如何写好简单句.doc

如何写好简单句 ( 1 ) 简单句的基本句型(1) S(主语）+V（系动词）+P(表语） 主系表结构是由 “主语+系动词+表语”组成，用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语。连系动词有三类:（1）表示特征和存在状态的 be，seem,feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;(2）表示状态延续的 remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;(3）表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow.如:1. Traffic in cities is getting heavier and heavier.2. Anyone should be honest and helpful to his families,teachers and classmates.本句型中表语可以由名词，代词，形容词，副词，介词短语和分词等充当，如：1.He (主语) is (系动词) a boy. (名词作表语)2.She (主语) looks (系动词) beautiful. (形容词作表语)3.He (主语) is (系动词) in good health. (介词短语作表语)4.The students (主语) became (系动词) annoyed. (过去分词作表语)简单句的基本句型 (2) S（主语）（谓语）（）（状语）主谓结构是由 “主语+不及物动词” 构成,常用来表示主语的动作。 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词是不及物动词，能表达完整的意思,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。谓语的修饰语叫状语,状语可以出现在句首或句末，有时无状语。如:1.Great（定语）changes（主语）have taken place（状语）in my home town（状语）in the past ten years.2.She（主语）sat（谓语）there alone, reading a novel.（形容词alone和分词短语作伴随状语） 3.翻译下列句子：（1）她感到很愉快。She felt very happy.（2）叶子在秋天变成红色。 Leaves turned red in autumn.（3）不久杰克就成了一名熟练的出租车司机。Jack became a skilled taxi-driver soon. （4）昨夜她笑了。She laughed last night.（5）我在这座城市已生活了十年。I have lived in the city for ten years.1请划分以下句子的成分： （1）This kind of cloth（主语）feels（系动词）soft（表语）.（2）He（主语） fell（系动词）in love（表语）.（3）Our well（主语 ）has gone（系动词） dry（表语）.（4）The sun（主语）was shining（谓语）brightly（状语）.（5）The moon（主语）rose（谓语）high in the sky（状语）. 2连词成句。（1)dinner, smells, good, the The dinner smells good.（2)rowing,he,strong,is,tall,year by year, and He is growing tall and strong year by year.（3）his, face, turned, at, red, the, news His face turned red at the news.（4）talked, they, an, for, hour, half. hey talked for half an hour.简单句的基本句型（3）S(主语) V(谓语) O(宾语）主谓宾结构是由 “主语+及物动词+宾语” 构成。此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词，都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。而宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如：1.S+V+n./pron.(名词或代词作宾语)Many boys like football very much.2.S+V+infinitive (不定式作宾语)The Internet helps (to) make many friends 另外，以下动词也经常跟不定式作宾语:attempt, dare, desire,expect, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise等。 Mother promised to buy me a new computer.3.S+V+Whword+infinitive(whto do 作宾语)We haven，t decided where to hold the sports meet.常用于这个句型的动词有：ask, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see,settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。4.S+V+doing(动名词作宾语)I enjoy living in the country.常用于这个句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider(考虑),defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, risk,suggest, give up, can，t help等。 1请划分以下句子的成分：（1）Who（主语） knows（谓语） the answer（宾语）?（2）She（主语） smiled（谓语） her thanks（宾语）.（3）He（主语） has refused（谓语） to help them（宾语）.（4）He（主语 ）enjoys（谓语） reading（宾语）.（5）I（主语） am considering（谓语） changing my job（宾语） next month（状语）. 2. 翻译下列句子：（1）我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。I received a letter from my pen-friend in Australia（2）你们必须在两周内看完这些书。You must finish reading these books in two weeks（3）我喜欢流行音乐。I like pop music.（4）她知道下一步做什么。She knows what to do next.（5）我通常晚上在家做家庭作业。I usually do my homework at home in the evening.（6）我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。We havent decided when to discuss the problem again.英语基本句型(4). +Vt.（及物）+ IO +DO双宾语结构由“主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：He brings me cookies every day.He brings cookies to me every day.She bought me a beautiful skirt.She bought a beautiful skirt for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 1请划分以下句子的成分：(1) She(主语）ordered(谓语）herself(间接宾语） a new dress(直接宾语)(2) She(主语）cooked(谓语）her husband(间接宾语） a delicious meal(直接宾语)(3) I(主语）gave(谓语）my car(间接宾语）a wash(直接宾语) (4) He(主语）showed(谓语）me(间接宾语) how to run the machine(直接宾语)2.用上述句型翻译下列句子。(1)奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。Grandma told me an interesting story last night. (2)他把车票给列车员看。He showed the conductor the ticket.(3)我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。My father has bought me a new bike. (4)总裁告诉我们他的电话号码。The president told us his telephone number.(5)农民正在教那个男孩怎样种树。The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.3.用 to 或 for 将第2大题中的句子转换成另一种表达。(1)Grandma told an interesting story to me last night.(2)He showed the ticket to the conductor.(3)My father has bought a new bike for me.(4)The president told his telephone number to us.(5)The farmer is showing how to plant a tree to the boy.英语的基本句型（5 ) +（及物）+（宾语）+（宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。这就叫复合宾语结构。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：What he said made me very sad and disappointed .（形容词作宾补) 他的话让我既伤心又失望Suddenly I heard my neighbour shouting and laughing loudly （现在分词作宾补) 突然我听见我的邻居大声地又喊又笑。 特别提醒： 在“主语动词it + adj./n .+（for sb.）to do sth.”这个句型中，用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语to do sth.放到宾语补足语的后面。feel, make, think, consider，find, suppose等动词常用于这个句式。 1. We（主语）thought（谓语）it（形式宾语）necessary（宾补）for us to master at least a foreign language（真宾语）2. They（主语）made（谓语）it（形式宾语）a rule（宾补） to learn an English song a wee（真宾语） . 1请划分以下句子的成分：（1)They（主语）appointed（谓语）him（宾语）manager（宾补）.（2)They（主语）found（谓语）the house（宾语）deserted（宾补）.（3)What（主语）makes（谓语）him（宾语）think so（宾补）?（4)He（主语）asked（谓语）me（宾语）to come back soon（宾补）.（5)We（主语）saw（谓语）some children（宾语）dancing in the garden（宾补）. 2.翻译下列句子。（1)我们要使学校变得更美丽。We will make our school more beautiful. （2)我想要你把真相告诉我。I want you to tell me t