MedicalImaginginGeneral医学影像学总论.ppt

Medical Imaging in General 医学影像学总论,RenHua Wu, Dr. med. 吴仁华,Medical Imaging 医学影像学, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, X-ray, 1895 Diagnostic Radiology 放射诊断 Conventional X-ray imaging X-ray computed tomography, CT Digital subtraction angiography Diagnostic Imaging 影像诊断 Incl. MRI, Ultrasonography, Nuclear imaging Interventional Radiology 介入放射,I. Conventional X-Ray Imaging 常规X线,X-rays X线 X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation or energy of extremely short wavelength (0.000650nm) 0.0310.008nm Production of X-ray X线的产生 (1) Free electrons (2)High velocity (3) Sudden stop on target (1) X-ray tube (2) Transformers (3) Console,Characteristics of X-Ray X线的特征,Penetration 穿透性 Fluorescent effect 荧光效应 screen coated with a substance (phosphor) image amplification Photographic effect 感光效应 emulsion containing silver bromide, ionicmetallic Ionization effect 电离效应,Fundamentals of X-Ray Imaging X线诊断的基础,X-ray characteristics Densities and thickness of human body High density Medium density Low density,Methods of Examination 检查方法, Simple X-ray examination Fluoroscopy Radiography,Methods of Examination 检查方法, Special X-ray examination Tomography Mammography Others,Methods of Examination 检查方法, Contrast Examination Contrast medium Introduction Reactions,Proper Selection of Examinations 合理检查,Diagnosis purpose Avoid unnecessary expenditure,X-Ray Diagnosis and Analysis X线诊断和分析,Thorough observation Exact analysis Site and distribution, number, size, shape, density, outline, etc. The essence of lesions diseases / signs Correlated with the clinical data,Protection from X-Ray X线防护,Should not be overlooked Unnecessary fear should not be bourn in mind,II. X-Ray Computed Tomography CT,Hounsfield 1969 Clinical application 1972 Nobel prize 1979,Principle 原理,Analog/digital converter Voxel, digital matrix Digital/analog converter Pixel, CT image,CT Equipment CT装置,Regular CT Scanner, computer, imaging scan time, resolution, function Spiral CT Tuber continuous rotation Table continuous moving Multiple-slice spiral CT Electron Beam CT,CT image CT影像,Matrix 矩阵 Spatial resolution Gray scale 灰阶 Density resolution Hounsfield unit (HU) Serial tomographic images 系列断层,CT Techniques CT技术,Plain CT scan Contrast enhancement CT High resolution CT New techniques Rendering technique Endoscopy,64层CT 容积采集 volume multislice CT acquisition,Normal 3D VRT and MIP of the lung,Analysis and Diagnosis of CT images CT诊断和分析,Window technic Serial slices Density, CT value Enhancement Others similar to conventional X-ray images,Value of CT imaging CT影像的价值,Central nervous system Head and Neck Chest Abdomen Musculoskeletal,III. Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) 数字减影血管造影,Introduction Digital fluorography ADC Subtraction Techniques Intra-arterial DSA Intravenous DSA,Clinical Application临床应用,Substitute regular angiography Interventional procedures,IV. Ultrasonography 超声,Brief Introduction,Tumor of urinary bladder,V. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)磁共振成像,1930s I.I. Rabi 1946 Purcell, Bloch 1952 Nobel Prize 1971 Damadian 1973 Lauterbur 1974 mouse imaging 1978 Mallard, Hutchison, Lauterbur 1980 Commercial MR scanner,Physical foundations 物理基础,Longitudinal magnetization 纵向磁化 Transverse magnetization横向磁化 Longitudinal relaxation纵向驰豫 Transverse relaxation横向驰豫 Longitudinal relaxation time (063%), T1 Transverse relaxation time (m37%), T2,Physical foundations,Radiofrequency (RF) pulse 射频脉冲 RF sequence 射频序列 Repetition time (TR) 重复时间 Echo time (TE) 回波时间 T1-weighted imaging T1加权像 T2-weighted imagingT2加权像 PD-weighted imaging质子加权像,Magnet磁体,Permanent magnet Resistive magnet Superconducting magnet,Coil线圈,Gradient coil Volume coil Surface coil,Characteristics of MRI 磁共振成像的特征,Multiple parameters 多参数 Multiple orientations 多方向 Flow void phenomenon 流空现象 Proton relaxation enhancement effect质子驰豫增强效应 Contrast enhancement 增强,Techniques技术,Pulse sequences Fat suppression Contrast enhancement MR angiography Liquid imag