初中英语被动语态.doc

初中英语被动语态一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。 如：1.He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）2.The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） (1) 被动语态的用法： 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。如：A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)(2) 主动语态如何改写为被动语态：(3) 注意点： “动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如： His teacher gave him a dictionary.He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典一本字典由老师送给了他)/His father made him a kite.A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)“动词+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.The girls little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顾小弟弟女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如： He is pleased / worried / tired /.(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳)He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / .(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中)二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：2、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如： 1.Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。2.Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）3.Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 三、主动语态变为被动语态1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：1.Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. 2.I hit him.(主) He was hit by me. (被)（2）将动词改为be+过去分词。注意： They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动句的主语改为by的宾语，放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。1.Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack.2.Jack told the truth to us. The truth was told to us by Jack.3.Tom gave me a pen.(主) I was given a pen by Tom.(被)4.Tom gave a pen to me. （主） A pen was given to me by Tom.(被)write, make, bring等的被动语态则只能以直接宾语（表物）作主语。 1.You brought me a big cake. (主) A big cake was brought to me by you. (被)2.She wrote me a letter.(主) A letter was written to me by her.(被)四注意事项：1. 主动语态变为被动语态，句子的时态保持不变。1.I will give him a pen.(主) He will be given a pen by me.(被)2. 在感官动词或使役动词后作补语的动词，在被动语态中用不定式。1）I heard you talk with Peter. (主) 我听到你和彼得谈话。You were heard to talk with Peter. (被)2）I saw her come out of the classroom.(主) 我看见她出了教室。She was seen to come out of the classroom by me.(被)3）make/let sb do sth Sb be made/let to do sth3. 主动语态中如用people, somebody等作主语，被动语态中可省略宾语。 1.People eat watermelons in the summer.(主) Watermelons are eaten in the summer.(被)在夏天吃西瓜。4. 否定句的被动语态中，not放在第一个助动词后。1) You should not blame me. (主) 你不应该责怪我。I should not be blamed by you. (被)2) You should not write this letter.(主)你不应该写这封信。This letter should not be written by you.(被)5. 疑问句的被动语态中，用BE代替DO。1) Does she drive this car?(主) Is this car driven by her?(被)2) What shall we do next?(主) What will be done by us next?(被)6. 祈使句的被动语态形式为：let+宾语+be+过去分词。Open the door please.(主) Let the door be opened please.(被)7. 主动语态中有复合人称代名词时，被动语态的形式为:主动语态的主语+BE+过去分词。1.Tom hurt himself. (主) Tom was hurt. (被)8. 下列动词（词组）没有被动式：1）系动词：以主动形式表示被动之意常见的系动词有： be动词 起来（7个）：look, sound, smell, taste, feel , seem, appear e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, goe.g.1. His wish has come true. 2.People often went hungry in the old days.3.The tree is growing tall. 保持：keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.2）happen, take place, break out（爆发）, belong to ,cost, take3）不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。1、An accident was happened yesterday.（）昨天发生了一起事故。An accident happened yesterday.2、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。3、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。4、This book sells well.这本书畅销。5、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。6、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。7、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。8、The door wont close/shut. 这门关不上。9、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。10、This material wears well (wont wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久）六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例） 1一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）.English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。.Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2一般过去时(was/ were +done).The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。.He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 3一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done).A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。.A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。4现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done).The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。.The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。.A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 5现在完成时(have/ has been + done).Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。.The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。6过去完成时(had been+done).They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。.She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。.He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。七.It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说, It is reported that据报道， It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。八.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病） The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因） 九. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何印出来的呢？ 十. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的系动词feel, sound, taste, look, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例Your reason sounds reasonable. 十一.非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。 2 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）被动语态专项练习单项选择 1. Good books _ again and again.A. should be readed B. should be read C. must read D. ought to read 2. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked 3. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them.A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listenedC. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen 4. When_ the accident _ ?A. was, happen B. did, happen C. is, happen D. was, happened 5. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discuss B. will discuss C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed 6. The lab _ about five years ago.A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built 7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up 8. They _ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished 9. Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew D. wasgrown 10. He _ by the teachers.A. is always praised B. praises C. have been praised D. always is praised 1. Great changes _ place. Many new schools_ .A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are openC. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened 12. The picture_ in October, 1996.A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken 13. We cant use the bridge now, because it_ .A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired 14. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing 15. The war_ in 1941.A. broke out B. had been broken out C. was broken out D. had broken out 16. When water_ , it will be changed into vapor(蒸汽).A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats 17. We cant enter the room because its door_ .A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking 18. They _day and night.A. are made work B. are made to work C. made to be worked D. are making to work 19. Changan Road is _of people.A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled 20. Man-made satellites _into space by many countries.A. was sent up B. is sent up C. have been sent up D. has been sent up 21. This English song _ often _ by the children.A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung 22.The windows of our house _once a week.A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned 23. When _ the Peoples Republic of China_ ?A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found 24. Marys radio _ by my brother just now.A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended 25. Your exercise books _ after class.A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in 26. Some trees may _ at other times of the year.A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted 27. The sun _ at night as usual.A. can be seen B. cant see C. cant be seen D. doesnt see 28. A new English play _ there next week.A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on 29. A strange thing _ in our school yesterday.A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen 30. The glass _ . It _ by little Tom this morning.A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was brokenC. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken 21. I promise that matter will _.A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of 22. No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building.A. been given B. given C. to give D. be given23. I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given24. Can such a thing _ happening again?A. prevent from B. prevented from C. be prevented from D. to prevent from25. A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building26. This bike _ last year.A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bought27. Did you see the house that _ by fire last year?A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed28. It _ whether she will get her work in the hospital.A. hasnt been decided B. isnt deciding C. doesnt decide D. hasnt decided29. The pen _ me. It is hers.A. isnt belong to B. wasnt belong to C. doesnt belong to D. didnt belong to 30. I cant use my bike because it _.A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D. was repairing31. The chairman told the speaker that she _ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _.A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear C. had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard32- The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed34.How long _ at this job? Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D .will you be employed35.What happened to the priceless works of art? _. A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed them36. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 37. Rainforests _and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no an easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed .will have changed D. will change 39. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose40. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built初中英语被动语态专项练习1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found2 English _ in Canada.A.speaks B.are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used6 Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep7 -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold8 A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building9 The key _ on the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left10 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need11His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published12 Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking13 These papers_yet.A. have not written B. have not been writtenC. has not written D. has not been written14 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt15 My shoes are worn out. _A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?16 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are17 _ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do18 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting heldC. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held19 Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by20 Where _ these boxes made?A. was B. were C. is D. am21 The flowers_often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water22 The books may_ for two weeks.A. be kept B. be borrowedC. keep D. borrow23 The teacher made him_ his homework. A. to do B. do C. did D. done24 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean25 These children_dance.A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to26 Thesestones_well. A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted27 The bike _ 500 yuan. A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed28 The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year.A. was had B. was held C. held D. had29 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China.A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place30 You cant use the computer, it_.A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down31 Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years.A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened32 The wa