及物和不及物动词.doc

二、及物和不及物动词 1. 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.2. 分清及物不及物:分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况： a. 主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于：主谓宾；主谓双宾；主谓宾宾补结构。如： He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there. They asked me to go fishing with them. 类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, find, forget, see, say, show, make, take, tell. b主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与：主谓结构。 This is the room where I once lived. 类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, sit, hurry, fail, succeed. c既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作开始讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close,read, learn, pay, hurt. d既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。 这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是升高；举起。 He lifted his glass and drank. 类似的还有beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt.种植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅 ring vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说（语言） hang vi. 悬挂 vt.绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作 I.单项选择（15分）( ) 1. Would you like to go shopping with this afternoon? Id love to, but my mother is sick. I _ look after her at home.A. can B. may C. could D. have to( ) 2. The _ looking for a tall dark man with long hair.A. police are B. polices are C. policemen is D. policeman are( ) 3. It is difficult _ the book in one day. It is so thick.A. to finish to read B. to finish reading C. finishing reading D. finishing to read( ) 4. My mother often asks us _ late.A. not to stays up B. dont stay up C. doesnt stay up D. not to stay up( ) 5. You will never _ if you always try your best.A. win B. to win C. to fail D. fail( ) 6. My grandfather looks _ at me. He looks _ at the moment.A. happy; happily B. happily; happy C. happy; happy D. happily; happily( ) 7. Jack, with his friends, _ see Mr. Wang this weekend.A. is going to B. are going to C. go to D. will goes( ) 8. May I ask you _ the writer? Sorry. I dont know him. You can ask Sam _ help.A. about; for B. about; about C. for; for D. for; about ( ) 9. What is the _ of this word? It _ to go on foot.A. meaning, mean B. means, mean C. means, means D. meaning, means( ) 10. The _ar