五高中英语语法之情态动词

翰林院,情态动词,情态动词是一种特殊的动词，主要用以表明说话者对某一行为的态度和观点，主要包括揣测、判断、需要、可能、各种意愿等。,一. We use modal verbs to talk about:,1. Ability （能力） 2. Obligation （义务） 3. Certainty （可能性） 4. Permission （允许）,二.We also use modal verbs to:,5. Make requests（提出请求） 6. Make suggestions（提出建议） 7. Make offers（提供帮助） 8. Give advice（提出意见）,一.Ability (能力):,If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem.,Liu Xiang can run the 110m hurdle race within 13 seconds.,2.在疑问句中，用could可表示请求，语气较委婉,He asks if he could smoke here. Could I have the television on? Yes, you can/may. . / No, you cant/Im afraid not.,3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中） Can this be true? Hes such a nice person that he cant commit the crime. How can you be so careless. 4. can never/canttoo表示“无论怎样也不过分”，“越越好” 。 You cant be too careful while crossing the road.,can/be able to区别 Edison always wondered why hens could hatch (孵) chickens while he was not able to. can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能性，而be able to更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。,can/be able to区别,A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone was able to run out of the building. She can speak both English and French,1. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not 2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to,高考题,3. They will _ run this machine on their own in three months. A. can B. could C. may D. be able to 4. That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to 5. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should,二.Obligation (义务):,Although Liu Xiang is so gifted in hurdle race yet he must work hard to win the gold medal.,Attention：,Advisability necessity,ought to/should,have to,must,My mother brings me up and takes good care of me, so when she is old, I must look after her in return.,三.Certainty (可能性),Shi Dongpeng might win a medal at the Olympic Games Attention: very uncertain almost certain Might may could (can) should ought to will must,即时演练：,1.He _ be at home. A. may B. might C. must 2.He _ be at home, for he just called me from his home 15 seconds ago. A. may B. might C. must,must,must 表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑问句。 This must be your pen. He must be doing his homework now. He must have arrived already. 2. 表示“坚持”（常用于固定句型：if you must do sth. 如果你非得要做某事） If you must leave, do it quietly,Have a try:,They_ be doing the experiment in the lab. Why？ Because the lights are still burning. A.could B.can C. must D.would,4.Permission (允许):,May I eat KFC if I win the gold medal? may/might: 1. 表示许可。表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些. Might/May I use your computer? Yes, you can. /No, you cant. 2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿 May you be happy all your life. 3.表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句，疑问句则要用can或could）。,He may be very busy now,高考题,1. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. could 2.- _ I speak to Mary, please? -Sorry, she_ come to the phone because she isnt in. A. Might; wont B. Cant; mustnt C. May; cant D. Couldnt; shouldnt,3.-Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. (2002高考题） A. must B. can C. need D. may,5.Making requests (提出要求):,informal,formal,will can could would,Can you help me with my training?,6.Making suggestions (提出建议):,Shall we do the training in the morning? 1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助 1.Shall we begin our lesson? 2.When shall he be allowed to leave hospital?,3.Shall用于第三人称，表示在条约，规定，法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应”、“必须”。,The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.,- _ I tell Mary the test results? - No, you_. Shes already got the score. A. Will; wont B. Shall; neednt C. May; mustnt D. Can; dont The room is so dirty. We clean it? A. will B. shall C. would D. do,高考题,7.Making offers (提供帮助):,Dont worry, dear. I will wash them right away will/would: 1. 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。 2.表示意志、愿望和决心 I will never do that again. 3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。 The old man would have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work.,8.Giving advice (提出意见):,You should not/ought not to eat so much before running.,should:,1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替oughtto。,Should I open the window?,2.情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。,RoseSure. By the way, who is your idol? JackLiu Xiang, I should say.,3. should表示意外或惊讶 常译为“居然，竟然”。,I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old.,高考题,Its nearly eight oclock. Mike _ be here at any moment. A. need B.