动词不定式语法.doc

Module9 动词不定式学习重点难点能够运用不定式作主语，定语，状语以及不定式的否定形式。学具准备多媒体 录音机学习过程课内探究一. 什么是动词不定式？主要行为动词后面的动词都采用了“to+动词原形”的结构，我们把这种结构称为动词不定式（有时可以不带to）。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。下面我们一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些语法功能。二. 动词不定式的语法功能：1. 不定式作主语不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。eg. It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事。 It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。 Its +(clever,wise, kind, good, right, nice,wrong, bad, cruel silly, stupid, foolish,careful, careless) + (of + sb.) + to do sth.Its + difficult, hard, easy, possible, impossible, important+ ( for + sb. ) + to do sth.2. 不定式作宾语 学习不定式作宾语时,要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有: want, hope, wish, like, begin, try, need, forget, agree, help 等。Many people decide not to think about it. 许多人决定不去想这件事。 I want to go to the library.我想去图书馆。 need to do learn to do agree to do plan to do decide to do refuse to dobegin to do start to do try to do forget to do remember to do like to doStop to do go on to do3. 不定式作定语不定式修饰名词或代词，起形容词的作用，在句中作定语，放在被修饰对象的后面， I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。 Im hungry. Give me something to eat, please. 我饿了, 请给我点吃的吧。4. 不定式作状语 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。He came to show me his new CD player. (目的)I went there to see my teacher. (目的)She came back to get her English book. (目的)The boy was too frightened to move. (结果)5. 不定式作补语 (v. + sb. + to do )不定式可以作补语，如：She told me to buy a ticket.她让我去买张票。She asked me to help her. The teacher told him to come on time.Edisons mother taught him to read and write. want sb. to do wish sb. to do get sb. to do order sb. to do find sb. to be like sb. to do would like sb. to do help sb. to do作宾语补足语不带to 的情况：Let me do it. I saw him cross the street.常见动词有：使役动词: let, make, have 感官动词: see, watch, hear, feel, listen to比较：I heard her singing in the next room. I heard her sing in the next room.6. 不定式作表语不定式还可以作表语，如：Our duty today is to clean the floor.今天我们的任务是打扫地板。His work is to feed the animals. Her job is to look after the patients.My wish is to be a scientist.7. 疑问词who, what, which, where, when, how 加to do可构成不定式短语, 在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。When to start has not been decided. (主语) I dont know what to do. (宾语)He can tell you where to get the book. (宾语补足语)The question is who(m) to ask. (表语) 8. （ think, make, find, feel ）+ it + adj. / n + to do sth. (形式宾语)e.g. I found it very important to learn English well. = I found that _ _ very important to learn English well. I feel it my duty to do so. = I feel that _ _ my duty to do so.一)单项选择：（ ）1. We found it important _ the situation all over the world.A. study B. to study C. studies D. to be studied（ ）2. Dont forget _ the letter. A. send B. send C. sending D. being sent ( ) 3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow? A. this B. that C. it D. which ( ) 4. Please let me _ if he has decided _ it. A. to know; to do B. to know; do C. know; to do D. know; do ( ) 5. I am working hard _ the exam. A. to pass B. pass C. passing D. to passing6. Nothing can make the brave soldier _ his country.A. turn against B. to turn against C. to turn to D. turn to 7. In the old days it was difficult for the poor a job.A. find B. to find C. look D. to look for 8. When learning a foreign language, try our best the spirit of it.A. master B. hold C. take hold of D. to master 9. It was foolish his car unlocked. A. for him to leave B. of him to leave C. for him leave D. him to leave 10. Remember the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. will put back 11. Napoleon spoke so loudly as to _ in front of his soldiers. A. hearB. be heard C. listen D. be listened to 12. Television and radio _ to know what is going on all over the world. A. made it possible of us B. have made us possible C. have made it possible for us D. have made it be possible for us 13. I have enjoyed my visit here. Ill be very sorry . A. for leavingB. to leave C. if leaving D. to have left 14. I dont see how I could possible manage the work without _. A. to finish； helping B. to finish；being helped C. finishing；helping D. finishing；being helped 15. We all think it most foolish _ this mistake. A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make 16. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still . A. a good place which to be lived in B. a good place to live C. a good place to live in D. a good place to live for 17. You were lost on your way to the lake, werent you? Yes, we were and had to stop _ the way. A. asking B. to ask C. asked D. to be asked 18. She felt it a great shame so severely in the presence of her boy friend. A. to criticize B. to have criticized C. to be criticized D. to have been criticized 19. The advertisements are trying people to buy things they dont really need. A. persuade B. persuading C. be persuading D. to persuade 20. If you were much younger, I would arrange as the general manager, for all your colleagues speak highly of your work.A. for you to work B. of you to work C. for you work D. you work 21. On our way back home, we _ lunch because we felt hungry. A. stopped to have B. stop to have C. stopped having D. stoped to have 22. I did nothing but _ my lessons last Sunday. A. go over B. to go over C. went over D. go on 23. Id prefer home rather than a walk. A. to stay; to take B. stay; to take C. to stay; take D. stay; take 24. He was so foolish his car unlocked. A. to leave B. that leave25. Your flat needs . Do you want me it for you? A. to clean; to do B. cleaning; doing C. cleaning; to do D. to be cleaned; doing 二 根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1Its time for us _（have）supper 2Would you like_（go）shopping with me？ 3It took us half an hour_（work）out the problem 4He is old enough_（join）the army 5I feel strange_（have）a twin sister 6I am very glad_（meet）you here 7They prefer_（stay）at home rather than go out 8We saw them_（come）into the room just now 9What he said made me_（feel）sorry 10I am sorryI forgot_（tell）you the news 11His plan is_（spend）a few days in the mountains 12Have you got anything_（say）？ 13Have you decided which one_（choose）？ 14Do you know when_（start）？ 15He is too weak_（carry）the big stone 三 阅读One day the famous American scientist Albert Einstein met an old friend of his on a street in New York.“Mr Einstein,” said the friend, “ it seems that you need to put on a new overcoat. Look, how worn-out it i