books. Recently even though, many people have been discussing the dangers of the Internet. They have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes. Finding information on the Net is easily. But not all Information are good to society. For example, you can find such information like how to kill people. The problem will become more serious in the future.,1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._,（2004全国卷I） Dear Ralph Im a newcomer here of a small town. I would 1. describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates, 2. it seems always difficult for me to do things well as 3. them. Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as 4. a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. Besides, I have few friends. I dont know that they 6. dont like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at 8. once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesnt 9. seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do? 10.,from,quiet,at,strangers,but,talk,why,as,介词错用,There are advantage for students to work while 76. _ studying at school. One of them was that 77. _ they can earn money. For the most part, 78. _ students working to earn money for their own 79. _ use. Earning their own money allow them 80. _ to spend on anything as if they please. 81. _ They would have to ask their parents for 82. _ money or for permission to do things by 83. _ the money. Some students may also to save 84. _ up for our college or future use. 85_ 05,advantages,is,work,allows,not,their,with,We had guests last night who have not stayed 76. in a B&B hotel ago. They did not want breakfast 77. Because that they were going out early in the 78. morning. They came back lately and had some 79. tea. I came into the living room and saw one of 80. them just go through the kitchen door but turn 81. on the light. He was looking for a glass the 82. cupboard. He had no ideas that the kitchen was 83. not for guests. I just smiled to me and thought, 84. “What can I do? We are guests after all.” 85. (06),had,before,late,and,in,idea,myself,they,2006年 We had guests last night who have not stayed 76 _ in a B&b hotel ago.They did not want breakfast 77 _ because that they were going out early in the 78 _ morning .They came back lately and had some 79 _ tea. I came into the living room and saw one of 80 _ them just go through the kitchen door but turn 81 _ on the light. He was looking for a glass the 82 _ cupboard.He had no ideas that the k