初中英语语法讲解-形容词.doc

授课讲义形容词形容词是用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的一种词类，它用于形容词或修饰名词或者代词对名词或者代词加以说明或限制，在句子中科做表语，定语等。一般放在所修饰的名词前，表示名词的特点和属性。也可用于BE动词后，表示事物的状态。形容词的用法1） 在句中作定语，放在名词前：She is a good student, and she works hard.This is a red bag.2） 句子中作表语,放在连系动词后面：This bike is expensive. I am sorry, Im busy now.This problem is very important.注： 连系动词包括：be, become, go, get, turn, grow, come, look, sound(听起来), taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),feel, appear, seem(似乎) 。其中go, get, turn, grow, come表示“变得”的意思。例：Lucy became famous. In autumn, leaves turn yellow. In summer, meat is easy to go bad. Her dream finally came true. This idea sounds very great. The soup tastes very delicious. These flowers smell very nice. After taking the medicine, Peter felt better. 英语单词中,something, anything, nothing 等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。 Is there anything interesting in the film. 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？ There is nothing dangerous here. 这儿一点都不危险。3） 多个形容词修饰名词的排列顺序当有两个以上的形容词用来修饰一名词时，其顺序如下：限定词（冠词，物主代词，指示代词，不定代词）数词（序数词，基数词）描绘性形容词 外观性形容词（大小、长短、形状、新旧、年龄、颜色）表属性的形容词（包括国籍等专有名词）表本质的形容词（材料，性质，用途）+ 名词，如：a table a beautiful table a beautiful big table a beautiful big round table a beautiful big round new table a beautiful big round new French table a beautiful big round new French hogany (桃花心木) table.a restaurant a large restaurant a large Chinese restauranta chair a conformable chair a conformable large chair a conformable large leather (皮) chair巧记忆口诀：大哥限描大，二哥形龄颜，小弟籍物类形容词的比较级和最高级绝大多数形容词有三种形式:原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。 分为规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化:构成变化例子单音节和部分双音节形容词加-er 和-estlong longer longestsmall smaller smallestwide wider widesthard harder hardest 少数以-y, -er, -ow, -le结尾的双音节形容词加-er 和-estclever cleverer cleverestnarrow narrower narrowestsimple simpler simplest以 “辅音字母+ -y 结尾的形容词变y为i,加-er 和-estdirty dirtier dirtiesteasy easier - easiest以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-estbig bigger biggest多数双音节词、三音节词或更多音节的词只需在前加more, mostcareful more careful most carefulinterestingmore interesting most interestingimportant more important most important beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 不规则变化:原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestbadworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(具体)/further(抽象)farthest/furthestoldolder/elder (elder只能做定语)oldest/eldest形容词原级、比较级、最高级的用法 1）形容词原级的用法 原级用于两者同级的比较。 肯定句： A+动词+as+原级+as+B Tom is as tall as Jim. 否定句： A+动词+not as (so) +原级+as+ B Tom is not so tall as Jim. 疑问句： Be+A+as+原级+as+B? Is Tom as tall as Jim? 2）形容词的比较级的用法分别以下列形式出现在句子当中： 1.比较级+than Lucy is older than me.2.more and more She is more and more beautiful. When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.3.The more , the more The richer a country is, the better the peoples life will be.国家越富，人民的生活就越好。在形容词的比较级前面可以用much, even, 或a little等修饰 如：Lucys dress is much cheaper than yours. Its much colder here in February than in March. Japan is a little larger than Germany. The pottery is more expensive than any other pottery.3）形容词最高级的用法 形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为: 主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句(of / in)注意：in+范围，场所 of +复数 （与主语同一类的人或事物） He is the tallest boy in our class. Lucy is the youngest girl of the three girls.4) 比较级和最高级的相互转化。Lucy is the tallest girl in the class. Lucy is taller than any other girl in the class.实践评估1. I have an _ book. Do you want to read it?A. good B. interesting C. new D. boring2. Have some milk, cheese and fish every day. They are _ for us.A. bad B. well C. help D. good 3. Li Ming is _ at English. He cant pass the exam.A. good B. poor C. hard D. easy4. Sam is 153cm _ and he will be 30cm _.A. tall . tall B. taller . taller C. tall . taller D. taller . tall5. He is as _ as his classmate.A. tall B. younger C. taller D. shorter6. I am _ to ride a bicycle.A. enough old B. old enough C. enough young D. young enough7. My teacher is _ today. She is in bed. A. well B. good C. ill D. easy8. Is there _ with this computer?A. wrong something B. wrong anything C. anything wrong D. something wrong9. We havent got _ vegetables. Lets go and buy some.A. some B. enough C. much D, a 10. This box is_ that one. A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as 11. This book is_ that one, but_ than that one. A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficult as; more expensive C. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as expensive 12. These children are _ this year than they were last year. A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller13. It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today. A. even hotter B. more hotter C. much more hot D. much hot 14. Which is _ country, China or Japan? A. the large B. the larger C. larger D. largest 15. Of the two cups, he bought _. A. the smaller B. the smallest C. small D. smaller16. Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most 17. I have got _ in my stamp album.A. many new short new green American stampsB. many nice short new green American stampsC. many short new green Chinese nice stamps18. Who jumped _ of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far19. Li Lei is_ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 20. Which month is _, June, July or August? A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest21. Mike, I have _ to tell you. A. important something B. important anything C. something important D. anything important22. My _ brother is three years _ than I. A. elder, elder B. older, oldest C. elder, older D. older, elder 23. The song sounds _. A. sweet B. nicely C. well D. moved 24. _ should study hard for their work. A. Young B. The young man C. The young D. The young girl 25. In summe