新视野大学英语泛读2课文翻译.doc

Unit 6A篇The Ugly Truth About Beauty -Like It or Not, Looks Do Matter By John Stossel We like to think of America as a meritocracy. A lot of us think we value people because of what they accomplish, or their character, or generosity, or intelligence-thats what we thought mattered, but are we just putting blinders on? 相貌歧视 - 不管喜欢不喜欢，相貌确实很重要 丁夏林 译 郭昌晖 校注 我们爱把美国看成一个精英荟萃的国家。我们许多人认为，自己之 所以看重别人是因为他们有成就，或人品好，或宽厚仁慈，或天资聪明 过去我们都认为这些是至关重要的， 但现在我们是不是都戴上障眼 物了呢？ More often than not it seems qualities other than skill, intelligence or character pay off. Heres an example. Anna Kournikova is ranked 37th in womens tennis, and has never won a major singles championship. So, why is it that Kournikova makes millions more dollars from endorsements than players ranked higher? 2 Looks dont only make a difference for women. Does New York Giants cornerback Jason Sehorn get so much attention just because hes a top athlete? Is that why he was featured in Sports Illustrated for Women? 3 You probably know about the famous Kennedy-Nixon debates-people listening on the radio thought Richard Nixon had won. Those watching TV thought the handsome John F.Kennedy won. 4 When Texas Sen. Phil Gramm sought the Republican nomination for president in 1996, he said ：“ The real question is whether someone as ugly as I am can be elected. ” Within months, Gramm dropped out of the race. 5 Did the press cover JFK Jr. so relentlessly solely because he was the son of a president? Would we have cared so much about Princess Di if she had looked like, say, Princess Margaret? 看来，给人们带来好处的往往不是技术、智力或人品，而是其他一 些特质。安娜库尔尼科娃就是一个例子。她在女子网球的世界排名中 位列第 37 ，而且还从未获得过重要的单打冠军。那么，为什么库尔尼 科娃从广告中获得的收入要比排名靠前的球员多几百万美元呢？ 2 美貌不仅对妇女管用。 纽约巨人橄榄球队的角后卫贾森泽霍 恩如此受人关注，难道仅仅因为他是一名顶级运动员吗？妇女体育画 报对他进行报道也只是因为上述那个原因吗？ 3 你也许了解肯尼迪和尼克松之间那场著名的电视辩论的情况 听收音机的人认为理查德尼克松获得了胜利， 而看电视的人则认 为赢家是英俊潇洒的肯尼迪。 4 得克萨斯州参议员菲尔格拉姆在 1996 年竞选共和党的总 统提名时曾说过：“真正的问题是像我这样相貌不佳的人能否被选 上。”几个月后，格拉姆就退出了竞选。 5 媒体连篇累牍地报道小肯尼迪的情况， 仅仅因为他是总统的儿 子吗？比如说，假如戴安娜王妃与玛格丽特公主一样相貌平平，我们还 会这么关注她吗？ Beauty and the Brain 6 It may seem obvious to most of us that people would prefer to look at beautiful faces. While beauty itself may be only skindeep, studies show our perception of beauty may be hardwired in our brains. In studies conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital ,Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers Itzhak Aharon, Nancy Etcoff, Dan Ariely, Christopher F. Chabris, Ethan OConnor, and Hans C. Breiter have used magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) technology to look at the activity in mens brains when they were shown pictures of beautiful womens faces. Breiter and his colleagues found that the same part of the bain lights up as when a hungry person sees food, or a gambler eyes cash, or a drug addict sees a fix. Essentially, beauty and addiction trigger the same areas in the brain. 7 Some researchers link this addictive pursuit of good looks to evolution. Anthropologist Helen Fisher, suggests that primitive man might have unconsciously thought that a pretty woman had a better chance of bearing healthy children. 美貌与大脑 6 显然，在我们大部分人的心目中，漂亮的脸蛋看似更诱人。虽 然美貌本身也许只是表面一层皮，但种种研究表明，我们的审美观可能 和我们的大脑密切相关。在马萨诸塞州总医学院进行的各项研究中，研 究人员伊扎克阿哈龙、南希埃特科夫、丹阿列力、克里斯托 弗 F 夏布里斯、伊桑奥康纳和汉斯 C 布赖特运用了磁共振 成像技术来观察男士在面对美貌女士照片时大脑的活动情况。 布赖特和 他的同事们发现，此时男士大脑的某区域开始兴奋起来，此区域与饥饿 的人看到食物、赌徒看到现金或瘾君子看到毒品时大脑兴奋的区域相 同。美貌与毒瘾激活的基本上是男士大脑中相同的区域。 7 一些研究人员把这种对美貌的上瘾似的追求与进化联系在一 起。人类学家海伦费希尔提出，原始人可能无意识地认为，漂亮女人 更有可能生出健康的孩子。 The Long and the Short of It 8 Likewise, evolution may have led women to prefer taller men. 9 Women will take just about any shortcoming in a man, except in the height department, according to Andrea McGinty, who founded the San Diego-based dating service Its Just Lunch. 10 McGinty helped ABCNEWS put together an experiment to test just how willing women are to date shorter men. We brought together several short men and asked them to stand next to taller men. We invited groups of women to look at the men and choose a date. 11 To see if the women would go for short guys who were successful, ABCNEWS Lynn Sherr created extraordinary r sum s for the shorter men. She told the women that the shorter men included a doctor, a best-selling author, a champion skier, a venture capitalist whod made millions by the age of 25. 12 Nothing worked. The women always chose the tall men. Sherr asked whether thered be anything she could say that would make the shortest of the men, who was 5 feet, irresistible. One of the women replied, “Maybe the only thing you could say is that the other four are murderers.” Another backed her up, saying that had the taller men had a criminal record she might have been swayed to choose a shorter man. Another said shed have considered the shorter men, if the taller men had been described as “child molesters”. 13 The desire for tall men begins very young, apparently. ABCNEWS gave elementary school students a test, asking them to match a small, medium or large figure of a man with a series of words. The kids overwhelmingly linked the tall figure to the words strong, handsome and smart. They linked the short figure to the words sad, scared and weak. More than half of the kids also chose to link the short figure to the words, dumb, yucky and no friends. 高矮的是是非非 8 同样，人类进化可能已使女人更偏爱身材高大的男士。 9 安德烈亚麦金蒂是圣迭戈一家名叫“幽情午餐”的约会服 务社的创始人。她说，女人几乎会容忍男人身人的任何缺点，唯独不能 容忍的是身材矮小。 10 麦金蒂帮助美国广播新闻网做了一个实验，测试女士们到底 在多大程度上愿意与身材矮小的男士约会。 我们让几个矮个子男士挨着 高个子的男士站在一起，然后邀请几组女士来看，从中选择约会对象。 11 为了看看女士是否会对事业有成的矮个男士有好感，美国广 播新闻网的林恩谢里为矮个男士设计的简历都很出众。 她告诉这些女 士，矮个子男士中有一位医生、一位畅销书作家、一个滑雪冠军和一位 25 岁时就已经赚了几百万美元的风险资本家。 12 但这些都没能奏效。女士们总是选择高个子男士。谢里问她 们，有没有什么东西她说了就能使那个最矮小的只有 5 英尺身高的男 人具有无法抗拒的魅力。一位女士说：“也许你只有说其他 4 个人都 是杀人凶手了。”另一位女士与她的看法一致，说是只有当高个男子有 犯罪记录时，她才会转而挑选矮个男子。另外一位女士说，如果高个子 男人曾被称为“猥亵孩子的人”，她就会考虑选择矮个子男人。 13 显然，对高个男人的好感早在孩提时代就已形成。美国广播 新闻网在小学生中做了一个实验， 让他们想出一系列词语来描绘不同身 材的男士。结果，孩子们几乎异口同声地用强壮、英俊和聪明来描绘身 材高大的男士，而把矮个子男士与可悲、胆怯及软弱等词联系起来。一 半以上的孩子还为身材矮小的男子选择了愚蠢、 讨厌及交不上朋友等词 语。Unit7 A篇设法对付人的重压感二战胜重压感有两种方法:一是精神上战胜它,二是从身体上战胜它。医学研究表明，人的心身是相互关连的，也就是说你的心理健康影响着你的身体状况，反之亦然。正如你已知道的，对重压的消极反应可能使身体出现患病症状，如头疼、肌肉发紧或者胃功能紊乱。反之，你的身体状况也会引起你精神压抑。所以对付重压感保持身心健康是相当重要的。下文中给你介绍一些对付重压感的技巧。1改变你所能改变的，接受你所不能改变的。设法对付紧张压力的最重要部分是：弄清楚哪些情形是你能改变的，学会去接受那些你无法改变的情形。当你区分了哪些情形是你能控制的，哪些情形是你无法控制的，那你就知道何时应采取行动，何时应不去理睬那些你解决不了的问题。例如：房子里很乱，这让你烦心，你可以采取行动去收拾它。你可以安排一个周末把那些你实际已不再需要的东西扔掉。这是一种你能够改变的情形。然而，如果你不喜欢本学期你所上的某一门课，你便需要采用一些技巧来对付这种令你产生重压感的情形，直到学期结束。在这种情形下，你接受挑战，并且学会处理这种情形的方法。来自外界的压力时常会导致重压感。我们有两个选择：我们或者改变对自己的要求，或者改变对压力的自我感知和反应。有时候，我们必须得承认：我们对自己的某些要求是不合理的。于是，我们要么接受它们，要么努力去改变这些要求。例如：一位老师布置一项作业，并规定了完成日期。由于你还有其他要做的作业，你开始觉得这项作业不合理；你觉得需要更多的时间来完成。此时，你有两种可能的选择：你可以试图去改变这个要求（如让老师延长点期限），或者你可以接受这种情况，改变你对这件事情的感知（如想想这项作业还是能完成的）。在后一种情况下，你或许需要去重新估计和改变你的其他作业安排。通过认识到在压力面前你是有选择的要么改变对自己的要求，要么改变对要