艾滋病防治常用术语手册.doc

艾滋病的基础知识常用术语艾滋病 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS艾滋病病毒 Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV艾滋病病毒感染者 People Living with HIV and AIDS,PLWHA艾滋病病人 AIDS patient艾滋病传播途径 Routes of Infection(Modes of HIV transmission)暗娼 Commercial Sex Worker,CSW(UNAIDS建议使用Sex Worker)不安全性行为 Unsafe Sex插入性性行为 Penetrative Sex产后传播 After-birth Transmission窗口期 window period毒品 drugs多性伴 multiple sexual partners非插入式性交 non-penetrative sex服务场所 service place高危行为 high risk population(UNAIDS建议使用key populations at higher risk)高危性行为 high risk behavior共用针具吸毒 sharing injection equipment红丝带 red ribbon机会性感染 opportunistic infections, OI鸡尾酒疗法 cocktail therapy性传播 sexual transmission血液传播 blood-borne transmission免疫系统 immune system母婴传播 Mother to child transmission,MTCT男妓 male prostitute男用安全套 male condom女用安全套 female condom潜伏期 incubation period清洁针具 clean needle全科医生 general practitioner,GP商业性行为 Commercial sex生活技能 Life skills生殖健康 Reproductive health世界艾滋病日 World AIDS Day世界艾滋病行动 World AIDS campaign,WAC双性恋 Bisexuality双性性行为 Bisexuality水制润滑剂 K-Y Lubricant,KY体液 Body fluid替代喂养 replacement feeding同伴教育 peer education同性恋 Homosexuality同性性行为 homosexual behavior无偿献血 volunteer blood donation性伴侣 sexual partner性产业 sex industry性传播感染 Sexually transmitted infections,STI性功能障碍 Sexual dysfunction性教育 sex education性倾向 sex orientation 性身份认同 gender identity性行为 sex behavior血浆 plasma血液制品 blood products血友病 hemophilia义务献血 compulsory blood donation 异性恋 heterosexuality异性性行为 heterosexual sex易感人群 susceptible population疫苗 vaccine预防母婴传播 prevention on mother to child transmission,PMTCT娱乐场所 Entertainment place有偿采供血 Paid blood supplement艾滋病流行病学常用术语艾滋病流行病学专题调查 specific epidemiological investigation艾滋病疫情估计和预测 estimate and project on AIDS epidemics案例分析 case study被动检测 passive surveillance抽样 sampling脆弱人群 vulnerable population，VP(UNAIDS建议使用 Most Likely to be exposed to HIV)发病率 incidence rate覆盖面 coverage感染率 prevalence rate 高危人群 high risk population高危人群规模估计调查 population size estimate of high risk groups 核心人群 core population 绘制活动场所分布图 mapping of entertainment places监测 surveillance流行或大流行 epidemic or pandemic桥梁人群 bridge population哨点监测 sentinel surveillance网络直报系统 web-based reporting system危险行为发生率 incidence of high risk behavior新发感染率 incidence rate行为监测 behavior surveillance血清流行病学 seroepidemiology注射吸毒 injection drug use 职业暴露 occupational exposure主动监测 active/positive surveillance综合监测 comprehensive surveillance艾滋病诊断治疗常用术语CD4+T淋巴细胞 CD4+T count艾滋病病毒急性感染期 acute infection-primary HIV-1 infection stage艾滋病快速诊断试剂 rapid HIV/AIDS Testing Reagent艾滋病临床分期 AIDS clinical stages艾滋病慢性感染 HIV chronic infection艾滋病相关综合征 AIDS related complex ,ARC病毒载量 HIV viral load病毒载量测定 viral load test单采浆 plasmapheresis蛋白酶抑制剂 protease inhibitor,PI蛋白印迹法 western blot test,WB服药依从性 adherence, compliance高效抗逆转录病毒疗法 Highly active anti-retroviral therapy,HAART规范化性病诊疗 Standardized diagnosis and treatment of STDS聚合酶链反应 PCR抗体检测 Antibody detection抗原检测 Antigen detection联合用药组合 recommended antiretroviral regiments or components梅毒 syphilis梅毒血清学试验 serologic test for syphilis酶联免疫法 ELISA美沙酮维持治疗 methadone maintenance therapy,MMT耐药性 drug resistance逆转录酶抑制剂 NRT强制性检测 mandatory testing 求医行为 health seeking behavior 确认实验室 confirmation laboratory确认试验 confirmed test筛查实验室 screening laboratory筛查试验 screening test实验室生物安全 Laboratory Biology safety,LBS实验室质量保证 quality assurance，QA实验室质量控制 quality control，QC实验室质量评价 Laboratory Quality Appraisement,EQA试验的敏感性 sensitivity 试验的特异性 specificity随访 follow up 停药 drug stopping脱毒 detoxification污染区 contaminated section无症状感染期 HIV positive stage心瘾 mental addiction性病病症处理 syndromic approach for the management of sexually transmitted disease样品 sample, specimen药物的不良反应 adverse reaction药物滥用 drug abuse/drug dependence一线用药方案 first-line ARV regimens医源性感染 Iatrogenic transmission阴道杀菌剂 Vagina antiseptic阴性对照 negative control中药治疗 traditional medicine therapy治疗失败 treatment failure现代结核病控制策略 directly observed treatment shortcourse,DOTS艾滋病干预、教育、预防常用术语419 one night stand IEC材料 information education communication material ,IEC material艾滋病的三级预防 three levels of prevention on HIV/AIDS安全套社会营销 condom social marketing 安全套推广使用 condom promotion安全性行为 safe sex安全注射 safe injection参与式方法 participative approach 倡导 advocacy大众传播 mass communication大众传媒 mass media大众教育 public education德尔菲法 Delphi method定量研究 quantitative research定性研究 qualitative research封闭性问题 close question隔离 isolation个案调查 case survey个人深入访谈 individual in-depth interview,IDI健康促进 health promotion,HP健康教育 health education, HE健康教育处方 health education prescription降低危害 harm reduction交流技能 communication skills角色扮演 role play戒断症状 withdrawal symptom开放式问题 open question目标人群 target population目标人群的参与 participation of target people普遍性防护原则 universal protection principle青春期教育 adolescence education人际传播 interpersonal communication示范区“面对面”宣传教育 “face to face” education campaign on HIV/AIDS收视率 audience rating头脑风暴 brainstorming外展服务 outreach service问卷调查 questionnaire survey校内教育 in-school education校外教育 out-school education信息、教育和交流 information、education、communication,IEC信息网络 information network行为改变干预 behavior change intervrntion,BCI行为改变交流 behavior change communication,BCC行为干预 behavior interview,BI以学生为中心的教育活动 students-centered education诱导性问题 leading question预试验 pretest知识、态度和实践/行为 KAP/B知晓率 awareness rate预防性治疗 preventive treatment针具交换 syringe exchange专题小组访谈 focus group discussions,FGDs艾滋病人关怀、咨询、反歧视常用术语“四免一关怀”政策 “four free and one care” policy,FFOCP艾滋病自愿咨询检测 voluntary counseling and testing,VCT保密原则 confidentiality暴露后评估 post-exposure risk evaluation暴露后预防 exposure prophylaxis边缘人群 marginalized groups草根组织 grass-roots organization不评判原则 nonjudgmental principle非言语交流 nonverbal communication非政府组织 non-governmental organization, NGO关怀与支持 care and support家庭关怀 home-based care检测后咨询 post-testing counseling检测前咨询 pre-testing counseling流动人口 migratory populations流浪儿童 street children匿名检测 anonymous testing歧视 discrimination社会营销 social marketing 社会支持 social support社区动员 community mobilization社区关怀 community-based care受艾滋病影响的儿童 children affected by AIDS/AIDS受益者 beneficiaries危险评估 risk assessment心理危机 psychological crisis性伴通知 partner notification性伴咨询 partner counseling亚文化 subculture阳性告知 patient notification预防性咨询 preventive treatment支持小组 support group转介服务 referral service咨询 counseling咨询热线 counseling hotline艾滋病有关伦理道德、法律法规常用术语公平原则 justice doctrine伦理原则 ethics污名化 stigmatization性别平等 gender equity隐私 privacy与贸易有关的知识产权协议 the agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights, TRIP agreement知情同意 informed consent艾滋病预防工作项目管理、督导、评价常用术语艾滋病病例报告 case reporting 成本效益分析 cost-benefit analysis成本效用分析 cost-utility analysis成本效果分析 cost-effectiveness analysis督导评估 supervision assessment高危人群干预工作队 working team for intervention among high-risk population of HIV/AIDS国务院防治艾滋病工作委员会 the state council AIDS working committee,SCAWC过程评估 process evaluation技术援助 technical assistance疾病负担 disease burden决策者 policy maker可及性 accessibility快速评估 rapid appraisal扩展 scaling-up利益相关者 stakeholder联合国大会艾滋病特别会议 united nations general assembly special session on HIV/AIDS,UNGASS内部评估 internal assessment能力建设 capacity building评价指标 evaluation index千年发展目标 millennium development goals,MDG强制许可 compulsory licensing全国艾滋病综合防治示范区项目 china comprehensive AIDS response program, China CARES全球抗击艾滋病、肺结核和疟疾基金（简称全球基金） The global fund to fight AIDS ,tuberculosis and malaria-GFATM,global fund外部评估 external assessment 外部质量评估 external quality assessment现场督导 field monitoring现状评估 current situation assessment项目可持续性 proje