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思考一切马克思听力理解一、听力概述。1、听力题题型简介:1、11-18 8% 小对话。 2、19-25 7% 长对话。3、26-35 10% 段落理解题。 4、36-46 10% 复合式听写。8+3 前8个为单词,后3个为句子。二、段落题型。1、概述: 段落题型三大类型(历年考过99篇):(1) 故事型文章 50%(2) 说明型文章 40%(3) 科技型文章 10%2、故事型文章: 判断方式:人称词大于等于2个。 考点:(1)、解释结尾考点(听懂结尾)(判断标志:3秒停顿) (2)、转折考点(通用考点) 转折词:but, however , yet , , unexpectedly(未曾预料到的事) , surprisingly(令人惊讶的事) , otherwise. (3)、对话考点:抓住对话考点:he said , he laughed , he wept(哭) , answered . 抓升调:表示疑问或否定。3、说明型文章: 判断方式:以一个事物为中心反复讲解。 考点:(1)、more ,most. (2)、逻辑考点:因果词:because , so ,far as (表因为放在句首)。 让步词:though , although. 关系词:as long as , as soon as , as well ,not onlybut also 首末考点:首末句,首三句,末三句。 4、科技型文章:(P72,p2) 判断标志:scientist/experiment/research/observe/indicate. 结论、分析、例证。 抓答案抓如下词:find/indicate/discover/show/序数词(尤其第一点和最后一点一定要抓住)/转折考点(but/however)/首末句考点。 5、段落题解题原则: (1)视听一致 (2)顺序出题原则(不用听问题)三、小对话六大类型解题方法: 1、数字题: 1-1数量价格类: 如A$8.6 B$4.3 C$1.4 D$5.6 题面特征:数字、价格。 解题方法:简记数字、听新答案(+ - /),cent(分),bill(钞票、账单、零钱、找零)。 1-2时间题。 1-2-1时间细节类。 1-2-2时间运算类: 首末时间细节点,一个人的首末细节(P20,7) 首细节更重要,占 80% 时间点加减时间量:当以下词出现用加:delay/late/in/overwork(加班)/oversleep(睡过头)。当以下词出现用减:Early/earlier/ago/ahead of time(提前)当时间点超过一个,以现在时间点为基础。2、对话地点题(白送分) 以下四类prep.显示对话地点题: at/on/in/to,除此之外其它prep.都不能提示对话地点。 Check in/out 登记入住、离开 高频地方:饭店、酒店、机场。3、人物职业关系题: 3-1人物职业:secretary(秘书)、receptionist(前台接待)、waitress(女服务员)、airhostess(空姐)、tour guide(导游) 3-2 人物关系题: 考以下几种关系:医患关系、老板员工关系、recepyionist and customer/waiteress and customer(服务员与顾客)、airhostess and passenger(空姐与乘客)、tourist and tour guide(导游与游客)、母子关系、双胞胎关系。4、动作题:(P9,2) 题面特征:以to/to do/doing开头。 4-1 情态动作类:(P67,4) 情态词:could/must/have to/had better/would. 4-2 时间动作类(首先做) 时间词引导正确答案:now/right now. 时间次超过一个,照现在时间点。注意现在进行时考点。 4-3 建议动作类: Why not/Why dont you/How about doing/Whats about doing/If I were you/Why do(表示该动作的否定)。5、细节题:题干选项性质类似,首末细节。6、意义解释题:重读出考点。四、复合式听写(后三句):1、抓主谓。2、抓关键词(名词)3、补全答案,按语意和语法来补(不成句子不给分)4、注意事项:(1)字迹工整。 (2)不许留白。(3)单词只写前三个字母。 (4)由长到短、由难到易。(5)名词转代词 (6)人称方面用主格和宾格代词替换。(7)物件方面it. (8)修饰从无。(9)用简单的同义词替换 (10)检查过去式与被动语态(连读、失暴)。(11)检查第三 (12)检查名词的单复数。(13)检查大小 (14)注意拼写。五、小对话高频场景:1、图书馆场景: 1-1 apply for(申请)、application form(申请表)、application letter/the letter of application(申请表)、book card(图书卡)、 Liebary card(图书馆卡)、cancel(取消)、check(查询)、reapply(再申请)、check the book by title/index/author(按标题/索引/作者查询)、index finger(食指)、thumb(拇指)、zolume(卷宗)、catalogy(目录)、magazine(杂志)、issue(期刊)、back/current issue(过期/当前刊物)、(issue还有重大的难以解决的问题的意思,比如台湾问题)、journal(专业刊物)、preiodical(半月刊/月刊)、item(物件)、cassette(磁带)。Due(到期)、(due.即将做)、dedline(截止日期)、renew(续借)。2、学校场景: assignment(作业)、paper/thesis/essay(小品文、随笔)(以上三词都表示论文的意思,范围依次递减)、semester(学期)。有关课堂和学制: Optional course(选修课)、compluslory(必修课)、curriculum(专业课)、presentation(演示或呈现)、credit(学分)、year(学年)。有关学生:fresh man(大一新生)、sophomore(大二学生)、junior(大三学生)、senior(大四学生)、under graduate(在校生)、post graduate(研究生)。有关老师的词汇:dean(班主任)、professor(教授)、instuctor(讲师)、tutor(导师、家教)。3、医院场景: 四级考试只考:stomachache(头疼、胃疼)、twist ankle(扭脚) 有关治疗的词汇:make an appointment(预约)、treatment(治疗)、pill(药丸)、tablet(药片)。 表示不舒服:pale(苍白)。4、酒店场景: 有关预定的词汇:reserve/make a reservation for(预定)。 有关房型的词汇:single room(单人间)、double room(双人房)、standard suite(标准间)、presidential suite(总统套房)、honeymoon suite(蜜月套房)、room serve(客房服务)、register(登记)、register form(登记)、discount(打折)。5、餐厅场景: 订桌:reserve a table(for two,five) party(派对、宴会、党派、队伍、队列) e.g,How many people in your party?(先生几位?) order(点菜、菜)、special(特价菜)、steak(牛排)、dessert(甜点)、allergy(过敏)、alcohol(酒水)、check the bill(付账)、the bill is on me(我付钱)、split/divide the bill(AA制)。6、飞机场场景: flight(航班)、direct flight(直飞)、transfer flight(转机)(此外transfer还有转学、转部门、转会的意思)、air thicket(机票)、passport(护照)、luggage/baggage(行李)、security check(安检)、board(登机)、board gate(登机口)、take off(起飞)、land(降落)、departure time(起飞时间)、arrival time(到达时间)、transfer time(转机时间)、boarding time(登机时间)。五、听力核心多义词:A: 1、adopt (1)收养(2)采取、采纳。 cp:adapt to 适应、修改 表示修改的词:rewrite(重写)、improve(make sth . better)(修改)、revise(修改)。 2、article (1)文章(2)物品、物件(item/stuff)(3)法案(bill 法律)。 3、abuse (1)滥用(2)虐待。B:1、bear (1)熊(2)忍受(stand)(3)承载。 e.g.Blackboard bears a piece of newspaper.(黑板上有张报纸)。 beat (1)打死、打败(2)躲避(beat cross)(bodage) bill (1)账单(2)法案(3)钞票(4)小广告、招贴画(5)喙。1、 book (1)书(2)预定。 2、box(1)盒(3)拳击(box office票房)。C:1、case(1)案例(2)箱子(suit case行李箱)(3)事件、事情(in case of 以防) 2、charge(1)be in charge of负责/take charge in 接管(2)收费( be free charge 免费)(3)充电(4)使充满。D:1、dump(1)垃圾场(2)抛锚,拽(3)倾销。2、deal(1)处理(2)a good/great deal off大量的,修饰不可数名词 (3)成交、交易。(Its not a big deal.这没什么大不了的。) E: 1、exhaust(1)耗尽、枯竭(2)筋疲力尽(exhuasted)(2)尾气(the exhuast of auto汽车尾气) F:1、film (1)电影(2)拍摄(3)胶卷。(补充:run out of表示没有,是一种很地道的说法)。 2、fix (1)修理(2)固定install(固定)(3)确认confirm(fix the appointment 确认预定)(4)准备。J:jam (1)堵车。K:1、kid (1)小孩(2)开玩笑(3)小羊羔。 2、kill (1)杀人(2)消磨(时间、金钱)。L:1、lot (1)多的(2)地皮 parking lot 停车场。 2、let (1)租(rent)(let 指租出去)。 3、lobby (1)酒店大堂、大厅(2)游说、说服。M:match (1)竞赛、比赛、比(2)搭配、匹配(match maker 媒婆)(3)火柴。O:order (1)点菜,菜(2)命令(3)秩序。P:present (1)礼物(2)赠送(3)演示呈现(4)出席的(5)at present 现在 的,absent 缺席的。Q:quality (1)质量 high/low quality(质量的好/坏)(2)adj.质量好的。R:1、run (1)跑(2)经营。 2、release (1)结果的公布和公开(2)释放(气体)。S:1、school (1)学校(2)学院(graduate school 研究生学院)(3)流派、派别。2、stamp (1)邮票(2)贴邮集(3)跺脚。3、stick (1)树枝、拐棍(2)stick to 坚持(3)粘贴。4、stock (1)股票(2)out of stock(脱销)。5、stuff (1)材料、物件(2)塞、填充。T: 1、tell (1)区别、辨别 teller 出纳。2、tip (1)小费(2)尖端(3)温馨小贴士。3、tie (1)领带、鞋带、领结(2)系(3)关系(4)开局。六、语音现象: 1、连音现象: 连音的条件:结尾是辅音,开头是元音有连音现象。 例:check it out 结账、检查。 tough it out 艰难的、难对付的、难相处的。 tired of it 厌倦。 cut it out 停止。1、 失去爆破现象:六个爆破音:d t b p g k发音条件:结尾是爆破音,开头为辅音。例:next door/first love/hard time/cold feet?(紧张)在语流当中结尾是爆破音要轻读或弱读。2、 缩读: gonna=going to gotta=get to wanna=want to kinda=kind of(有些、有点) sorta=sort of(有些、有点)3、 英美的区别:(四级美音居多) 纯正发音:模仿影视剧作品。七、提高听力:听慢速VOA(美国之音)。听新闻方法步骤:1、 中文新闻。 2、英文的图像和声音。 3、英文的文字。 4、查询词汇。 5、背诵词汇。八、听力核心短语:A :appeal to (吸引 attack) at a loss(不清楚、混乱(多指精神状态)) at a mess(物理状态混乱)B: be worn out (衣衫褴褛、精疲力竭) be through with sb./sth.(完结、结束) do through (该动作的完结) read/write through (读完、写完) go through (经历(负面情绪) be stuck in (陷入)(P89,7) be held in (陷入) be off the work 下班 back sb./sth. up (支持)(support 力挺) backup n. 支援、支持 burn the midnight oil 熬夜(stay up) C: come out (1)出现、出来(2)开花(3)冲洗(develop)(4)公布(release) F: finger out 想清楚、弄明白 H: have a word with 聊天 have words with 吵架 L: lay off 下岗 O: out of word 好、非常好九、听力六大关键词汇: 1、转折词:but/however/yet/unexpectly 2、比较和最高级:most/more 3、序数词:first/second/third/finally 4、逻辑词:因果词:because/so/as far让步:though/although关系词:as long as/as soon as/as well/not onlybut also4、 重点形容词:(1) important(2) vital 至关重要(3) key 关键(4) crucial 至关重要(5) chief 首要的、主要的 6、事实罗列词 (1)in fact (2)as a matter of fact (3)actually (4)it is true that十、长对话: 1、找工作场景: (1)基本词汇: 找:look for 求职者:job hunter 猎头:head hunter 要求:require/requirement cp.:inquire(询问) inquire about/inquiry (2)职位: post/postion/vacancy (空白、空余)/job vancancy(职位空缺) (3)简历和面试: 简历:resume/CV 人力资源:HR 求职信:application letter/application form/the letter of application/cover letter 面试:interview 面试官:interviewer 面试者:interviewee 补充:address(解决)、addresser(寄件人)、addressee(收件人)、accept(接受)、turn down(拒绝)、decline(婉拒) resign(辞职)、broker(经纪人)、paid vacation(带薪假期)、stocks and bonds(股票你和债券)、account (正规的商务客户)、benefit package(福利)。 (4)工作性质: part-time job 兼职 full-time job 全职 intern 实习 intern job 实习工作1、转学场景: religious(宗教、教会大学)、private school(私立大学)、public school(公立大学)、community school(社区大学)。 faculty(全体教员)、location(地理位置)、speciality(教学特色)、tuition(学费)、intuition(直觉)、living expense(生活费)、register form(登记表)、enroll(登记入学)、school record(学校成绩)、diploma(文凭、证书)、Bachelor Degree(学士学位)、Master Degree(硕士学位)、certificate(证书)、major(专业)(My major is/Im inmajor/I major in)2、租房场景: landlord(房东)、landlady(女房东)、tenant(房客)、furniture(家具(不可数))(a piece of furniture)、furnished apartment(精装房)、unfurnish(未装修的)、flat(公寓)、basement(地下室)。3、矛盾环节: dump(垃圾场)、leaky(渗漏的)、tap(水龙头)、toilet(厕所)、 blackout(大停电)、contract(合同)、redecorate(装修)4、长对话抓答案:(1)、主要话题 (2)、主要结果 (3)、主要态度(语气、语调) (4、)主要人物身份十一、总结词汇: well-off(富裕的)、fairly/badly(很、非常)=very much、Two Session(“两会”)、NPC(全国人大)、CPPCC(全国政协)、allowance(允许、补助、津贴)、nothing but=only、house developer(房屋开发商)、be busy with(忙于)、in a nut shell=in a word、mad(疯、生气的)、weird(奇怪的)、abnormal(变态(生理状态的异常))、freak(变态、怪胎)、一个人提出一个未经调查的意见另一个人直接反驳,标志词:I hear、hang out(悬挂、闲逛)、stomach cramp(胃痉挛)、stratch(n.刮痕v.刮)、itch(痒)、forward this e-mail(转发邮件)、be under the impression(以为)、be sold out(售完)、this is my cup of tea/this is my style/type/taste(我喜欢(口语))、junior high school(初中)、turn out(结果)、brake(刹车)、safety/seat belt(安全带)、steering wheel(方向盘)、extra type(备胎)、out of shape(脱形)、be fed up with(厌倦)、father-in-law(岳父、公公)、step father(继父)、physical education(体育)、 写作写作概况:1、 分制:总分710,作文106;2、 话题:以校内话题为主;3、 题型:议论文、记叙文、书信、通告、图表题;4、 写作要求:(1)、内容: a、一定要涵盖提纲所有内容; b、内容上不追求高深,只要合理即可; c、内容与提纲相关; (2) 结构: a、三段文; b、确保出现下列三种语法现象: 1-定语从句; 2-现在分词做伴随状语(比较明显); 3-经典句型; C、单词; 议论文题型:1、 现象分析 2、How to 3、正反对比;一、现象分析类:段1:陈述现象:(1) 校园外现象:可用句型:1、 Nowadays, _, as _, is increasingly arousing pubic attention for very reason that_.2、 Nowadays, the newspapers have pushed the issue of _to the hub of the public attention/concern for the very reason that_.3、 Nowadays(时间状语开头法), everybody who often reads the newspaper might well(很可能地)exposed to(看到)such a fact as_(一个陈述句,用来写现象本身,不要复杂)which has recently been brought to the hub(center) of the public attention.替换单词:Many: a great/large/big/considerable number of;More and more: a greater/larger/bigger number of;Some: a number of(修饰可数名词);(2) 校园内现象:可用句型:1、 In campus, it can often be heard how to pass an exam, to hunt a good job or even to make friends. While , recently ,it seems/appears no other topics can arouse more peoples(students) attention than the one_.段2:分析原因;补充:议论文2、3段的写法。 结构为:主题句(归纳总结)+扩展据(总分结构)。 例:原因段落: Three reasons may account for it .FirstSecondThird 如下两种错误写法:1- FirstSecondThird The three ones mentioned above are the very reasons.2- FirstSecondFinally.主题句:如:There are two reasons for it; Two reasons may account for it.扩展句:1、 内容:主观原因、客观原因;2、 形式(写法):主观原因句:主语为“人”:some persons/students; feel/think/suppose/guess.客观原因句:主语为“非人”。 常用来构成“客观原因”的主语:1- the development of the society/economy 2- the intense globalization (全球化趋势)3- the improvement of the living standard(生 活水平提高了)4- the environment pollution(环境污染)5- the global warning(全球变暖)6- the shortage of nature resources(自然资源 短缺)7- the increase of the population(人口增加)8- the severe/cruel/acute/fierce competition of the talent market(人才上的激烈竞争)9- the sharp rise in the number of the graduate(毕业人数的增加)写法:(1) 首选且必须选:to such an extent that原因 所以 结果例:He got up late to such an extent that he was late for the meeting.Some students set high standards for their would-be jobs to such an extent that they feel it difficult to find work.(2) 再考虑可选句子:a、for the reason that(=because) He is absent because he is ill. He is absent for the reason that he is ill.b、,making 原因 结果 The number of the graduates is increasing every year, making the working opportunity.一个建议:用suchthat表主观原因,用,making/for the reason that表客观原因。例:Why, you may wonder?There are two reasons accounting for it. For one thing_(主观) suchthat.For the other_(客观),making_.段3:措施/危害 “措施”内容:万能措施建立相关法规: Establish some relevant policies/regulations/decrees/laws 另一措施具体而定 一个插曲: 即“动作段”的写法宗旨,即动词的三种形式,to do,谓语动词,doing尽量都有显示。 措施1:to do; 措施2:谓语动词; 用doing来伴随其上任易。(1) to do: 如下四个句型供选择a、 to do 作表语:The first important thing which plays the fundamental role in the issue solution is to do to establish some regulations.b、 to do做主语:To doserves to assist the problems thorough solution.To increase the investment on the R&D(research and development) to look for a new substitute energy serves to(看) assist the problems thorough solution.c、 to do 做同位语:The measure to doshould be taken as soon as possible.d、 to do作宾语:I strongly feet it(形式宾语) imperative(必要的) for the students/the authorities(政府) to doe、 一些替换词:feel可替换为think ,find ,consider.f、 此外,常见的含有to do的词组:Make up ones mind to doDetermine to doMake every effort to doSpare no effort to do (不遗余力的)(2) 谓语动词:如下常见句型:It is obviously imperative thatshould doIt is highly suggested thatshould doIt is high time thatdid(3) doing:doing用来做伴随状语,伴随to do或谓语动词。c. g: The first important thing is to establish some relevant decrees ,making the issue under control.补充:危害:negative effects. 隐患:potential negative effects.(4) 个人(*)社会对个人的危害:A for example , B (A是B的归纳型话语,B为具体的例子)如:假药对人的身体有害。例如,假药能杀人。又如,农民工对城市物质文明建设做出贡献,比如他们建设桥梁、地铁。又例如,同学A对我的生活的帮助很大,在我生病时他送我去医院Some fake commodities do harm to peoples health , for example ,fake medicine can even kill a person.Too much time on computer can cause some mental diseases , for example , one may feel rather depressed without computer.句型:The negative effects of _(该现象中的关键核心名词比如fake product或写it) are obvious. _,for example, _. Also it can by no mean(无论如何都难逃其咎的) escape from the blame for a dissatisfying/disappointing/awful society s forming.小结:现象分析题: 段1:现象陈述: 可用句型:1、Nowadays, _, as _, is increasingly arousing pubic attention for very reason that_. 2、Nowadays, the newspapers have pushed the issue of _to the hub of the public attention/concern for the very reason that_.3、Nowadays(时间状语开头法), everybody who often reads the newspaper might well(很可能地)exposed to(看到)such a fact as_(一个陈述句,用来写现象本身,不要复杂)which has recently been brought to the hub(center) of the public attention.4、In campus , it can often be heard how to pass an exam , to hunt a good job or even to make friends. While , recently , it seems/appears no other topics can arouse more peoples attention than the one_.段2:原因段。段3:措施可用句型:1、There are many measures to be taken. The first important thing is to_. In addition , in my view ,it is high time that(具体而定)。a) establish some relevant regulations/policies /decrees /laws and put them into practice.b) arouse the public concern/attention to it.c) increase the investment on it.危害:可用句型:The negative effects of _(该现象中的关键核心名词比如fake product或写it) are obvious. _,for example, _. Also it can by no mean(无论如何都难逃其咎的) escape from the blame for a dissatisfying/disappointing/awful society s forming.二、正反对比题1、“观点段” 2、“我认为” 3、“一些人认为”一个插曲:该类宾语从句的转化。 (1)“我认为” I think/believe that=View is that (表语从句转化法) =it is my view that (主语从句转化法) =I am of the impression/thought that =I have a view that (同位语从句转化法) I have always been of the impression that (2)“有些人认为” Some people believe =one allegation/view often ,made is that (表语从句转化法) =it is (general) believed by some persons that (主语从句转化法) =there is a general/common/popular view/allegation/assumption/belief among some people that (同位语从句转化法)正反对比的全文格式:段1:话题引入: 可用句型:1、 Recently ,there is going on a hot discussion on some websites bbs , arguing whether_ , which is hard to give a definite answer to.2、 Nowadays ,people are always talking about whether_ , which is really/indeed not easy to give a definite answer to.3、 _? As most of us have had the unpleasant occasion to discover , one persons answer can be quite different from anothers. People have their own ways of looking upon this problem and their and their own reasons for thinking so.段2:别人观点(包括正反两方) 可用句型:One allegation often made is that_, because they believe_. While, among the discussion sounds an opposite voice, saying_.段3:我的观点: 可用句型: In my opinion, I cannot agree with the latter any more, for I have always been under the impression that_. Further ,it is also one reason for my standing point that_.三、How to 题(大学做事有什么途径)段1:do 的重要性或必要性 可用句型:Frankly speaking , _ is obviously helpful/necessary for a college students growth , no matter what kind of specialty he or she is majoring in. For example, it can be greatly instrumental to develop a students ability in_, which will exert far-reaching significance for his or her future life.补充:沟通能力 communication 合作能力 cooperation 组织能力 organization 自立能力 self-dependence自律能力 self-discip
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