2015高考英语二轮课件阅读第一章第一节事实细节题的解题技巧.ppt

第二篇 阅读 第一节 事实细节题的解题技巧,1Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the passage? 2Which of the following (sentences/statements) is NOT true according to the passage? 3According to the passage，all of the following are TRUE except/but_ 4The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT_,一、常见的设问形式,5In the passage，the author states that _ 6According to the passage，when (where，why，how，who，etc.),1描写类细节题。 2数据计算题。 3排序题。 4信息寻找、广告阅读题。 5图文转换题。 6表格理解题。,二、常见题型,1语意转换。细节理解题设题时为了避免出现原文中所用的词汇，常常使用一些同义词、近义词或反义词(双重否定)。因而在解题时要注意语意转换。 2设题顺序。一般来说，题序与其相关信息在文中的顺序一致，如某题的答案信息往往会在下一小题的答案信息之前。,三、设题方式,3设题干扰项。 (1)正误并存：部分正确，部分错误。 (2)扩大或缩小范围：是原文信息，但不是题干要求。 (3)偷换概念：符合常识，但不是文章的内容。 (4)以偏概全：与原句的内容极其相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动。 (5)无中生有：明显不是文章的信息，与文章事实不符或相反。,1迅速定位，缩小范围。通过寻读法(scanning)，用题干中的关键词在文中搜索，迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置，缩小阅读范围。 2理解其意，对照选项。在找到关键词句后，要仔细阅读，准确理解，对照选项，看哪个选项的意思与之最接近。 3排除干扰，选出答案。在作出选择的过程中，要善于辨别真伪，排除干扰，不断缩小范围，选出正确答案。,四、解题步骤,注意：解题时要留意否定词，如果题干中含有否定意义的词，如NOT，EXCEPT等，应特别留心。在解答排序题时，可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找到第一个动作和最后一个动作，缩小范围以便能迅速选出正确答案。,例1 Tuition Fees(学费) Tuition fees are different from department to department，generally from $5，000 to $6，000 a year.For further information：tuiwaikato.ac.nz. Accommodation(住宿) You can have a room in a 4bedroom flat，which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person.For further information：accwaikato.ac.nz.,五、典例精析,You have to pay at least _a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A$5，250 B$8，000 C$9，000 D$11，000,数据计算题。本篇是介绍Waikato大学的广告。从“Tuition Fees(学费)：Tuition fees are different from department to department，generally from $5，000 to $6，000 a year.”和“Accommodation(住宿)：You,B,can have a room in a 4bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about$150 a month for one person.”可知，在那儿学习一年的费用是：$5，000(学费)$100(住宿费)12(months)$150(生活费)12(months)$8，000。,例2 People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists.Once at the store，a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system(系统)that will organize the trip around the store.If youre looking for toothpicks，you type in the word or pick it from a list，and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them. The devices also keeps a record of what you buy.When youve finished，the device figures out your bill.Then you go to the checker or place your card into a selfcheckout stand and pay.,Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping card? aStart the system. bMake a shopping list. cFind the things you want. dGo to a selfcheckout stand. Aabdc Bbacd Cacbd Dbcad,B,排序题。 由第一段第一句话可知第一件事是make a shopping list。去到商店后“start the system”，根据指引“you can find them”，最后去结账，故顺序为bacd。本题也可采用排除法，c和d是相邻且为先后的顺序，故排除A、C、D。本题还可结合自己的购物常识进行快速判断。,例3 In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.,From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They dont get to see this soft side of others. Often，we try every possible way to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending.But only when we stop pretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them.,1The author has discovered that people will feel happy when _ Athey offer their help Bthey receive others help Cthey feel others kindness Dthey show their weakness,事实细节题。由第一段最后一句可知，关键是理清该句中的it，它指的是前文中的“the kindness in people”，其具体行为是“people hold doors for me，pour cream into my coffee，or help me to put on my coat”，人们的这些行为概括起来，就是they offer their help，故选A。文中信息与选项表述的关系是具体与概括的关系。,A,2The author feels sad sometimes because _ Ahe has a soft heart Bhe relies much on others Csome people pretend to be kind Dsome people fail to see the kindness in others,事实细节题。由第二段第一句but后的内容可知，D选项中用some people代替了文中“those who appear independent”，用fail to see代替了文中的miss。,D,3What does the underlined word “it” refer to? AAnimal kingdom. BWeakness. CAggressive behavior. DKindness.,意义猜测。it指代前面的the kindness in people。,D,例4 In a world with limited land，water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise.Actually，the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways.That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products.In other words，we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.,The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that _ Ait makes the world warmer Bit consumes natural resources Cit brings severe damage to forests Dit makes growth hard to continue,事实细节解。根据“the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm.”可知：传统经济发展模式的危害是使全球气候变暖、不能持续发展、给未来发展造成损失。B不选，过度使用自然资源才是有害的。,B,阅读下列文段，从题后所给的A、B、C、和D项中选出最佳选项。 (一) Mothers，doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.,即学即练,According to the Paragraph，one reason why a baby cries is that it feels _ Asick Bupset Csleepy Dhungry,事实细节题。由该段最后一句“The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.”可知。hungry是searching for food的近义替换。,D,(二) When Frida Kahlos paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintings as “a ribbon(丝带) around a bomb”. Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.,Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City, Kahlo suffered from polio (小儿麻痹症) at the age of seven.Her spine(脊柱) became bent as she grew older. Then, in 1925, her back was broken in several places in a schoolbus accident.Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. However, the accident had an unexpected side effect. While lying in her bed recovering, Kahlo taught herself to paint.,In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist. Riveras strong influence on Kahlos style can be seen in her early works，but her later works from the 1940s，known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband. Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s, even in her home country. Her first onewoman show in Mexico was not held until 1953. For more than a decade after her death in 1954, Kahlos works remained largely unnoticed by the world，but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last.,1The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by _. Apolio Bher bent spine Cback injuries Dthe operation she had,事实细节题。根据第二段“her back was broken in several places in a shoolbus accident.but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back”可知选C。,C,2Kahlos style had become increasingly independent since the _ A1930s B1940s C1950s D1970s,事实细节题。根据第三段“but her later works from the 1940s，known today as her best works，show less influence from her husband”可知选B。,B,(三) The valuepacked, allinclusive sightseeing package that combines the best of Sydneys harbour, city, bay and beach highlights. A Sydney Pass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses. The “red”Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the “blue”Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily,harbour cruises (游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or City Rail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city. Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise.The possibilities and plans are endless with a Sydney Pass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis., Sydney Passes are available for 3.5 or 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All Sydney Passes include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3.5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid(有效的)for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.,Sydney Pass Fares,* A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years.Children under 4 years travel free. * * A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.,1A Sydney Pass doesnt offer unlimited rides on _ Athe Explorer Buses Bthe harbour cruises Cregular Sydney Buses DCity Rail services,事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句话“.City Rail services(limited area)”可知，这个旅行游览项目是不提供无限制乘坐的。,D,2With a Sydney Pass，a traveller can _ Asave fares from and to the airport Btake the Sydney Explorer to beaches Cenjoy the famous seafood for free Dreserve seats easily in a restaurant,事实细节题。根据第四段“.a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3.5 or 7 days，and the return trip is valid for two months from the first day your ticket is used.”可知答案为A。,A,3If 5day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children，aged 3，6 and 10，what would the lowest cost be? A$225. B$330. C$360. D$420.,数据计算题。计算票价花费，成年人每人$120，两个成年人为$240，3岁的孩子免费，所以两个孩子费用是$120，总共花费是$360。,C,(四) Its everywhere.Indoors，advertising is in magazines and newspapers，on television，and even popping up on computer screens outdoors，advertising means billboards.They are in train stations and on the sides of buildings.They are along highways in the countryside. Billboards were once large painted signs that urged customers to buy anything from fried chicken to dish soap.Nowadays billboards are hightech devices that advertise the products of the modern world，from cellular phone service to perfume.,Billboards have changed along with technology.Originally painted directly onto wooden boards or the sides of buildings，billboards were first improved by attaching large printed vinyl strips to a structure to form an advertisers message.Later，mechanical billboards were developed which could display three different images.As one image changed to the next，the movement caught the eye of anyone passing by.More recently，electronic technology has produced backlit billboards which shine a light through an image printed on a sheet of plastic，and digital billboards that can display huge images similar to those on a television screen.,The latest trend in billboards is interactivity.In Belgium，a billboard that looked like a pinball machine had people on the street using text messaging to answer a question the billboard sent to their cell phones. If they answered correctly，they had a chance to win a new car.In Japan，some billboards feature QR (Quick Response ) codes，a newer version of bar codes，which can be read by specially programmed camera cell phones.When a person takes a picture of a billboard with a QR code，the advertisers,website appears on their phone.A billboard in New Yorks Times Square lets people on the street play a video game using their cell phones，and a huge digital sign in Londons Piccadilly Circus responds when someone waves at it and displays different images depending on the weather. Billboards do not always get a positive reaction，however.The large number of billboards along American highways led to the Highway Beautification Act of 1965.This group of laws aimed to,preserve the scenic beauty of the countr