《英语s发音规则》doc版.doc

清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果英语s发音规则（转自曲刚博客）英语学习 2010-08-24 17:05:52 阅读128 评论0 字号：大中小订阅 关于名词复数后面s的发音规则，我相信你已经看过了多遍语法书上名词复数后面的三条发音规则了，只是看不懂，也不会用。要掌握这些复杂难懂的规则，关键是要知道其背后的用意，从而不被表面的文字所迷惑。下面请你睁大双眼，我告诉你它们的真实用意其实就是为了两个字“顺口”。 没明白吗，稍微解释两句。s为什么可发s和z两个音呢，就为了顺口，这两个音一个弱一个强，一个无声一个有声（也就是过去所说的，前一个是清辅音，后一个是浊辅音），那么这两个音怎么用呢？很简单，遇到单词尾是不响亮的清辅音字母时（如p,t,k,f）就发s；遇到单词尾是响亮的浊辅音字母（如b,d,m,n,r）或元音字母（如a,e,o,u）时就发z，这样做的目的就是为了顺口。清辅音发音时仅气流从嘴里出来，声带不振动，发出的声音较弱，因此英语里认为清辅音是一种不响亮音，而浊辅音和元音发音时声带要振动，发出的声音大，因此英语里认为浊辅音和元音是响亮音。为了追求发音的顺口和协调，英语人民普遍有一个发音倾向，并且大家都在自觉地执行，就是让清辅音和清辅音连在一起（如ps,ts,ks,fs），让响亮音和响亮音连在一起（如bz, dz,mz, nz, rz, az），他们认为这样发音很顺口协调。在他们看来，要是让一个清辅音和一个浊辅音连在一块，比如fz,kz,pz,tz, 就好像让一个哑巴和一个大叫驴站在一块，怎么看都别扭,不顺口，不舒服。 因此英语人民在发名词复数后面s音时就自发自动地出现了的两个现象（也就是上面的第一条和第三条）： 1）s在p,t,k,f等清辅音后发s； 3）在其他情况下（即在浊辅音和元音后）发z。 怎么样，这回你明白了吗，要是没明白的话，别急着往下看，翻回头去再看几遍我上面说的话，直到彻底搞明白了再往下看。我向你保证，以上内容绝对十分简单，只是你过去学英语“复杂”惯了，猛然碰到个简单的，一时半会还转型不过来。 等你看明白了上面的话语，我再接着讲。 英语里有一些特别讨厌的单词，它们以s,z, sh, ch为结尾，比如单词bus, fox, dish, watch,等，这些单词的结尾音有一个一致的特点，就是和s的发音一样或特别接近，这使得若在这些单词的后面直接加个s来表达复数的话，成为buss, foxs, dishs, watchs的话，单词结尾的发音就出现了难题，因为区分两个一样或十分相近的s音十分困难，不信你念念上面单词，看你的嘴能否区分开。 怎样来解决这个难题呢？英语人民还真很智慧，他们不知道是谁带了头，想了一个办法来对付这个难题，就是在两个s之间塞个e，变成buses, foxes, dishes, watches，并且让e发音为i，这样一来不就把两个相似的s的发音间隔开了吗？妙妙妙！看来全世界群众的眼睛都是雪亮的。 那么buses, foxes, dishes, watches最后的那个s该怎么发音呢？ 这回该问你了，你不是看懂了我前面说的那段话了吗，里面有“响亮音要和响亮音连在一起”。e是个什么音？是元音，元音属声带振动的“响亮音”，并且e在这里发i，那么它后面跟个s该怎么发音，这还用说吗，肯定是顺口协调地与e一同发响亮的z了。 因此要是让我来修改上述三条规则，首先就是取消第二条，取消这个像烟雾弹一样的多余规则，都是它把问题搞乱了，这条多余的规则使整个规则的讲解都出现了逻辑上的混乱，就好像告诉别人“人类社会是由人类和大人小孩组成的”，这话谁能听得懂？ 取消第二条后我把上述三条规则改写成如下两条： 名词复数后的s 1）S在清辅音后发s 2）S在浊辅音或元音后发z。 如果你还能进一步看得明白，看得觉醒，我就索性将它再改一改，改成一步到位的、谁都能一眼看得明白记得住的下面两句话： 1）S在不响亮音后发s 2）S在响亮音后发z。清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供学校_ 班级_姓名_牛津小学英语6A第一单元测试卷听力部分（20分）班级： 姓名： 学号： 一、听录音，选择你所听到的单词或词组。(每小题读两遍。5分)( )1. A. classB. glassC. grass( )2. A. liftB. litterC. little( )3. A. boatB. coatC. note( )4. A. singB. signC. swing( )5. A. walkB. workC. water( )6. A. cakeB. cageC. cock( )7. A. stand upB. get upC. pick up( )8. A. keep offB. take offC. turn off ( )9. A. It means you must stay away from the building. B. It means you should keep off the grass. C. It means you shouldnt make noise here.( )10. A. Can I have an ice cream?B. Can I watch TV now? C. Can I play computer games?二、听录音，选择正确的应答。(每小题读两遍。5分)( )1. A. It is fine.B. Its September.C. Its Saturday.( )2. A. She is a teacher.B. Hes a doctor.C. You shouldnt climb the tree.( )3. A. Be a teacher.B. Go to the park.C. Play computer games.( )4. A. No, you cant.B. No, you arent.C. No, you dont.( )5. A. There are many animals.B. I can see many animals.C. We are looking at the signs.三、听对话，根据所给的问题，选择正确答案。 (每小题读两遍。5分)( ) 1. Where is your watch?A. It is at home.B. I dont have a watch.C. It is in the classroom.( )2. What does this sign mean?A. No littering.B. No smoking.C. No parking.( )3. Where is the girl from?A. She is from Japan.B. She is from China.C. She is from Australia.( )4. What time do you begin your lessons? A. 7:50.B. 8:10.C. 8:05.( )5. What colour is Toms sweater?A. blueB. blackC. brown四、听录音，完成下列句子。(短文读三遍。5分)Jack is Bens .He is only .He has a lot of .Now he is the and Ben some questions public signs.笔试部分（80分）一、判断下列单词画线部分读音是否相同,相同的用“”表示，不相同的用“”表示。(6分)( )1. daywaiter( )2. partyquarter( )3. teacher bread( )4. doctormonkey( )5. computer use( )6. plate black二、单项选择。(10分)( )1. You must stay from the building. A. awayB. outC. offD. up( )2. The park keeper points a sign on the grass. A. ofB. inC. withD. to( )3. I know about public signs. A. lots ofB. manyC. a lotD. a lots of( )4. The sign “No parking”. A. meanB. meansC. looksD. look( )5. Theres American student in my class, she is girl. A. an, aB. a, anC. an,theD. a, the( )6. There is a house . A. nearlyB. nearC. nearbyD. about( )7. Your book is under the chair. Please . A. pick up itB. pick it upC. pick them upD. pick up them( )8. Grandma is sleeping. We make noise. A. shouldB. shouldntC. canD. must( )9. This is ruler. You should give to . A. she, it, herB. shes, her, itC. her, it, sheD. her, it, her( )10. What _ on the plate? There _ some bread. A. is; areB. is; isC. /; isD. are; is三、翻译词组。(15分)1在墙上 2问一些问题 3散步 4捡起 5keep off the grass 6public signs 7make noise 8different things 9read a book 10look around 四、单词填空。(6分)1. Look, the old man (waters, is watering) the flowers in the garden.2. The sign (mean, means) “Do not touch”.3. Liu Tao likes (play, playing) football very much.4. These (watch, watches) are from his parents.5. This is not (my, mine) bag.6. Helen dances (beautiful, beautifully).五、按要求改写句子。(12分)1. Li Ming can sing an English song. （改为一般疑问句） Li Ming an English song?2. We should be quiet in the reading room. （改为同义句） We noise in the reading room.3. It means “No littering”. （对画线部分提问） it mean?4. The children are flying kites in the playground. （改为否定句） The children kites in the playground.5. Thats an apple. （改为复数句） apples.6. means, walk, on, shouldnt, the, we, it, grass. （连词成句） .六、完成对话。(10分)B: Hi! Look, there are a lot of signs here.G: Yes, they are public signs. B: . What does it mean?G: .B: Oh, I am thirsty. Can I drink some juice?G: No, you cant. Look at that sign. It says we shouldnt eat and drink here.B: I see. Look, theres a sign over there. It says “No parking”. What does it mean?A. There is a sign on the birds cage.B. It means “No eating and drinking”.C. Lets go.D. we cant park our bikes here.E. They all mean different things.G: It means B: All right. 七、翻译句子。(11分)1Mr Smith正在公园里散步。 Mr Smith in the park.2他们正在干什么？他们正在打扫教室。 they ? They the classroom.3太晚了。我必须回家了。 Its too _. I _ go home now.八、阅读理解。 （10分）AToday is Sunday. Tom hasnt got any homework. He can go shopping with his mother. In the shop, they get some bottles of oranges juice. Then they go to the fruit shop. They can see many fresh fruits in it. Tom and his mother get some apples and bananas there. Tom helps his mother carry the fruit, but he doesnt carry the bottles of orange juice.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。( )1. Today is the day of the week.A. firstB. lastC. second( )2. Tom his homework today.A. doesnt do B. doesC. is doing( )3. They buy first.A. meatB.juiceC. books( )4. The fruits in the shop are A. bigB. smallC. fresh( )5. Tom carries home.A. the juiceB. the bottlesC. the fruitBNancy has got a fever. Ben and Yang Ling are going to the hospital to see her. They get some fruit for Nancy. In the hospital, Ben sees a lot of signs on the wall, “No parking”, “Be quiet”. Yang Ling sees a special(特殊的) sign on the door. She doesnt know the sign. She asks a nurse near the door about it. The nurse tells her that it means “No entry”. The sign means other people shouldnt go inside(里面) the room except(除了) the doctors and nurses. At last（最后）, Ben and Yang Ling find Nancy. They hope she will get better soon.判断下列句子与短文内容是否相符，相符的用“”表示，不相符的用“”表示。( )6. Nancy is ill in hospital.( )7. Ben and Yang Ling get some flowers for Nancy.( )8. The sign “No entry” on the door means “闲人免进”.( )9. A doctor tells them the answer.( )10. There are many signs in the hospital.附加题(8)：用所给动词的正确形式填空：1. Mrs Black is _ (take) a walk in the park now. 2. Do you like _ (make) kites?3. We must _ (do) our homework now.4. Wang Bin often _(go) to school by bike.5. She can _ (play) the piano.6. Listen! Helen _(sing).7. What _ Mike _(have)? He _(have) some storybooks.牛津小学英语6A第一单元测试卷听力材料一、听录音，选择你所听到的单词或词组。(5)1.glass2.litter3.boat4.swing 5.walk 6.cage 7.pick up8.turn off9. It means you should keep off the grass. 10. Can I have an ice cream?二、听录音，选择正确的应答。(5)1. What day is it today? 2. What does “ No climbing” mean?3.Where do you often go at the weekend? 4.Can I go to the park now?5.What can you see?三、听对话，选择正确答案。 (5)1. Hi, what time is it? -Sorry, my watch is in the classroom.2.Theres a sign here. What does it mean? -It means we shouldnt put bikes here.3. Nice to meet you. Are you Chinese? -No, Im Japanese.4. What time do you begin your lessons? -We begin our lessons at ten past eight.5. Is this brown sweater Toms? -No, his is black.四、听录音，完成下列句子。(5)Jack is Bens brother .He is only four years old .He always has a lot of questions .Now he is in the park and asking Ben some questions about public signs.牛津小学英语6A第一单元测试卷参考答案听力部分一、BBACA，BCCBA 二、CCBAB 三、CCABB四、brother, four, years, old, always, questions, in, park, asking, about笔试部分一、二、ADCBA，CBBDB三、1. on the wall 2. ask some questions 3. take a walk 4. pick up 5. 远离草地 6. 公共标志 7. 吵闹，发出噪音 8. 不同的东西 9看书 10. 环顾四周四、1. is watering 2. means 3. playing 4. watches 5. my 6. beautifully五、1. Can, sing 2. shouldnt, make 3. What, does 4. arent, flying 5. Those, are6. It means we shouldnt walk on the grass. 六、EABDC七、1. is, taking, a, walk 2. What, are, doing, are, cleaning 3. late, must八、AABCC，清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供现在进行时讲解与练习一.现在进行时概念：现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。二. 现在进行时结构;Beving三.现在进行时几种句型用法：陈述句(肯定句)主语be(am, is, are)+现在分词，如：I am reading English.我正在读英语。He is writing.他正在写字。You are running.你正在跑步。、一般疑问句Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语现在分词，如：1. -Are you singing?你正在唱歌吗？-Yes, I am.是的，我在唱歌。(No, Im not.不，我不在唱歌。)2. -Is he (she) listening to music?他(她)在听音乐吗？-Yes, he (she) is.是的，他(她)在听音乐。No, he (she) isnt.不，他(她)不在听音乐。、特殊疑问句疑问词be (am, is, are)主语现在分词，如：1. -What are you doing?你正在干什么？-I am doing my homework.我正在做作业。2. -What is he (she) doing?他(她)正在干什么？-He (She) is riding a bike.他(她)正在骑自行车。否定句主语be(am, is, are)not+现在分词I am not reading English我不在读英语。【注】这里的现在分词指的是ving形式；像look(看)、listen(听)、now(现在) 常出现在现在进行时态句子中。请看： 1.Look! Jack is swimming.看！杰克正在游泳。2.Listen! She is singing.听！她正在唱歌。3.I am cleaning my room now.现在我正在打扫房间。 四.动词加ing的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 现在进行时基础专项练习： 一、写出下列动词的现在分词： play_ run_ swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _ _2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_ _ _3Im playing the football in the playground .(改为否定句)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (改为一般疑问句) _5. My mother is cooking some nice food now. ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_ _6.They are not watering the flowers now. (改为肯定句)现在进行时态提高题一.填空题1Mr Zheng (read) a book now.2. The rabbits (jump) now.3. Look ! Tom and John (swim).4. My brother (make) a kite in his room now.5. Look! The bus (stop).6. We (have) an English class now.7. Listen! Someone is (come).8. They (catch) butterflies now.9. He (do) an experiment now.10. They (collect) stamps now.11. Look! He (dive) now.12. Tom ( watch ) TV in the dining room.13. The doctors (get ) off the bus.14. Come on. They ( leave ) now.15. It (eat) fish now.16. My father (work) in the office now.17. Where is your mother? She (answer) the phone. 18. The teachers (run) now.二、按要求改写句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_对“ The boy”提问：_2.造句:1).she,the window,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_2).is,who,the window,cleaning?(连词成句)_3).She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)_4.)You are doing your homework.(用I作主语改写句子)_5).they,the tree,sing,now,under.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_6).The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句)_三、单项选择（ ）1.我在照看孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby.(B)Im look aftering the baby. (C)I look am aftering the baby.(D)I looking after the baby.( )2._friends making_a kite. (A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his( )3.Is the woman _ yellow your teacher? (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having( )4.Look!The twins_their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help(C)are helping (D)are looking( )5._are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where( )6.Is she_something? (A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats( )7.你在干什么? (A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do?(C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do?( )8.What are you listening_? (A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to( )9.我正在听他说话. (A)I listening to him. (B)Im listening to him.(C)Im listen to him. (D)Im listening him.( )10.They are_their clothes. (A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on( )11.Listen! She_in the classroom. (A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing( )12.Today Jim_ his white shirt and brown trousers. (A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing( )13._are you eating?Im eating_meat. (A)What,some (B)Which,any (C)Where,not (D)What,a( )14.They_TV in the evening.They do their homework.(A)are watching (B)cant watching (C)dont watch (D)dont watching ( )15.The children_football. (A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a( )16.They are flying kites. (A)他们喜欢放风筝. (B)他们在放风筝吗? (C)他们在放风筝. (D)他们常放风筝. ( )17.Look,They are swimming in the river.I want_you. (A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help ( )18.Look.Lucy is_a new bike today. (A)jumping (B)running (C)riding (D)takeing四、用现在进行时完成下列句子:1.What_you_(do)? 2.I_(sing) an English song.3.What_he_(mend)? 4.He_(mend) a car.5._you_(fly) a kite?Yes,_.6._she_(sit) in the boat? 7._you_(ask) questions?8.We_(play) games now.清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供浅谈如何调动小学生英语学习的积极性英语作为一门外来语，对于初学者来说，她总有着一层神秘的色彩，而小孩子对神秘的东西总怀有好奇的心理，俗话说兴趣是最好和老师，在小学英语教学中如何捕捉学生的好奇心，对于英语课堂教学可见是多么的重要了。一、儿歌记忆法小孩从咿了呀呀学母语开始，人们总是先教他/她认识身边的人、事物，如将家庭成员的称呼编成一首儿歌：爸爸、爸爸。Daddy,妈妈，妈妈。Mummy.爷爷，爷爷grandpa，奶奶、奶奶grandma，哥哥弟弟grogher，姐姐妹妹sister，姑姑阿姨叫aunt，叔叔舅舅叫uncle又如将常用的问候店编成早上好、good morning,晚安晚安、goodnight见面问好说Hello，你好吗？How are you?我很