2016-2017学年高考英语阅读理解解析汇编（65）.doc

2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（65）阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。体裁：记叙文话题：热点关注时间：7分钟Does style really sell? How can the appearance of a product be more important than what it does? The battle between form and function rose again when James Dyson，British inventor of the Dyson vacuum(真空) cleaner that has sold in millions around the world，resigned as chairman of Londons Design Museum.It is widely believed that Mr.Dyson felt that the museum put too much stress on style at the expense of serious industrial design.Mr.Dyson accused the museum of not keeping true to itself.He may be right，but these days，museums everywhere can no longer afford to be unique centers of scholarship and learning.Among competition for sponsorship，they must use exhibitions of populist culture，nice cafes and shops or，best of all，a new building by Frank Gehry to increase visitor numbers.On the one hand，some producers can be too oldfashioned and too concerned with the importance of product engineering and the functionality of their goods.On the other hand，there are those who believe that how a product looks is more important.Design is indeed a broad term，involving both function and form.Typically，in any given product area，it changes from the former to the latter.Clothing is a good example.But surely you would have to be a very shallow person to think somethings appearance is more important than what it does.Today nearly all goods at any given price point do much the same job.So almost the only way producers can differentiate their products from those of their competitors is to create some sort of emotional connection with the consumer，which could be through the visual appeal of the product or its packaging，or the imagery(意象) created by advertising.And what of the Dyson vacuum cleaner? Mr.Dyson may believe that people buy these machines because of the graphs showing their superior suction，but most vacuum cleaners do a good job；the main reason people pay extra for a Dyson is that it is a vacuum cleaner with a trendy brand.With its inside workings exposed，it is a bit like a Richard Rogers building with all its pipes shown in bright colors on the outside instead of being hidden inside.Functional it may be，but it is a bit of a trick，too.【语篇导读】英国吸尘器发明家Dyson因强烈反对设计博物馆太过注重外在的风格样式而辞职，他认为这里应该是研究学问的地方。1Mr.Dyson left the Design Museum because he thought the museum _.Adidnt increase the number of visitorsBcouldnt provide scholarships for learnersCwasnt loyal to its original purpose of learningDdidnt have great appeal for serious industrial design解析推理判断题。由第一段的最后一句话和第二段的第一句可知，他辞职是因为设计博物馆太注重风格样式。他认为这里应该是研究学问的地方，他们的做法违背了这个初衷。答案C2Speaking of clothing，the underlined word“latter” refers to “_ ”Aaffording protectionBindicating ones identityCproviding warmthDmaking someone beautiful解析词义猜测题。根据文章内容可知，这里的latter指的是前面一句话中的form，即外形。因此D项正确。答案D3What can we learn from Paragraph 4?AA product with convenient packaging sells well.BThe majority of consumers prefer to buy branded goods.CMost similarly priced products are of a comparable standard.DEmotion contributes much to the development of advertising industry.解析细节理解题。由第四段的第一句可知，大多数指定价格的产品都做着同样的工作，即大多数相似价格的产品都有可比的标准。所以C项正确。答案C4What is the authors attitude towards the form of a product?AOptimistic. BSceptical.CDisapproving. DObjective.解析态度推断题。由最后两段的内容可知，作者认为产品的外形还是很重要的，但也是个小花招，因此作者对产品外形持客观的态度。选D。答案D阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。体裁：记叙文话题：人物介绍时间：7分钟(2014宁夏银川一中高三月考)Sam Walton，the founder of WalMart，was born in Kingfish，Oklahoma on March 29,1918.He was raised in Missouri where he worked in his fathers store while attending school.This was his first retailing(零售业) experience and he really enjoyed it.After graduation，he began his own career as a retail merchant.He soon opened his first WalMart store in 1962 in Rogers，Arkansas.WalMart specialized in name brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success.Soon a chain of WalMart stores sprang up across rural America.Waltons management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts of management that are still in use today.After taking the company public in 1970，Walton introduced his“profit sharing plan”The profit sharing plan was a plan for WalMart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store.Sam Walton believed that “individuals dont win，while teams do”Employees at WalMart stores were offered stock options(认股选择权) and store discounts.These benefits are commonplace today，but Walton was among the first to implement(实施) them.Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers and more sales.He also believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the companys success，they would care about the company.By the 1980s，WalMart had sales of over one billion dollars and over three hundred stores across North America.WalMarts unique decentralized(分散的) distribution system，also Waltons idea，created the edge needed to further encourage growth in the 1980s during growing complaints that the “superstore” was stopping smaller and traditional stores from developing.By 1991，WalMart was the largest US retailer with 1,700 stores.Walton remained active in managing the company，as president and CEO until 1988 and chairman until his death.He was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death.【语篇导读】本文介绍了沃尔玛公司的创始人山姆沃尔顿。1962年，他开办了第一家沃尔玛百货商店。经过几十年的奋斗，他使沃尔玛公司成为全球最大的连锁零售王国。他的经营理念现在仍然适用。1Sam Walton first made a hit in retailing when _.Ahe worked in his fathers storeBhe created Waltons management styleCa chain of WalMart stores sprang up across rural AmericaDhe specialized in name brands at low prices解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“WalMart specialized in name brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success.”可知，沃尔玛在低价销售名牌产品时取得了意想不到的成功，因此选D。答案D2What is the purpose of Waltons carrying out “profit sharing plan”？ATo make sure all the employees had their own shares.BTo encourage the employees to work hard and make joint efforts.CTo select excellent employees for his stores.DTo make more profit for himself.解析细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句“The profit sharing plan was a plan for WalMart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store.”可知，雇员的收入与商店的利润挂钩，这个计划就是为了鼓励员工努力工作。答案B3Which of the following statements is TRUE?AWith Waltons management style，employees treated the stores as their own.BWalton wasnt one of the merchants who first implemented stock options.CThe smaller and traditional stores were well affected by Waltons stores.DIn his old age，Walton gave all the management to his men.解析细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“He also believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the companys success，they would care about the company.”可知，沃尔顿的经营理念就是让员工把公司当成自己的一样去关心。答案A4What does the underlined word“edge” in the last paragraph mean here?ADanger. BDisadvantage.CAdvantage. DSystem.解析词义猜测题。根据上下文内容可知，沃尔顿的想法是让沃尔玛独特的分散配送体系创造优势以进一步鼓励发展，因此edge表示“优势”，故答案为C。答案C阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。体裁：议论文话题：积极人生时间：7分钟(2014河南新乡许昌平顶山高三调研)Gretchen Alexander is sightless.But she refuses to allow her blindness to limit her life activities.She enjoys archery，golf，softball，sailing and water skiing，as well as a number of other activities that those of us who are sighted have yet to learn.She also speaks to groups about living life fully.When speaking to a group of high school students，she was once asked if there was anything she wouldnt try.“Ive decided to never sky dive，” she answered.“It would scare the heck out of my dog.”Why do some people rise above their problems and live life fully，while others become defeated? Merle Shain explains it this way：“There are only two ways to approach life: as a victim or as a gallant fighter.And you must decide whether you want to act or to react.”When discouraged，a victim reacts，perhaps in pain or selfpity.But a fighter will act.A fighter will make a decision to change that set of circumstances that left him or her discouraged.Or a fighter will decide to accept those circumstances with grace and move ahead anyway.A fighter will decide to act with courage.A fighter will take responsibility for his or her happiness.No matter how afraid，a fighter will refuse to give in to the most defeating of all human emotionshelplessness.A victim reacts.A fighter acts.Its your decision.Its a decision about whether you will live your life fully with courage，or you will be forever defeated by harsh circumstances.Make it well，for it may be one of the most important decisions you ever make.Will you be a victim or a gallant fighter?【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文。文章以Gretchen Alexander 为例，论述了在生活中当你遇到不愉快的事情时，你应该做一名受害者还是做一名勇敢的战士。1The best title for this article would be _.AGretchen Alexanders LifeBMerle Shains Attitude to LifeCVictims and FightersDThe Way of Life解析标题归纳题。文章的最后一段“Will you be a victim or a gallant fighter？”点出了文章主题。故C项最适合作为文章标题。答案C2What can we learn about Gretchen Alexander from this passage?AShe is more athletic than those of us who are sighted.BShe is discouraged when her dog is scared.CThere is no limitation to her life activities.DShe is a brave fighter.解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Gretchen Alexander is sightless.But she refuses to allow her blindness to limit her life activities.”和“She also speaks to groups about living life fully.”可知，Gretchen Alexander在生活中是一位勇敢的战士。答案D3The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “_”Alife BchoiceCcourage Dcircumstance解析词义猜测题。从下文的“for it may be one of the most important decisions you ever make”可知，画线词的含义是“选择”。答案B4The third paragraph mainly talks about _.Athe difference between a victim and a fighter Bthe reactions to helplessnessCdecisionmakingDa fighters responsibility解析段落大意题。本段主要介绍了受害者和战士在遇到一些不好的事情时各自不同的表现受害者是有反应，而战士则是行动起来。故选A。答案A。【由福建省三明市2014高考模拟题改编】 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 Former Hollywood child star Shirley Temple died onMonday at home in Woodside，California，from natural causes “she was surrounded by her family and carers ,” astatement said With her charm and blonde curls(金色的卷发)，shewas one of the most popular stars of the 1930sin hitmovies like Bright Eyes and Stand Up and CheerHersinging，dancing and acting won over fans worldwideShewas given a special Oscar for child in 1935， when shewas just six years oldTo this day，she is still the youngest child to receive an Academy AwardAfter retiring from films in 1950 at the age of 21，Temple returned to the spotlight as a politicianand diplomat(外交家) Shirley Temple started her film career at threeBetween 1934 and 1938 she appeared in morethan 20 feature films and was the top US movie starShe wore a grass skirt and played a ukulele(四弦小吉它)to promote the musical Captain January，directed by David Butler，in 1936Sheattended her first big public performance for her film Wee Willie Winkie in Hollywood on 26 June，1937 As well as being the youngest receiver of an Oscar(at the age of 6 years and 3 1 0 days)，Templewas also the youngest child to present one of the statuettes(小金人)She stood on a chair to giveClaudette Colbert the best actress prize for it Happened One night in 1935At the age of 12Temples star burnt outher parents bought out the remaining time of her contract and sent her toan expensive girls schoo1Her final film，A Kiss for Corliss，is available to watch online for freeThis is the stars final ever moment on the big screenThe actress retired from Hollywood in 1950，but she still appeared occasionally on TVIn 1958 she wore a fairy godmother costume to promoteher series of dramatised fairy tales，Shirley Temples Storybook In 2006，she accepted the Life Achievement Award at the 12th Annual Screen Actors GuildAwards1Shirley Temple was popular with the world mainly because of_ Aher charm and blonde cuffs Bher singing，dancing and acting Cher young age as an actress Dher career being a diplomat2According to the passage，Shirley Temple was born in_.A1929 B1932 C1934 D19353From the passage we can infer that_. ATemple involved herself actively in political work after she was twentyone Bthe Life Achievement Award was given to Temple when she was young Cher parents sent her to an expensive girls school by contract Dthe film of her first public performance was Captain January4Which of the following statements is TRUE about Shirley Temple ? AShe ever received the Oscar award for the best actress BShe was the best child movie star in the world CShe was once a presenter at an Oscar Awarding ceremony DShe stopped appearing on any kind of media after 1950【参考答案】14、BAAC较难题目特训：介绍说明类 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produceeco-friendly tentsmade of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs.The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.To raise money for the idea, he toured the Citys private companies which fund new businesses and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mints directors and won their support. Mint has committed around500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr Dunlops business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year.Mr Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, su