同等学力新大纲样卷1第三篇阅读理解文章.ppt

Passage Three,Competition breeds excellence. Ask anyone who pays attention to the car industry and they will tell you that the family-sedan segment is just brutal, with manufacturers fighting tooth and nail over every sale. In fact, that market has become more competitive in recent years. It used to just be the Camry and the Accord fighting for supremacy, but now you have new (Hyundai) and old (Ford) competitors, among others, joining the fight with interesting, well-made, compelling products. Its a great time to be shopping for a new family sedan.,Compare that with the state of the tablet market today. Hewlett-Packard is in retreat. Research in Motion is in a holding pattern. Motorola has been sold and its tablet is now an afterthought. Samsung fights the good fight, but it trails Apples market share by 50 percentage points.,Apple is not just ahead of the pack, it almost is the pack. Now, some would say that this is also a simple result of economic laws at work: Apple makes a superior product, therefore it gets most of the sales. But what would be really great is that, Apple, Google, Microsoft, and H. P. , locked in an epic battle for tablet supremacy, are each releasing new and better products at a furious pace, and each dropping prices substantially at a steady clip.,Apple is driving innovation and creativity with each upgrade of the iPad it releases. But this isnt about whether you prefer Apple or Android for your table . This isnt about picking sides. As a consumer, I want there to be robust competition across the board. I want Coke and Pepsi, Target and Wal-Mart, Engadget and Gizmodo.,If youre a fan of Apple, you want there to be a worthy rival to push it, to keep its feet to the fire. If you dont like Apple, you want someone else in the game so that Apple doesnt suck all the air out of the room. And you want Apple to do the same pushing and foot-scorching to its competitor that another company would do to it.,一 Steps: 1.Read the 1st paragraph and do Ex 29 and 30. 2. Read the 3rd paragraph and do Ex 31 3. Read the 4th paragraph and do Ex 32 4. Read the 5th paragraph and do Ex 33 5. Paraphrase sentence by sentence and explain the important words and expressions and long and difficult sentences. 6. Check the exercises.,Para. 1:,1. Competition breeds excellence. 2.Ask anyone who pays attention to the car industry and they will tell you that the family- sedan segment is just brutal, with manufacturers fighting tooth and nail over every sale. 3.In fact, that market has become more competitive in recent years. 4.It used to just be the Camry and the Accord fighting for supremacy, but now you have new (Hyundai) and old (Ford) competitors, among others, joining the fight with interesting, well-made, compelling products. 5.Its a great time to be shopping for a new family sedan.,Para. 2:,1.Compare that with the state of the tablet market today. 2.Hewlett-Packard is in retreat. 3.Research in Motion is in a holding pattern. 4.Motorola has been sold and its tablet is now an afterthought. 5.Samsung fights the good fight, but it trails Apples market share by 50 percentage points.,Para. 3:,1.Apple is not just ahead of the pack, it almost is the pack. 2.Now, some would say that this is also a simple result of economic laws at work: Apple makes a superior product, therefore it gets most of the sales. 3.But what would be really great is that, Apple, Google, Microsoft, and H. P. , locked in an epic battle for tablet supremacy, are each releasing new and better products at a furious pace, and each dropping prices substantially at a steady clip.,Para. 4:,1.Apple is driving innovation and creativity with each upgrade of the iPad it releases. 2.But this isnt about whether you prefer Apple or Android for your table . 3.This isnt about picking sides. 4.As a consumer, I want there to be robust competition across the board. 5.I want Coke and Pepsi, Target and Wal-Mart, Engadget and Gizmodo.,Para. 5:,1.If youre a fan of Apple, you want there to be a worthy rival to push it, to keep its feet to the fire. If you dont like Apple, you want someone else in the game so that Apple doesnt suck all the air out of the room. 3.And you want Apple to do the same pushing and foot-scorching to its competitor that another company would do to it.,二 Exercises:,(29) The phrase “fighting tooth and nail“ (Para. 1) means that car makers are _. A. competing fiercely with one another B. beating one another with their tooth and nail C. extremely careful about the family-sedan segment D. paying more attention to their tooth and nail 答案 A。 解析词义理解题。第一段的“the family-sedan segment is just brutal, with manufacturers fighting tooth and nail over every sale. 家用小轿车生产的残酷性，每一次与厂家交易都是激烈的争斗。”说明竞争是残酷的，fighting tooth and nail= brutal，故A正确。,(30) Why is it a great time to be shopping for a new family sedan? A. Because competition is more interesting and compelling. B. Because Hyundai and Ford are joining the competition. C. Because customers have enough quality cars to choose from. D. Because the Camry and the Accord are competing for supremacy. 答案 C。 解析第一段的第四句话“It used to just be the Camry and the Accord fighting for supremacy, but now you have new (Hyundai) and old (Ford) competitors, among others, joining the fight with interesting, well-made, compelling products.过去只是凯美瑞和雅阁争夺霸权，但是现在又有了新现代和老福特这样的竞争对手，还有其他的一些对手，它们带着有趣、制作精良、令人信服具有竞争力的产品加入竞争。”说明对手不止一个，为了占据市场，生产厂家都在努力生产精良产品占据市场，这样顾客的选择余地就大了。,(31) What are the tablet makers strategically doing, facing the brutal competition? A. Developing new products and reducing prices. B. Analyzing the results of the economic laws. C. Adapting to the furious pace of development. D. Providing best possible services for their products. 答案 A。 解析 第三段的第三句话“But what would be really great is that, Apple, Google, Microsoft, and H. P. , locked in an epic battle for tablet supremacy, are each releasing new and better products at a furious pace, and each dropping prices substantially at a steady clip. 但真正令人满意地是卷入这次宏大的平板电脑争夺霸权战争中的苹果、谷歌、微软和惠普都在以疯狂的速度向市场投放更新更好的新产品，而且每次产品价格降价幅度都很大。”说明只用研发新产品和降低产品价格才会吸引顾客，才能占据市场，故要调整平板电脑生产销售策略。,(32) The author brings in the pairs of “Coke and Pepsi, Target and Wal-Mart, Engadget and Gizmodo“(Para.4) to make . A. a comparison B. a contrast C. an abstraction抽象性 D. an exemplification n. 例证，范例 答案 D。 解析第四段的第五句“As a consumer, I want there to be robust competition across the board. I want Coke and Pepsi, Target and Wal-Mart, Engadget and Gizmodo.作为消费者，我希望平板电脑市场竞争强烈。我想可口可乐和百事可乐，塔吉特公司和沃尔玛，瘾科技和Giz modo都这样。”把Coke and Pepsi, Target and Wal-Mart, Engadget and Gizmodo作为范例，说明行业的竞争越来越激烈。,(33) What does the phrase “to keep its feet to the fire“ in the last paragraph mean? A. To place Apples feet close to the fire. B. To pressure Apple into intensifying its competition. 苹果的竞争压力加剧。 C. To force Apple to dance hard on the fire. D. To advise Apple to strategically drop its side products. 答案 B。 解析第五段第一句话中的 to keep its feet to the fire愿意为：给某人非肉体的压力，以迫使他同意做他不太愿意做的事，即给某人施加压力与to pressure同义。,(34) Why does the author start with the car industry before he focuses on tablet market? A. Because he treats the car industry as the key point for his writing. B. Because the car industry is more important than tablet market. C. Because he uses the car analogy(类比)for a more effective argumentation. 他用汽车类比作更有效的论证。 D. Because the model of the car is far more popular in the market. 答案 C。 解析由于家用小轿车是令人关注的产业，生产的厂家多，必然造成竞争的残酷性。把它类比做平板电脑的生产厂家，说明其竞争也很残酷。,三 Important words and expressions.,(1)breed：产生，导致； e.g.:1.If they are unemployed its bound to breed resentment. 如果他们失去工作，一定会产生怨恨。 2.Violence breeds violence. 暴力会催生更多暴力。,(2)excellence: (在质量/品质方面) 不能将就，要精益求精。 e.g.:1.His art has reached a high degree of excellence. 他的艺术已达到炉火纯青的地步。 2. 我的表演离优秀还差得远呢。 My performance is far below excellence.,(3)sedan n. 小轿车 e.g.:1.My parents own a Ford sedan. 我父母有一辆“福特”牌轿车。 2.司机把轿车掉头。 The driver turned the sedan about.,(4)segment 部分;片段 e.g.:1.The company dominates this segment of the market. 这家公司控制着这一部分市场。 2.Three-to-five day cruises are the fastest-growing segment of the market. 3 至 5 天的乘船游览是该市场中发展最快的部分 V 划分(市场) e.g.:1.The big six record companies are multinational, and thus can segment the world market into national ones. 六大唱片公司都是跨国经营，因此能够将世界市场按国家划分。,(5)fighting tooth and nail激烈争斗 e.g.:1. The twins fight tooth and nail over the slightest disagreement. 这对双胞胎为了一点儿小矛盾而吵得不可开交。 2. The whole profession fight tooth and nail against it. 同行的全体人员都极力反对。,(6)in retreat在撤退 e.g.:1. Yet there is no peace, theres no honor and theres no security in retreat. 然而，没有和平，没有尊重，撤退就没有的安全保障！ 2.He spent a few days in retreat. 他暂时退隐了几天。 3.部队正在向西后退。 The army was in retreat to the west.,(7)in Motion在开动中，在运转中 e.g.:1.Dont open the door while the train is in motion. 列车运行时，请勿打开车门。 2.行车时探身窗外是危险的。 It is dangerous to lean out of the window while the bus is in motion.,(8)afterthought n. 事后的考虑或想法；事后再想起；后来添加的东西 e.g.:1.Almost as an afterthought he added that he missed her. 他又几乎不假思索地补充说他想念她。 2.他知道她未经思考就欣然接受邀请。 He knew she had accepted without afterthought.,(9)trail 跟在后面； (在比赛或其他竞赛中）落后； e.g.:1.He scored again, leaving Dartford trailing 3-0 at the break. 他又进球了,使得中场休息时达特福德队以 3: 0 落后。 2.The polls showed the Tories trailed behind the Government by 17 per cent. 民调显示，保守党落后于政府 17 个百分点。,(10)pack产生巨大影响；震撼 e.g.:1.W. Somerset Maughams novel still packs an emotional punch. 威廉萨默塞特毛姆的小说仍具有强烈的情感冲击力。 (在竞赛中）领先其他对手 e.g.: 1. Europe has got used to following rather than leading the pack. 欧洲已经习惯了跟从，而不是领头儿。 2.社会党最终仍可能会领先。 The Socialists may still finish ahead of the pack.,(11) at work 起作用 e.g.:Is this plain bad luck or is it Murphys law at work? 这完全是运气背呢,还是墨菲定律在起作用呢？ (12)epic adj.宏大的，壮丽的， (13)supremacy n. 至高无上；最高权力；最高地位；霸权,(14)drive 由驱动和推动;被驱逐;由驱使 e.g.:1.The submarine is driven by nuclear power. 这艘潜艇是由核动力驱动的。 2.The ship was driven by a gale from its course. 大风把船吹离了航道。 3.妒忌使她杀死了她的朋友。 Driven by jealousy she killed her friend. 4.They were driven by poverty and hunger to steal,(15)innovationn. 改革,创新;新观念;新发明； e.g.:1.This technical innovation will save us much time and labour. 这项技术革新可以为我们节省大量的时间和劳力。 2.企业应鼓励创新。 An enterprise should encourage innovation.,(16)creativity n. 创造性，创造力，创作能力 e.g.:1.A good teacher can encourage artistic creativity. 好的老师能够激励艺术创造力。 2.There is limited scope for creativity in my job. 我的工作中发挥创造力的空间有限。,(17)release vt. 释放；放开； 发布;发表;公布；发行;推出(唱片、碟片或电影) e.g.:1.Theyre not releasing any more details yet. 他们还未公布更多细节。 2.Figures released yesterday show retail sales were down in March. 昨天公布的数据显示零售额在3月份有所下滑。 3.He is releasing an album of love songs. 他即将推出一张情歌专辑。,(18)Robust强健的;健壮的;坚固的;结实的 e.g.:1.More women than men go to the doctor. Perhaps men are more robust or worry less?. 看医生的女性多于男性。也许男性更强壮或者顾虑要少一些？ 2.Weve always specialised in making very robust, simply designed machinery. 我们一直专注于制造极为结实耐用而且设计简单的机器。,(19)board在竞赛或选举中）取得压倒性胜利，大获全胜 e.g.:1.If someone sweeps the board in a competition or election, they win nearly everything that it is possible to win. 2.Spain swept the board in boys team competitions. 西班牙队在男子团体比赛中大获全胜。,(19)Target： Target Corporation成立于1902年的零售业行业。 Engadget（瘾科技）:是2004年彼得罗杰斯创立的一个关于消费电子产品的流行科技网志与播客。该网志曾赢得多个奖项。现时Engadget拥有七个不同网站，全都以各自的员工同时地运作，以各自的语言覆盖全球不同地方的科技新闻。 Gizmodo：彼得罗杰斯曾是科技博客Gizmodo的创始编辑。2004年因公司拒绝罗杰斯希望获得公司部分股份的要求，一气之下，罗杰斯离开了Gizmodo并在当年3月与Weblogs联手创建了另一家数码消费品博客网站Engadget。在创建和发展Engadget的过程中，罗杰斯并没有简单复制Gizmodo。而是力求“站在消费者的立场”，提供第一手的数码产品最新图片、资讯，并深入第一线进行采访和报道。在不到一年的时间内， Engadget就让Gizmodo黯然失色。风险投资者预计，两家网站的价值都在3000万美元到5000万美元之间。,(20)rival没有敌手;独一无二;无人能及 e.g.:1.She defeat all her rival for the job with nonchalant ease. 她从容不迫地击败求职的所有竞争者。 2.He is a pastry chef without rival. 他是最好的面点师。,(22)to keep its feet to the fire=To hold someones feet to the fire， 最开始是折磨囚犯的一种方法，把囚犯的脚置于熊熊大火之上，烫得他受不了，以迫使他承认罪行，或者是提供信息。现在的意思已经有所改变。它是指给某人非肉体的压力，以迫使他同意做他不太愿意做的事。 在下面例句里说话的人是一个公司的总裁。他正在叫他的销售部经理给一个大的客户施加压力，促使他同意购买他们公司的产品，签一个涉及资金很大的合同。他说：Okay, Pete, stay after the CEO of that outfit - keep phoning him, inviting him to lunch, use any other way you can think of to keep pressure on him. We really need his business, so do your best to hold his feet to the fire! 他说： 行，Pete, 你就紧追那个单位的总裁不放 - 不断打电话给他，请他吃午饭，你可以想尽一切方法来给他施加压力。我们确实需要他的生意，所以你要尽你最大的努力来促使他同意签约。,(23)suck vt. 吮吸；吸入；卷进入；吸取 e.g.:1.Its good to suck in such clean fresh air for a change. 换个环境，吸点清新空气，真是好极了。 2.Bees suck honey from flowers. 蜜蜂从花中吸吮蜜汁。,(24)Push: 推，推动；促进 e.g.1.All our efforts are pushing towards a reorganization system. 我们正尽一切努力去整顿系统。 2.The company are pushing their new product. 这家公司正在推销他们的新产品。 3.Ive talked about teachers responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn. 我也曾讲到教师的职责是给予学生鼓舞,促进你们学习。 4.But they are one of the most powerful forces in the world pushing for peace, prosperity and international co-operation. 但在这个世界上，它们是促进和平、繁荣与国际合作最强大的力量之一。,(25)Scorch: 烧焦v. 烧焦，烤焦;严厉批评； e.g.:1This material will scorch easily if it is too near the fire. 这种材料如果太靠近炉火很容易烤焦。 scorching adj. 极热的，烧焦似的；苛刻的；尖酸刻薄的 e.g.:1.Peasants are busy weeding under the scorching sun. 农民在炎炎烈日下忙着除草。 2.That race was run in scorching weather. 那次赛跑是在酷热的天气中进行的。 3.It was a scorching hot day. 那是一个大热天。 4.At a time like this, scorching iron, not convincing argument, is needed. 现在这种时候，需要的不是有说服力的论理，而是炽热的烙铁。,(26)locked：卷入或陷于（困境、争论、争执等） Discussions are locked in stalemate. 讨论陷于僵局。 (27)furious adj.大力的;猛烈的;激烈的 e.g.:1.He ran at a furious pace to the company because he was ten minutes late . 他晚了十分钟，所以飞跑去公司。 2. Ade was furious at heart.,(28)Substantially: adv. 本质上，实质上；充分地；相当多地 e.g.:1.The price may go up quite substantially. 价格可能大大上扬. 2.The price was substantially higher than had been expected. 价格比预计的要高很多。,(29)at a clip:（美，非正式）每次，一次， e.g.:1.But the world is moving away from cash at a rapid clip. 不过,现在世界正在迅速摆脱使用现金的年代 2.I studied every night, sometimes for eight hours at a clip. 我每天晚上学习，有时候一次要学习八个小时。,四 Analysis of long and difficult sentences,1.Ask anyone who pays attention to the car industry and they will tell you that the family-sedan segment is just brutal, with manufacturers fighting tooth and nail over every sale. 本句为祈使句：动词为ask, 宾语为anyone；who pays attention to the car industry and they will tell you that the family-sedan segment is just brutal, with manufacturers fighting tooth and nail over every sale.为宾语从句；with manufacturers fightin