高考英语复习必备知识汇总之Book3.doc

Book 3 Unit 1-3重点短语和句型1.set down 写下2.in the first place 首先，第一3.burst into tears 大哭起来4.center on/upon 专心致志于5.in the name of 以-的名义6.apart from 除了7.run out of 用完8.sing high praise for 高度赞扬9.set sail 起航10.send in 上交11.in a row 排成一行12.apply for 申请13.concentrate on 聚精会神于-14.in exchange for作为交换15.in return 作为回报16.bring up 培养，教育17.refer to 涉及，谈到18.as a consequence of 因此19.break out 爆发20.feed-on 给-喂食21.表示禁止与警告Look out!Be careful!Take care!Dont do-Never do-.Youd better (not) do-.You cant/mustnt-.You are not allowed to-.22.形式评估和做出决定-all nations in the world agreed-Some would say-We should, however, realize-23.表示量度和进行比较646 meters long, 402 meters high635 kilogramsminus 75 degrees centigradeThat is the same as 30 TVs or a horse!It is also about 10 times my weight.I weigh about 3 TVs.Compared with-.On the whole-.知识点归纳：1.conclude(1)下结论，推断What do you conclude from that?你从这件事中得出什么结论？The report concluded that the cheapest option was to close the laboratory.这份报告认为最低廉的代价是关闭实验室。He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favor of the plan.他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞成这个计划。The police concluded that he was the murderer.警察推断他是谋杀者。It was concluded that the level of change would be low.结论是作出变更的程度很低。(2)结束，终止He concluded his speech with some amusing remarks.他说了一些有趣的话来结束演讲。Let me make some concluding remarks.我来说几句话，作为结束语。He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home.他讲话结束时祝愿大家一路平安。The commission concluded its investigation last month.委员会上个月终止了调查。(3)达成，订立They concluded a treaty with Turkey.他们同土耳其缔结了一项条约。A trade agreement was concluded between the two countries.两国之间签署了贸易协定。(4)conclusion n. 结论，推论，结局，签订，达成Ive come to the conclusion that he is not the right person for the job.我断定他不适合做这项工作。New evidence might lead to the conclusion that we are wrong.根据新的证据可能会推断出我们是错误的。We can safely draw some conclusions from our discussion.从讨论中我们可以有把握地得出一些结论。The conclusion of the book was disappointing.这部书的结尾令人失望。I propose a toast to the successful conclusion of the treaty.我提议为条约的签订干杯。(5)conclusive adj. 结论性的，确凿的conclusive evidence/proof/results确凿的证据；不容置疑的结果2.concern v.(1)影响，涉及，牵涉（常用被动）The loss was a tragedy for all concerned.这损失对有关各方来说都是极大的不幸。Where our childrens education is concerned, no compromise is acceptable.在事关我们孩子的教育问题上，那是毫无妥协余地的。The individuals concerned have some explaining to do.事情涉及到的每个人都要作一些解释。Everyone who was directly concerned in the incident has now resigned.所有与该事件有直接牵连的人都已辞职。(2)与-有关，涉及（常用be concerned with）The story concerns the princes efforts to rescue the girl.这故事讲的是王子奋力救那个女孩。The book is primarily concerned with Soviet-American relations during the Cold War.这本书主要讲的是冷战时的美苏关系。This chapter is concerned with the historical background.本章旨在讲述历史背景。(3)使担心，担忧What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change.让我担心的是我们对事态的变化缺乏准备。It concerns me that you no longer seem to care.你似乎不再在乎，这令我担忧。He didnt concern himself with the details.他对细节不感兴趣。(4)n. 担忧，担心Theres growing concern about violence on television.人们对电视上的暴力内容日见忧虑。She hasnt been seen for four days and there is concern for her safety.她四天不见踪影，人们对她的安全很担心。The report expressed concern over continuing high unemployment.报告表达了对失业率居高不下的担忧。Stress at work is a matter of concern to staff and management.工作压力是一件让员工和管理人员都关切的事。重要的事What are your main concerns as a writer?作为作家，你主要关注的是哪些问题。The governments primary concern is to reduce crime.政府的头等大事是减少犯罪。责任，有权知道的事This matter is their concern.这件事由他们负责。How much money I make is none of your concern.我赚多少钱不关你的事。(5)concernedadj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的，关心的The President is deeply concerned about this issue.总统对这个问题深感担忧。She was concerned that she might miss the turning and get lost.她担心自己会错过拐弯的地方而迷路。They were more concerned with how the other women has dressed than in what the speaker was saying.他们对别的妇女的衣着打扮比对发言人的讲话更感兴趣。as far as one is concerned 就-而言As far as I am concerned, I dont reject your marriage.就我个人而言，我不反对你们的婚姻。考题链接：Anything that _ Mr. Green interests me all the time.A. concerns B. matters C. concerning D. mattering答案 A分析 concern这里表示“关于，有关”，that引导定语从句，concern是从句中的谓语，所以用concerns。3.arise v. (arose, arisen)(1)（问题或困境）产生，出现A new crisis has arisen.新的危机已经产生。We keep them informed of any changes as they arise.如果有任何变化，我们会随时通知他们。A storm arose during the night.夜间暴风雨大作。Children should be disciplined when the need arises.必要时孩子们应受到管教。(2)arise out of/from sth. 由-引起，因-产生Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.身体上的原因可以引起情绪或精神上的问题。Are there any matters arising from the minutes of last meeting?上次会议记录方面有无尚待解决的事项？(3)出现，发展，发生Several new industries arose in the town.城里出现了好几种新行业。(4)起床，起身He arose at dawn.他黎明即起。The peasants arose against their masters.农民奋起反对奴役他们的人。4.worthwhile adj. (1)值得的，重要的，有趣的be worthwhile to do/ doing sth.The smile on her face made it all worthwhile.她脸上的笑容使一切都值得。High prices in the UK make it worthwhile for buyers to look abroad.英国的高价足以使买主把视线转向国外。It is worthwhile to include really high-quality illustrations.把真正高质量的插图包括进去是值得的。It didnt seem worthwhile writing it all out again.把这都再写出来似乎不必要。(2)be worth doing/ sth.be worthy of sth./ to be done/ of being doneOur house is worth about $100,000.我们的房子大约值10万美元。If your answer is correct, it is worth five points.答对了这道题可以得5分。The museum is worth a visit.这家博物馆值得参观。This idea is well worth considering.这个想法很值得考虑。A number of the reports findings are worthy of note.这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。The money we raise will be going to a very worthy cause.我们筹集的钱款将用于崇高的事业。This book is worthy of being read.这本书值得一读。考题链接：Although there are many _ programs on TV, I think people shouldnt spend all the time watching it.A. worthwhile B. worthy of C. interested D. worth答案 A分析 worth 只作表语，worthwhile可作表语或定语。5.fade vt. vi.(1)变淡，变暗All color faded from the sky.天上的颜色都褪去了。My jeans faded when they were washed.我的牛仔裤洗后褪色了。The sun had faded the curtains.太阳把窗帘晒褪了色。(2)逐渐消失Her smile faded.她的笑容逐渐消失。Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be fading away.达成协议的希望看来已逐渐渺茫。The laughter faded away.笑声逐渐消失。(3)衰退，衰落The runner faded on the final bend.跑步者在最后一个弯道处速度慢了下来。Her youth and beauty faded suddenly.她的青春和美丽突然间消失了。(4)fade away 衰弱，病重死亡fade in/out 淡入/出，渐显/隐In the last weeks of her life she simply faded away.她在生命的最后几个星期已是灯枯油尽了。He saw the monitor black out and then a few words faded in.他看见屏幕变暗，接着出现了几个字。Fade out the music at the end of the scene.在这个场景的末尾把音乐逐渐减弱。考题链接：More than one red coat _ for the sunlight is very strong.A. has faded B. have faded C. has disappeared D. have disappeared答案 A分析 disappear 指突然消失，而这里意思是“由于阳光强烈，衣服褪色了”，因此用 fade。6.in the name of (1)以-的名义，凭-的权威It is a war that waged in the name of liberation.这是一场假借解放的名义而进行的战争。We reserved the tickets in the name of Brown.我们用布朗的名字订了几张票。I arrest you in the name of law.我以法律的名义逮捕你。Where in the name of Heaven have you been?你到底上哪里去了？(2)以-为借口They committed crimes in the name of religion.他们以宗教的名义进行犯罪活动。(3)in name only 表面上，名义上He is a leader in name only; his deputy has effectively taken over.他不过是名义上的领导，他的副手实际上已经取而代之。(4)by/of the name of 称作，叫做He goes by the name of Henry.他的名字叫亨利。Someone of the name of Henry wants to see you.有个叫亨利的要见你。(5)make a name for oneself/ make ones name 成名，出名She first made a name for herself as an actress.她最初是以当演员出名的。(6)under the name of 用-作名字（不用真名）He writes under the name of Mark.他用马克这个名字写作。7.concentrate vt. vi.(1)concentrate (sth.) on sth./doing sth. 全神贯注于，专心于I cant concentrate with all that noise going on.吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法集中精力。We must concentrate our efforts on improving education.我们必须致力于改进教育工作。Having failed my French exams, I decided to concentrate on science subjects.因为法语考试不及格，我决心专攻理科。This firm concentrates on the European market.这家公司把工作重点集中在欧洲市场。(2)集合，集中Birds concentrate where food is abundant.鸟聚集在食物丰盛的地方。Troops are concentrating south of the river.军队正向河的南边集结。The governments plan is to concentrate new industries in areas of high unemployment.政府的计划是将新的工业集中于高失业区。(3)concentrated adj. 极度的，紧张的，浓缩的concentrated study/hate/effort紧张的学习/强烈的仇恨/专心致志的努力concentrated fire 集中的火力concentrated food浓缩食品8.apply vt. vi.(1)apply to sb. for sth. 申请，请求You should apply immediately, in person or by letter.你应该立即申请，亲自去或写信。It took him a month to apply the visa.他申请签证花了一个月。(2)贴，敷，涂Please apply the glue to both surfaces.请将两面都涂上胶水。Id never apply the word “readable” to any of his books.我决不会把他的任何一本书称为是“可以一读的”。(3)使生效，适用，有关apply a law执行法律These rules dont always apply.这些规则并非总能行得通。What I have said apply to only some of you.我所说的只适用于你们中的一部分人。(4)apply oneself/sth. to sth./ doing 集中精力，专心You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself (to your work).你只有专心致志，考试才能及格。We must apply our minds to finding a solution.我们要动脑筋找出解决的办法来。(5)applied adj. 应用的，实用的（一般作定语）applied mathematics 应用数学applied linguistics 应用语言学9.burst vt. vi.(1)爆炸，胀破If you blow that balloon up any more it will burst.那个气球再吹就要破了。The dam burst under the weight of water.那水坝在水的压力下决口了。Ive eaten so mush that I feel ready to burst!我吃得太多，肚子都要撑破了。Dont get so angry! You will burst a blood vessel!别生这么大的气，会把血管气崩的。(2)burst (sth.) open 突然打开burst in 突然进入The police burst the door open.警察把门撞开了。The police burst in and arrested the gang.警察突然闯进去逮捕了那帮人。(3)burst into sth. 突然而猛烈地发出或产生-All the trees burst into leaves.所有的树突然长出了新叶。The aircraft crashed and burst into flames.飞机坠毁起火。(4)burst out doing 突然开始做某事burst out crying/laughing/singing突然哭起来/笑起来/唱起来(5)An angry crowd burst through the lines of police and into the street.愤怒的人群突破了警方的封锁走到街上。The oil burst out of the ground.石油从地下喷发出来。The sun burst through the clouds.太阳突然从云端里露出来。10.differ vi.(1)differ from sb./sth. 不同，相异，有区别The brothers differ widely in their tastes.他们弟兄的爱好大相径庭。Tastes differ.人各有所好。In this respect, French differs from English.在这方面，法语不同于英语。(2)differ with/from sb. about/on sth. 不同意，持异议Im sorry to differ with you on that.对不起，在那一点上我与你看法不同。We differ on many things.我们在很多事情上意见都不一致。(3)difference n. difference between A and B A与B的差异make a difference 对-有作用或影响，重要Did you notice a difference in her?你注意到他有什么变化吗？Its easy to tell the difference between butter and margarine.区别黄油和人造黄油是很容易的。Theres not much difference in price between the two computers.这两种计算机价格没多大差别。The rain didnt make much difference to the game.这场雨对比赛没什么影响。The sea air has made a difference to her health.海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。It makes no difference to me what you say; Im not going.你怎么说对我都无所谓，反正我不去。11.claim vt. vi.(1)要求，索要After the Dukes death, his eldest son claimed the title.公爵死后，其长子要求继承爵位。She claims ownership of the land.她对这块土地的产权提出要求。Gardening claims much of my time in the summer.夏天园艺工作占去我大量时间。(2)索赔Have you claimed the insurance yet?你索取保险金了吗？You can claim for damage.你可以要求赔偿损害金。(3)声称，宣称，断言After the battle, both sides claimed victory.战后双方均宣称获胜。She claims that she is related to the Queen.她自称与女王有亲属关系。(4)值得，需要；（灾难中）失踪或死亡Important things claim out attention.重要的事情值得关注。The earthquake claimed thousands of victims.地震夺去数以千计的人的生命。12.dedicate vt.(1)奉献 dedicate oneself/sth. to sth.She dedicated her life to helping the poor.她毕生致力于帮助穷人。He always dedicates himself to his work.他总是投身于工作。She dedicated her first book to her husband.她把自己的第一本书献给了丈夫。(2)dedicated adj. 献身于某物的，专心致志的He is a dedicated teacher.他是一位有奉献精神的老师。This is a dedicated word processor.这是一台专门的文字处理机。(3)dedication n. 奉献，忠诚I admire the priests dedication.我钦慕这位牧师的奉献精神。13.send in (1)send sb. in派某人去某地Soldiers were sent in to quell the riots.已派士兵去镇压暴乱。(2)send sth. in将某物寄往某地Have you sent in your application for the job?你的求职申请寄出去了吗？(3)send for sth./sb.要求将某物取来或使某人到来Please send for a fresh supply of paper.请要求再送些纸来。Send for a doctor as soon as possible.尽快找个医生来。She has sent for someone to repair the TV.她已经请人来修电视机了。(4)send sth. out 放射出，长出The sun sends out light and warmth.太阳放出光和热。The trees send out new leaves in spring.树在春天长出新叶子。14.refer to(1)涉及，提到，与-有关When I said some people are stupid, I wasnt referring to you.我说有些人很愚蠢，并不是指你。Dont refer to this matter again, please.请不要再提这件事了。This incident in his childhood is never again referred to.他小时侯的这件事永远不再提了。What I have to say refers to all of you.我要说的事和你们大家都有关。(2)咨询，查询I referred to my watch for the exact time.我看了一下手表好知道准确的时间。The speakers often referred to his notes.那个发言的人不时地看发言稿。(3)refer sth./sb. to sb./sth.将-送交-以谋求帮助They referred the patient to a specialist for treatment.他们把病人送给专科医生治疗。This dispute was referred to the United Nations.这项争端已经提交联合国处理。I was referred to the manager.人家让我去找经理。15.transform (1)vt. 改变（形态、本质）We should try to transform heat into power.我们应该设法将热转化为能量。A fresh coat of paint can transform a room.房间重新粉刷一遍可以大为改观。She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely transformed her.她过去十分腼腆，但在国外待了一年后完全变了。(2)transmit v. 发射，传播（信号、新闻等）；传播（疾病）transfer v. n. 转移，换车，转换transfuse v. 输血，输液 (transfusion n.)The office was transferred from Belfast to Dublin.办公室从贝尔法斯特搬到了都柏林。He is hoping to transfer to another team.他希望换到另一个队。The driver had to have a blood transfusion after the car accident.车祸后司机必须输血。The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over 50 countries.世界杯决赛正在对50多个国家直播。The tension soon transmitted itself to all the members of the crowd.紧张的气氛迅速感染了每一个人。16.break out (1)突然发生，爆发Fire broke out during the night.夜间突然发生了火灾。Rioting broke out between rival groups of fans.双方球迷之间发生了骚乱。War broke out in 1939.1939 年爆发了战争。(2)break down 毁掉，打碎；坏了，不运转；情绪失控，健康变糟The old cars were broken down for their metal and parts.旧车被拆毁以利用其中的金属和零件。I tried to break down his opposition to our plan.我试图使他不再反对我们的计划。The car broke down.车坏了。The peace talk has broken down.和谈破裂了。He broke down and wept when his mother died.他妈妈去世时他失声痛哭。Her health broke down under the pressure of work.在强大的工作压力下她的身体不行了。(3)break up 碎开，击碎；驱散，分离，结束；崩溃，垮掉The ice will break up when the warm weather comes.天气变暖和时冰面会碎开。Their marriage broke up.他们的婚姻结束了。The crowd broke up.人群散开了。He may break up under all this pressure.这么大的压力下他会崩溃的。 同步练习：一、 单词拼写1.This is a new _(版本) of the dictionary.2.He drew a _(结论) from his repeated experiments.3.Its time for a break; youre _(解散).4.My greatest _(关心) is the economy of China.5.This job is better than that one in many _(方面).6.After the plane takes off, the sound of it _(消逝) away gradually.7.They _(租用) a concert hall which can seat more than 300 people.8.A mist _(生起) from the lake.9.She always _(不同) from me about how to do it.10.The boss _(提升，晋级) him to the post of chief accountant.11.She offered a _(报酬，奖金) of 2000 dollars for information about her missing son.12.They made a _(要求) for higher pay.13.She _(志愿) to be a teacher in the countryside.14.Whoever wants to go to America should go to get the visa at the American _(使馆).15.We should respect the _(存在) of every single person.二、 单项选择1.It is not easy to judge what words are _ and what words are not.A. worth to look at B. worth being looked upC. worth looking up D. worthy of looking up2.They spend the money on themselves rather than _ it to their families.A. to contribute B. contributed C. contributing D. having contributed3.What about _ to the dinner party?A. she invited B. her inviting C. her being invited D. she being invited4.Th