江苏高考英语专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破2细节理解_间接信息题优选习题.docx

二、细节理解 间接信息题(2018全国，A) Washington，D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.Duration：3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike，helmet，cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.Duration：3 hoursMorning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for DC.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington，D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21Which tour do you need to book in advance?ACherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.BWashington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.CCapital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.DWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一项自行车旅行中的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear！”可知，这项自行车旅行需要提前预订。其他三项自行车旅行都没有提到需要预订。22What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?AMeet famous people.BGo to a national park.CVisit well-known museums.DEnjoy interesting stories.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三项自行车旅行中的第二句“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks.”可知，在Capital City Bike Tour中，导游会为你讲述关于总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的最有趣的故事。23Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?ACity maps. BCameras.CMeals. DSafety lights.答案D解析细节理解题。由题干中的at night可定位到最后一项自行车旅行。根据最后两句“Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.”可知，在晚上进行的这项自行车旅行给游客配备了安全灯。一、题型解读1话题特点常考查间接信息理解类的话题有9：(1)人物类；(2)故事类；(3)文化教育类；(4)史地自然类；(5)社会生活类；(6)科普说明类。2设问形式特殊疑问句形式或填空形式：(1)According to the author/passage，.(2)What can we learn about.?(3)What was the reason for.?二、解题技巧“断章取义”定答案第一步：阅读题干，确定关键词，锁定原文相关信息第二步：定位题干关键词的转换形式第三步：利用正确选项特征，确定答案正确选项特征：(1)用同义或近义词复现。如【真题感悟】第21题题干中book in advance“提前预定”与原文中“Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear(在有效期即樱花消失前预约)”意思相同，所以知答案为A项。(2)同根词或原词复现。(3)语言简化。简化原文中的复杂语言现象，并设置为答案。(4)反义词复现。把原文中的意思反过来表达。A(2018山东枣庄一模)Natalie Trayling is a famous street artist in Melbourne.At first，those who happened to pass by her and spare some change didnt even realize what a musical 1genius was playing.The emotional tune was not only masterfully played but also composed by Natalie herself when she was only 14.Gradually，as long as she appears，people will stop，absorbed in her music.Her music makes you think about calmness，the good things in life，and never giving up.But what people do not know is that behind the beautiful music of the old woman，it is full of bitterness.At the age of 12，she won a music 2scholarship at Santa Maria College.At 15 she knocked back a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music in London because her parents couldnt pay non-tuition costs.When she left school，she taught piano at Santa Maria.Later she met her husband，Denis.They had four children，but the two of them died.In 1984，Denis asked for a divorce.Natalies son，Nathan，was given medication for depression.Natalie lived either outdoors in Royal Park or in boarding houses for nine years.In late 2003 Natalie collapsed with anaemia(贫血) and was hospitalized for six months.For half a century，Natalie has been 3teased by fate.But even so，she never gave up her love for music.When asked why music was so important to her，she said，“Music is everything.I do feel part of it.The whole world is music.”When Natalie went on the Internet，she became a sign of Melbourne.People are impressed by her 4persistence in dreams and the optimism of life.Now she is no longer wandering around.She can play the piano at any time，but as long as the weather is good，she will walk to the streets of Melbourne，and play a 9touching melody for the rush of the city.1Why is Natalies music so touching to the passers-by?AIt is full of bitterness.BShe composed it herself.CIts a reflection of her own life.DIt reminds them of the beauty of life.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Gradually，as long as she appears，people will stop，absorbed in her music.Her music makes you think about calmness，the good things in life，and never giving up.”可知，路人听到娜塔莉的演奏都会驻足聆听，因为娜塔莉的乐声让你沉静下来，思考生命中那些美好的事物，让你觉得永远都不要放弃。故选D。2Which of the following can replace the underlined words “knocked back” in Paragraph 2?AGave up. BObtained.CAccepted. DWas awarded.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“because her parents couldnt pay non-tuition costs”可知，娜塔莉在15岁时拒绝了伦敦皇家音乐学院的奖学金，因为她的父母负担不起学费以外的费用。故选A。3What does music mean to Natalie?AIts her hobby.BIts the source of her misfortune.CIt is part of her life.DIts a way to earn a living.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Music is everything.I do feel part of it.The whole world is music.”可知，对娜塔莉而言，音乐就是一切，她觉得自己是它的一部分，音乐是全世界。故选C。4What does the author try to tell us?ANatalie is a musical genius.BLife is not easy for everyone.CNever give up halfway.DNatalie has a strong and brave heart.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段得知娜塔莉在网上走红后，一下子成了墨尔本的标志。人们被她对梦想的执着和对生活的乐观精神所打动。说明作者想通过本文向我们介绍墨尔本坚强、勇敢的街头艺术家娜塔莉。故选D。B(2018山东泰安质检)Honesty is the best policy.We may agree that admitting mistakes and behaving in a genuine way is the right way to lead our lives，but is there something in our human nature that makes us immoral？For example，in some shops and car parks you can find an honesty boxa box where you pay for something by putting money in itbut it relies on you to put the right amount of cash in.This relies on people being honest and not trying to cheat but it does provide a 5temptation to 6get away with not paying the full amount.Philip Graves，a psychologist，suggests that this temptation is part of our 7evolution.He says，“We have evolved with the ability to be dishonest.Its part of our evolutionary psychological make-upbecause if we can gain an advantage over the people around us，we have a greater chance of surviving.”So why do we place such importance on being honest if we benefit from being dishonest? Its because it is selfish behavior.If everybody acted selfishly and dishonestly all the time，the world would be a very unpleasant place.As Philip Graves says，“There is a balance to strike between the extent to which we can feather our own nest，so to speak，and the risk of being ostracized(排斥) by the group.” So，for societies to work together we need to trust each other and therefore we need to be honest.Being trustworthy with money is of course vital for an economy to survive.But being honest with words is another matter，saying what we think to someone can get us into hot water.However，a new anonymous messaging app has been designed that lets anyone with a link to your profile(简介) to send you a message without knowing who its from.The app now has 300 million users which perhaps indicates how honest we really like to bebut in all honesty，do you want to know what people think about you? Is honesty always the best policy?语篇解读这是一篇议论文。在生活、工作中，诚实一定是上策吗？本文讨论了诚实守信是人的本能还是社交生活的必然产物。5What does an honesty box require people to do?AGet the change out of it freely.BPut the correct amount of money in it.CDonate the pocket money to others.DPay a larger amount of money.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For example，in some shops and car parks you can find an honesty boxa box where you pay for something by putting money in itbut it relies on you to put the right amount of cash in.”可知，诚实盒子要求人们在盒子里放入正确数目的钱。故选B。6According to Philip Graves，being dishonest .Ais a disadvantageBshould be 8advocatedCis part of our evolutionDhelps people survive better答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段Philip Graves的话“We have evolved with the ability to be dishonest.Its part of our evolutionary psychological make-upbecause if we can gain an advantage over the people around us，we have a greater chance of surviving.”可知，不诚实是我们进化的一部分。故选C。7What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?AThe reason for being honest.BThe benefit of being dishonest.CThe 10outcome of selfishness.DThe importance of group work.答案A解析段落大意题。根据第三段内容尤其是该段首句“So why do we place such importance on being honest if we benefit from being dishonest？”可知，此段主要向我们叙述要诚实的原因。故选A。8What can we infer from the text?AHonesty is always the best policy.BThe author is in favor of dishonesty.CThe market of the new app is promising.DBeing honest with words is sometimes improper.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“But being honest with words is another matter，saying what we think to someone can get us into hot water.”可知，诚实的话有时候是不恰当的。故选D。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1Chaplin was not just a genius，but he was among the most influential figures in film history.天才2Angelas 7,000 tuition at university this year will be paid for with scholarships.奖学金3He teased the dog by pulling its tail.戏弄4It requires time and persistence，so stick with it.毅力；坚持5Resist the temptation to buy the item until youre certain you need it.诱惑6Those who lie and cheat will never get away with it.(做了错事)不受惩罚 7The theory of evolution is the scientific idea that plants and animals develop and change gradually over a long period of time.进化8We advocate strict control of pollution to protect the environment.提倡(二)同义词语替换9The movie is about a sweet，touching romance story between a girl and a boy after their online encounter.moving10Five minutes from the end，the outcome of the match was still in doubt.result.长难句理解1When asked why music was so important to her，she said，“Music is everything.I do feel part of it.The whole world is music.”句式分析本句话主干为简单句五种句型中的主谓宾结构，主干的主语是 she，谓语是said，宾语是直接引语“Music is everything.I do feel part of it.The whole world is music.”。When asked why music was so important to her是状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为When she was asked why music was so important to her。精美译文当被问到为什么音乐对她那么重要时，她说：“音乐就是一切，我觉得自己是它的一部分，音乐是全世界。”2For example，in some shops and car parks you can find an honesty boxa box where you pay for something by putting money in itbut it relies on you to put the right amount of cash in.句式分析本句是并列句，第一个简单句是you can find an honesty box；a box where you pay for something by putting money in it是同位语，对前面的an honesty box加以解释；where you pay for something by putting money in it是定语从句。第二个简单句是it relies on you to put the right amount of cash in。精美译文例如，在一些商店和停车场，你会发现诚实盒子，就是你往里面放你买东西所花的钱的盒子，但是在盒子里放入正确数目的钱这依靠你自己。专题强化练(十七).单项填空1Physically challenged as Jack was，he did not himself to his fate.Aresist BreserveCresign Drescue答案C解析考查动词词义辨析。句意为：杰克虽然身体不太好，但是他不愿屈服于自己的命运。resist抵抗，抗拒；reserve储备，保留；resign委托，使听从，屈服；rescue营救，援救。resign oneself to ones fate屈服于自己的命运，为固定短语，故C项正确。2Have you ever been in a situation you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?Awhere BwhichCthat Das答案A解析句意为：你是否曾经处于这样一种境况？你明知道另一个人是对的，但你却不能同意他的看法。分析句子可知，句中的先行词为situation，在从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where。3She then took the little key，and opened it，trembling，but could not at first see anything ，because the windows were shut.Aplainly BcloselyCfirmly Dfrequently答案A解析句意为：于是她拿了那把小钥匙，颤抖着打开了它，但是因为窗户都是关着的，一开始没能看清楚任何东西。closely紧密地，接近的；firmly坚定地；frequently频繁地，均与句意不符。plainly清楚地，符合句意。4While interacting with people in India，I was to a way of life completely different from my own.Areduced BexposedCcommitted Dtransferred答案B解析句意为：在印度与人交流时，我接触到了一种生活方式，与我的完全不同。be reduced to减少到，沦落为；be committed to致力于；be transferred to被转移到，均不符合句意。be exposed to接触到，暴露于，符合语境。5Watching basketball games on TV at home is one thing，while going to watch them live is quite another.Aperform BperformingCto perform Dbeing performed答案D解析句意为：在家里的电视上看篮球比赛是一回事，去看现场比赛又是另外一回事。根据句意可知，perform与其逻辑主语them之间为被动关系，且此处表示去现场看正在进行的比赛，故应用being performed作宾语them的补足语，故D项正确。6 work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our social values.AHow BWhetherCThat DWhy答案C解析句意为：工作和创造性活动是人类进步的重要驱动者，这深深地植根于我们的社会价值观中。“ work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress”作主语，是主语从句，该从句结构意思完整，故应用that引导该从句。7Dont make a special journey to pick up the laundry for me.Its OK.I to the shop anyway.Awas going Bwill have goneChave gone Dwill be going答案D解析句意为：不用专门为我去取衣服。没关系。反正我都要去商店。由第一句可知，去取衣服是还没有发生的事情，由此可知，去商店是将来的事情，故D选项正确。D选项的将来进行时相当于一般将来时。8What is your impression of your former colleague Nick?Hes helpful，and he give us a hand at work.Amust BwouldCmay Dshould答案B解析句意为：你对前同事尼克的印象怎样？他很乐于助人，并经常在工作中帮助我们。must必须，肯定；would过去常常，将；may可能，可以；should竟然，应该。由第一句中的“former colleague”可知，Nick过去常常帮助同事，故B选项正确。9 the oil under the sea，the company has raised ample funds to develop petroleum exploration equipment.AExploiting BHaving exploitedCTo exploit DExploited答案C解析句意为：为了探索海底石油，该公司筹集了充足的资金来开发石油勘探设备。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故C选项正确。10Thanks to the special chemical of the soil in the mountainous area，this economic plant grows well there.Acomposition BcompetenceCconstruction Dconclusion答案A解析句意为：由于山区里土壤的特殊化学成分，这种经济作物在那儿生长得非常好。composition构成，合成物，成分；competence能力；construction建造；conclusion结论。根据常识可知，这里指化学成分，A选项正确。.阅读理解A(2018兴化一中考前适应性练习)Primavera SoundTo kick off the summer，theres no better place to be than Barcelona.On the concert lineup，youll find bands like The Zombies，Arcade Fire，and Bon Iver.Then take some time to soak up the local food，wine，and culture.Date: May 31June 4,2018Location: Barcelona，SpainMusic Type：Indie，rock，hip-hopPrice：80300 (around 86323)Recommended places to stay in Barcelona：Hotel 1898Hotel Barcelona UniversalMercer Hotel BarcelonaGovernors BallOne of the greatest summer concerts in New York City is Governors Ball，which takes place in early June at Randalls Island Park.Some of the many artists playing include Tool，Phoenix，Lorde，Flume，and the Wu-Tang Clan.Date：June 24,2018Location：New York City，New York，USAMusic Type：Rock，hip-hop，popPrice：105305Recommended places to stay in New York City：W New York-Union Square，Union Square，New York City，United StatesA loft HarlemSuper 8 Long Island City LGA HotelCourtyard New York Manhattan/Upper East SideBonnarooBonnaroo is another epic summer event that draws in crowds of around 60,000 each year.Some of the most iconic music legends will be playing this year，including U2，Red Hot Chili Peppers，The Weekend，and Chance the Rapper.Date：June 811,2018Location：Manchester，Tennessee，USAMusic Type：Rock，hip-hopPrice：210.50554feesRecommended places to stay in Manchester：Microtel Inn & Suites by Wyndham ManchesterCountry Inn & Suites ManchesterThe Ambassador Inn & Luxury语篇解读本篇为应用文，给读者推荐了三个夏天要听的音乐会，以及听音乐会要住的地方，这些音乐会由不同的乐队，在不同的时间、地点演奏，价格也有所不同，但也有共同之处：演奏摇滚和hip-hop(嘻哈)音乐。11On which of the days can you enjoy Rock，hip-hop in Primavera Sound?AJune 1,2018. BJune 5,2018.CJune 9,2018. DJune 11,2018.答案A解析细节理解题。由Primavera Sound 中的“Date：May 31June 4,2018”可知，我们可以在5月31日到6月4日之间欣赏Primavera Sound的摇滚和嘻哈音乐，因此A项正确。12To witness iconic music legend Chance the Rapper playing，which of the following is the recommended place to stay?ACourtyard New York Manhattan.BHotel Barcelona Universal.CRandalls Island Park.DThe Ambassador Inn & Luxury.答案D解析细节理解题。由Bonnaroo中的“Some of the most iconic music legends will be playing this year，including.and Chance the Rapper.”以及推荐地点中包括“The Ambassador Inn & Luxury”可知D项正确。B(2018无锡一中期初考试)MCDONALDS drew ridicule in China when it changed its registered name there to Jingongmen，or “Golden Arches”，in October，after it was sold to a Chinese corporate.Some on Weibo thought it sounded old-fashioned and awkward，others thinking that it had connotations(隐含意义) of furniture.The fast-food chain was quick to reassure customers that its restaurants would continue to go by Maidanglao，a rough transliteration(音译) that has，over the years，become a recognizable brand name.But for most companies now entering Chinese markets，transliterations are a thing of the past，says Amanda Liu，vice-president of Labbrand(朗标公司)，a consultancy based in Shanghai that advises firms on brand names.Companies are instead choosing Chinese names with meanings that capture peoples imagination.That often involves going beyond a direct translation.New entrants are taking inspiration from BMW，which is the evocative Baoma，or treasure horse，in China，and from Coca-Cola，which is Kekoukele，or delicious happinessThe naming process is forcing companies to think harder about the image they want to project in China，says Ms Liu.LinkedIn，a professional-networking site owned by Microsoft，chose the name Lingyin，or leading elite，in 2014，signifying more exclusivity than its Western name.Her other corporate customers have included Airbnb，Marvel