英语模块练习四.doc

通师教育英语模块练习四（句法部分）（A） There be 句型重要考点：1.There be句型的用法:1)There与be中间可插入一些表示推测的情态动词、表示时态的短语和一些动词短语,以强调某种语气。例如:There must be some flowers in the box. 盒子里肯定有些鲜花。There happened to be some money in my pocket.我的口袋里碰巧有一些钱。There will be a meeting this afternoon.注意:be不能换成have及have的变化形式。2)There be句型常与过去时间状语连用,构成一些固定句型,用于故事发生的开头,交代故事发生的时间。例如:Many years ago, there was such a beautiful girl called Helen.很久以前有一个叫海伦的美丽女孩。3)There be句型可换成There come / go,以引起注意,加强语气。例如:There comes the bus公共汽车来了。4)There be句型或There加其他动词的句型,其动词的单复数,常采用就近原则。例如:There is a desk, two chairs and three benches in the room. There are two chairs, a desk and three benches in the room. 5)There be或There加其他动词的句型,其反意疑问句一律用there例如:There is a cat in the garden, isnt there？使用There be句型时应注意:1)There be句型中的be 有各种时态。There is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚有个会议。There was a knock at the door.有人敲门。There has been a girl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。2)there be引到的句子结构中,用来修饰主语的不定式用主动形式和被动形式均可。例如:There is no time to lose (= to be lost).时间紧迫。There is nothing to see (=to be seen).看不见有什么。3)There be 句型中的一些固定用法：There is no sense in doing 做某事是没有用的，没有意义的 There is no sense in making him angry.跟他生气是没有用的。 There in no sense in going alone. 一个人去是没有好处的。 There is no use /good doing 做某事是没有用的，没有必要的 There is no use trying to explain it.解释是没有必要的。 There is no good/use going there. 去那儿是没有好处的。 There is no need to do 没有必要做某事 There is no need to worry. 没有必要担心。 There is no need to give him so much money.根本没有必要给他那么多钱。 There is thought/said/reported to be 人们认为有/据说有/据报道有There is thought to be an army between in these two countries。 人们认为在这两国之间有一场战争。 There is reported to be a better way to cure cancer. 据报道，找到了一种更好的治疗癌症的方法。 There is no doing（口语）不可能. There is no telling when he will be back.无法知道他什么时候回来。 There is no knowing what he is doing. 无法知道他在做什么。 (B)感叹句重要要考点：1.由感叹词what引导的感叹句。 what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式： What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！如：What an apple this is! What a fine day it is! What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！ 如：What kind women they are! What nice music it is! 2.由How引导的感叹句。 how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！ How hard the workers are working! How clever the girl is! How quickly the boy is writing! 注意：（1）当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。 How the runner runs! （2）what与how引导的感叹句，一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。如： What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is! What a beautiful building it is!=How beautiful the building is! （3）在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如：What a nice present!（省略it is） How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语）。(C)祈使句重要考点：1.祈使句的分类祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第、三人称祈使句两大类。（1）第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。如：Stand up! Dont worry about!注：但如果说话时有多人在场，就得把主语表示出来，或加呼语，以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。如：Parents with children go the front! 带孩子的家长到前面去!Mary clean the windows，and you boys wash the floor! 玛丽擦窗户，你们男孩子洗地板!Come in，everybody! 每个人都进来!有时将主语表示出来是为了加强语气或表示“不高兴”、“厌烦”、“鄙视”等情绪。如：Dont you be late again! 你可别再迟到了!You get out of here! 你给我滚出去!Mind your own business，you! 你少管闲事!（2）第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议。如：Lets go! Let us go home!Let him be here by 10 oclock祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如：Help! Patience! Quickly! Hands up!2.祈使句的强调形式及否定形式（1）祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do。如：Do be careful!Do stop talking!Do give my regards to your parents!务必一定代我向你父母问好!（2）祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加dont或never。如： Dont you be nervous!你不要紧张!（3）以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Lets或Let usme后加not。如：Lets not waste our time arguing about it! 咱们别浪费时间争论这事了!Lets not say anything about it! 这事咱们谁也别说!3.祈使句的反意疑问句（1）祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式，要用shall，will。如：Pass me the book，will you?（2）Lets表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“Shall we?”。如：Lets go for a walk，shall we?Lets forget it，shall we?（3）Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”如：Let us go for a walk，will you?（4）其它行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的祈使句，多用“will you?”，表一种客气的语气。如：Listen to me，will you?Dont tell anyone about it，will you?【但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“wont you?”表“提醒对方注意”或表“邀请”。如：Have a cup of coffee，wont you?Come in and take a seat，wont youwill you?】4.祈使句用于两个重要句型中（1）“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。 （2）“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示“否则；要不然”。试比较：Hurry up and youll catch the train. (If you hurry up，youll catch the train)Hurry up，or youll miss the train(If you dont hurry up，youll miss the train)祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语当祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语时，其常用结构为“askrequesttellorder sb(not)to do sth”。如：“Speak loudly，please!” the teacher said to me(The teacher asked me to speak loudly)“Dont smoke in the meeting room!” he said to Tom(He told Tom not to smoke in the meeting room)(D)反意疑问句反意疑问句对应规则二十四条【反意疑问句是英语四大问句之一，它是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句而构成的。反意疑问句的基本构成形式是：陈述句+动词（肯定或否定）+主语？（前肯后否）如：She often has lunch at school, doesnt she? You dont like sports, do you?】使用反意疑问句要注意以下若干对应规则：1.反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即：肯定+否定？ 否定+肯定？如：You cant do it, can you? They are very late for the meeting, arent they?2. 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致。如：He has supper at home every day, doesnt he? （不能用hasnt he?）They have known the matter, havent they? （不能用dont they?）3.反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。如：They will go to town soon, wont they?（不能用dont they?或 arent they?）He works very hard, doesnt he?（不能用didnt he?或wont he?）4. 反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：Your father is unhappy, isnt he?（不能用is he?）The man is dishonest, isnt he? （不能用is he?）It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isnt it?（不能用is it ?）5.反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：She never tells a lie, does she?（不用doesnt she?）He was seldom late, was he?（不用wasnt he?）6.反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am时，问句部分习惯上用arent I？表示。如： I am a very honest man, arent I ?7.反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。如：I think that he has done his best, hasnt he?We think that English is very useful, isnt it? （不用dont we?8.反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) dont think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如：I dont think that you can do it, can you? （不用do I?）We dont believe that the news is true, is it? （不用do we?）9.反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：They all think that English is very important, dont they? （不用isnt it?）He didnt think that the news was true, did he? （不用wasnt/ was it?）10.反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如： They said that you had finished your work, didnt they? （不用hadnt you） Kate told you that she would go there, didnt she? （不用wouldnt she?）11.陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，问句部分的主语用it。如： Something is wrong with the computer, isnt it? Nothing has happened to them, has it?12陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如：Someone has taken the seat, hasnt he? Everyone has done their best in the game, havent they?13.陈述部分为Let me时，问句部分习惯上用shall I? 或will you?形式。如： Let me have a try, shall I?(will you?)14.陈述部分为Let us时，问句部分习惯上用will you?形式。如： Let us stop to rest, will you?15.陈述部分为Lets时，问句部分习惯上用shall we?形式。如： Lets go home together, shall we?16.陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?形式表示请求，用wont you？形式表示委婉请求或邀请。如：Do sit down, wont you?/ will you? You feed the bird today, will you? Please open the window, will you?(wont you?)17.陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?形式。如： Dont make any noise, will you?18.陈述部分为There (Here) + be + 主语时，问句部分用动词+there(here)?形式。如：There are two cakes on the plate, arent there?Here is a story about Mark Twain, isnt here?19.陈述部分用had better +原形动词表示建议时，问句部分用hadnt +主语？形式。如：Youd better tell him about the matter, hadnt you?We had better do it by ourselves, hadnt we?20.陈述部分用used to +主语时，问句部分用didnt + 主语？或usednt +主语？形式。如：He used to live in the country, didnt he?/usednt he?They used to be good friends, didnt they?/usednt they?21.陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时