倒装结构表现形式种种.doc

倒装结构表现形式种种陈觉法高中英语辅导网（）通常，句子成分都是按“主谓宾”排序的。当这些成分的顺序发生变化，即把后面的成分提前时，语法上就叫做“倒装”。中学英语中，倒装现象主要指主语和谓语的倒装；也涉及一些其它成分的倒装。现在将倒装结构的分类、用法及重、难点分类介绍于后。一、完全倒装整个谓语置于主语之前（此时的谓语通常都是单个形式，不借助主动词），叫完全倒装。常用于以下几种场合：1here, there, in , out, away, down, up, off等副词开头的句子。表示生动和强调。Up flew the rocket. 火箭飞上了天。In came the chief judge. 主裁判走了进来。特例 主语是代词时不倒装。例如，Here they come. 他们来了。2作地点状语的介词短语位于句首时。On the top of the mountain stood an old temple. 山顶上有一座古庙。3so, nor, neither开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容。People on the mainland will never permit Chen Shui-bian to conduct “independent Taiwan”. Nor will the Taiwanese. 大陆人民决不会允许陈水扁搞“台独”。台湾人民也不允许。4为保持句子平衡或上、下文衔接，或强调表语，将表语置于句首。Present at the conference were experts in agriculture. 出席会议的是农业专家。Flying on the pole is the five-star national flag. 旗杆上飘扬着五星红旗。There are many African countries,；among them is Egypt. 有很多非洲国家，埃及就是其中之一。5直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首时。“Oh, yes, my pass,” said Lenin.“奥，是的，我的通行证，”列宁说。特例 主语是代词时不倒装。例如， “Sorry, but I didnt know,” he answered. “对不起，可是我原来不知道，”他回答说。二、部分倒装只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，叫部分倒装。常用于下面的场合：1Only修饰状语置于句首时。Only in this way can you improve your spoken English. 只有用这种方法，你才能提高你的口语水平。Only then did he know what had happened. 到那时他才知道是怎么回事。注意 修饰主语时不倒装。例如，Only a few understood the Theory of Relativity. 那时只有几个人懂得相对论。2never, hardly, little, not, no longer, not until, no sooner than, hardly when等否定副词或连词开头的句子。Little do I know any French. 我对法语几乎一窍不通。Not until gunshots came did he wake up. 直到枪声响起，他才从梦中醒来。Hardly had she begun to speak when someone interrupted her. 她刚开口发言就被人打断了。注意 no sooner than可以和hardly when互换。3Sothat, such that中的so, such位于句首时。So happy was Jim that he couldnt help dancing. 吉姆高兴得手舞足蹈。4“形容词（名词/动词）+ as /though”的让步状语从句中。此时在从句倒装。Pretty as she is, she is not polite. 她尽管漂亮，但不懂礼貌。Child as he is, hes won the world championship. 他虽然还是个孩子，却已经是世界冠军。Lose as I might, Ill have a try. 尽管我可能输，但还是要尽力一搏。注意 名词前用零冠词（见第二例）。5在省略if的虚拟条件句中，将were, had或should移于主语前。在从句倒装。Were I you, I would try my fortune in Hollywood.（=If I were you,） 我要是你，就回去好莱坞碰碰运气。Had you studied harder（=If you had ）, you would have entered Beida. 你学习要再努力一点，早已进北大了。6not onlybut also连接并列分句时。此时前倒后不倒。Not only is he good at sports, but he also does well in lessons. 他不光体育好，功课也学得棒。注意 连接并列主语时不倒装。例如，Not only children but also adults enjoy the cartoon movie. 不光孩子，大人也喜欢这部卡通片。7Neithernor连接并列分句时。此时前后都倒装。Neither is he foolish, nor is he lazy. 他既不傻，也不懒。注意 连接并列主语不倒装。例如，Neither she nor I am satisfied with his answer. 她和我对他的回答都不满意。8Neither, nor, no more等位于句首时（表否定）。He doesnt smoke. Neither / Nor / No more do I.他不吸烟，我也不吸烟。9So位于句首时（表肯定）。She likes travel. So do I. 我也喜欢）I asked him to help me. So he did.（他这样做了） She likes travel. So she does.（她的确喜欢）特例 并列谓语不一致时，用so it is (the same) with。包括肯定和否定句。例如，He is from the south, and lives on rice. So it is with me. 10在the morethe more结构中。通常宾、表、状语前置。The busier he is, the happier he feels. 越忙他越感到高兴。The more he thought about it, the angrier he grew. 他越想越生气。11在表示祝愿的祈使句中。May you succeed! 祝你成功！Long live people! 人民万岁！倒装结构精练精析陈觉法高中英语辅导网（）1. _ on the pole is the five-star national flag. A. Flying B. Flies C. Flew D. To fly2. Hardly _ to speak when someone interrupted her. A. she had begun B. had she begun C. did she begin D. began she3. Not only _ good at sports, but _ well in all his lessons. A. is he; he also does B. he is; does he also C. is he; he does also D. he; does he also do4. _, hes won the world championship in the Olympic Games. A. Though he is child B. Child though he is C. A child as he is D. As though he is a child5. Which of the following sentences is NOT right?A. In came the chief judge. B. The chief judge came in. C. In came he. D. The chief judge came into the room.6. On top of the mountain _, around which were green thick trees.A. did we see an old temple B. an old temple stoodC. we saw an old temple stand D. stood an old temple 7. “Sorry, but I didnt know,” _. A. he answered B. answered he C. answering Peterson D. and he answered8. Which of the following is right? A. Only a few understood the Theory of Relativity then. B. Only then a few understood the Theory of Relativity.C. Only few understood the Theory of Relativity.D. Only did a few understand the Theory of Relativity at that time.9. _ gunshots came _ up.A. Not until; to make he wake B. Not till; did he wake C. Not till; he woke D. Not until; did he wake10. So happy _ that _ dancing.A. Jim was; couldnt he help B. was Jim; couldnt he help C. was Jim; he couldnt help D. Jim was; he couldnt help11. _, I would try my fortune in Hollywood.A. You as I were B. Were I you C. If I had been you D. Should I be you 12. Neither _ foolish, nor _ lazy.A. he is; is he B. he is; is C. is he; is he D. is he; he is 13. Neither she nor _ satisfied with his answer. It cant be worse. A. I are B. am I C. I am not D. I am 14. Little _ about his own health though he is ill and tired.A. he cared B. did he care C. has he cared D. he would care 15. You ought to have given them some advice. _, but who cared what I said?A. So ought I B. So did I C. So I have D. So I did 答案与简析：1. A. 谓语的一部分置于句首引起倒装。 2. B. 固定搭配：Hardly / Scarcely had sb. done when sth. happened. 类似的结构有no sooner than 3. A. not onlybut (also)连接并列句时，只在not only句中倒装。 4. B. 这是让步状语从句，习惯用法是：“零冠词名词/形容词/动词+as+主语+谓语”。 5. C. in, out, down, up, away, off等置于句首时，主谓通常要全倒装；但主语是代词时不倒装。 6. D. 作状语的介词短语置于句首时，主谓要全倒装。7. A. 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首时，主谓要倒装，但主语是代词时不倒装。 8. A. only修饰主语时不倒装。 9. D. not until（注意句首不能用till）置于句首时，主谓部分倒装。 10. C. sothat结构中的so + adj. / adv.置于句首时，主句要倒装，that-从句不倒装。 11. B. 虚拟条件句省略if时主谓倒装；这里指的是与现在事实相反的假设。 12. C. neither, nor, so等置于句首时，主谓要倒装。 13. D. neithernor, eitheror, not only but also修饰主语时，主谓不倒装。 14. C. 含否定意义的副词置于句首时，用部分倒装。 15. D. 注意区别：So did I“我也做了（某事）”；So I did.“我的确做了（某事）”；I did so.“我照着做了。”常见省略结构精练精析30题（400030）重庆七中陈觉法高中英语辅导网（）1. Shall I take a message to your parents that youve been all right? Yes, it will be nice _.A. to do B. to do it C. if you do D. if it is so 2. How are you getting along with your experiment with the new material? _A. Very good. B. Thats all right. C. Nothing wrong. D. Pretty well. 3. As you can see that there are so many graduates _ forward to get the proper job. A. wanted B. to want C. want D. who wanted 4. Can you get the first place in the model airplane competition? _. The competition is too fierce. A. Im afraid not B. Im afraid so C. Im not afraid so D. Im afraid not so5. I am not fond of the summer of the Philippines. _.A. So am I B. Nor am I C. I am not, too D. Neither do I6. Will the US and PDRK reach an agreement on the nuclear issue recently? _. There is no sign of it. A. Yes, I hope so B. Yes, I hope it C. No, I hope not D. No, I dont hope so7. Theres a fancy party this evening. Were expecting your participation. _, but theres something wrong with our tap.A. Id like it B. Id love to C. Good idea D. Sure8. China today is no longer what it _. Weve become an economical and political power.A. was like B. was used to C. used to D. used to be9. Charles telephoned to say that he didnt receive your software. But he _. I posted it to him 5 days ago.A. must have B. had received C. ought to D. ought to have10. A dog is said to be bitten by a human! _.A. Never heard of such a thing B. Not strange C. A good news. D. Doesnt matter.11. So much for this problem. _?A. Anything other B. Something more C. Anything else D. Anything you ask for12. I dare not tell him the truth though _.A. Id like very much B. Id like very much to C. Id like very much to tell D. Id like to tell very much13. This project is progressing much more smoothly than _.A. last year B. that of last year C. it was last year D. we had last year14. Im a Party member, _? So I must rush to the very front of the danger.A. arent I B. am I C. am not I D. so am I 15. We came to the grassland. Mashes（沼泽）everywhere. No houses. _.A. Not a soul had been seen B. Not a soul is seenC. Not a soul seen D. Not a soul to be seen16. When July comes, the weather in Thailand is getting hotter and hotter, but _.A. in Australia, is colder and colder B. Australia is getting colder and colderC. in Australia, colder and colder D. Australia is colder and colder17. They fell in love with each other at the first sight, but soon after their marriage they said “Good-bye”. _? A. Why not so B. Why so C. Why is so D. Why is that18. _, I would drop in at your teahouse every day and have a heart-to-heart talk with you.A. Even though Im busy B. Had I time C. If I have time D. If I had been free19. Though times were very difficult for the US troops, Bush said, they would stay in Iraq _.A. two more years B. for more few years C. for other years D. another two years more 20. Those days we spent _ research on the hybrid rice reminds me of some good memory from time to time.A. to do B. on C. doing D. for doing21. “_,” the girl said, “well have our wedding ceremony in space in the future.”A. Possible B. If possible C. If is possible D. If it possible22. We can manage this month with the money weve raised. But _?A. what to do B. what the next C. what next D. how the next23. _, Shenzhou V was launched on the morning of October 15, 2003.A. As scheduled B. As scheduling C. When it was scheduled D. As in the scheduled time24. She wouldnt stop working, _ I had asked her twice to stop.A. even when B. not even C. not when D. not even when 25. At that time what we could do was _ rescue from the local government.A. wait for B. to be waiting for C. waiting for D. waited for26. He knows the nature of the dog much better than _.A. me B. I know C. I do D. I know him27. Whats the result of the trade talk? Much better _.A. than it expected B. than expected C. than is expected D. than it is expected28. Have you got ready for the trip? _. Were clearing up the baggage.A. Yes, already B. No, not already C. Not still D. Not yet29. Anything wrong with my composition? Nothing very serious except _ a comma here.A. that ought to be B. for ought to be C. there ought to be D. that there ought be30. Do they produce this kind of software? _ that I know of.A. No more B. Not any C. There is nothing D. They do 答案与简析：1. C。在省略答语中，可用代动词do, does, did以代替前面相同内容，避免重复。2. D。“非常顺利”，是We are getting material pretty well的省略句。3. C。there be句型里的定语从句的引导词在口语中可以省略。4. A。用so和not作替代词，分别表示肯定和否定的看法，以避免重复。可用于此结构的常用动词有hope, think, be afraid, believe, expect, suppose, guess, imagine等。5. B。这是I am not fond of the summer of the Philippines的省略结构；nor, neither, so等置于句首表“也（不）”时，主谓要倒装，且助动词、系动词或情态动词等要保持一致。6. C。表否定推测时，可以说think/ believe/ expect/ be afraid/ suppose（等）not，或者说dont think/ believe/ expect/ be afraid/ suppose（等）so；但用hope时，只能说hope not。7. B。动词不定式的省略结构要保留不定式符号to，常见的动词结构有be glad (happy, pleased, ready, etc.) to, have to, be able to, ought to, be going to, used to, expect to, wish to, persuade sb. to, ask sb. to等。8. D。used to be中的be不能省略。9. D。在不定式的完成式中，其省略结构必须保留have，如be to have, ought to have, would like to have等。10. A。当本身意思很清楚时，可以省略主语、谓语或句子的其他成分。11. C。Anything else在此处是“Do you have anything else to ask?”的省略形式，即谓语的一部分和主语被省略。其余三者要么