高考英语语法专题复习讲义非谓语动词.doc

高考英语语法专题复习经典讲义过去分词归纳I形式和性质：1过去分词只有一种形式，即V-ed。没有所谓的“一般体”“进行体”与“完成体”之分。过去分词也没有“主动式”与“被动式”之称谓。2过去分词一般有以下特征：21 被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者（doer）。22 完成性： 与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作往往先已发生。分析1. The injured man （=The man who had been injured）was sent to hospital without delay. 2. This is the book borrowed (= which was borrowed) from the school library last week. 3. Done in a hurry(Because it had been done in a hurry), Toms homework was full of mistakes and errors.例外1. 在使役动词后作宾补的过去分词和带有将来时间状语的分词不具完成 性。如： Ill have my house enlarged. The car repaired this afternoon belongs to one of my friends. 2. 一些不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，不具被动性。 An old man was collecting the fallen leaves in the yard. The police were searching for the escaped man.II. 句法功能1. 主语 过去分词前加上定冠词可用作主语，表示一个类别的人（事物）。如： The accused have been acquitted. The wounded were left hidden in that village . 这种用法时，谓语一般用复数动词，但在上下文明确时也可能用于指一类中的个别，用单数动词。如： The deceased is his father. The wounded is a policeman.2. 宾语 过去分词前加上定冠词可用作宾语，也表示一个类别的人（事物）。如： Everyone in our society should respect and help the disabled. Listen to the voice of the oppressed . 3表语 The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. He is well known to us all.4定语 4.1 前置定语由单个分词充当 The broken glass is still lying on the table. The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. This sort of people seems not to be able to live in the changed world. He only collects used stamps. This phrase is often used in spoken English. A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. The risen sun is the sun that has risen high. That was a man-made satellite. He sent they his newly-invented devices.4.2 后置定语由分词短语充当 She was reading a novel written by Dickens. He works and lives in a school surrounded by green trees. The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesnt work well. The Braille is a language used for the blind. 偶尔也有单个分词作后置定语的情况。如： Things seen are mightier than things heard. 有时单个分词作前置定语与作后置定语的意义不同。如： The car used was a stolen one. (The car which was used at the time) The used car was still in the garage.( The old car which didnt work well )5宾补5.1 在感觉 / 知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. Everyone thought the battle lost except the general. He felt himself carried onto a carriage . I have never heard a single French word spoken before. The worst part was watching her wheeled away to an operating theatre while we waited and stared at the walls. (Collins GP1:Verbs, P.308)5.2 在使役动词后： make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He tried to make yourself understood in his broken English. I had my bad tooth pulled out yesterday. Last month the family got a new house built. Its very important for you to keep your parents informed of your situation. He left the food untouched and went out.5.3在意愿动词后： like, need, want, order, wish等。 He wont like the problem discussed at the meeting. They were arrested by immigration officials on Monday just hours after a High Court judge had ordered them freed from detention. (Collins GP1:Verbs, P.306) She came into the shop with a package saying: I dont need it changed, only re-wrapped. The king ordered the magic cloth woven at once. I want the case investigated further to make every detail clear.6状语6.1 方式和伴随情况 ( of manner or accompaniment ) He walked around outside, disturbed by the news. The teacher went out, followed by some pupils. The old man sat on the chair, lost in thought. Three large men rushed out of the house, armed with guns and knives. Supported by a girl, the old lady got off the bus. 表示方式的as if 和as though 可与过去分词连用。如： He walked back as if hurt in the leg.6.2 条件 (of condition) Heated to a high temperature, water changes into vapor. Given more time, we could do it better. Criticized by someone else, she could not have got so angry. Painted white, the house will appear nicer. 表示条件的过去分词可与连词if 和unless 连用。 I will not go to Toms party unless invited. Ill tell everything to the police if questioned about that.6.3原因和理由 (of reason or cause) Done in a hurry, Toms exercise was full of mistakes. Made of glass, the test tubes are easy to break. Wounded badly, he was sent to hospital. Tired with the trip, they went to bed early. Shocked by the sudden attack of the German army, the Poland Government was at a loss what to do. 表示原因的分词没有相应的连词可用。但有人认为since 有时可以接V-ed分词。6.4 时间 (of time) Dismissed by the boss of the hotel, John never got a job. Questioned by the police, the man was very much afraid. Carried towards the hospital the victim died from bleeding too much. 表示时间的分词可以与when, while, once, whenever，until 等连词连用，以使意义更为明确。 When asked by the teacher, he stood up and made no answer. Ill never speak to Jack until spoken to first. Once recognized, we can not avoid being caught. Whenever needed, I will come to your help. The necklace must be returned to you whenever found.6.5 让步（of concession） Badly wounded in the leg, the soldier refused to withdraw. Protected by 3 fences, Robinson Crusoe still felt unsafe. 表示让步的分词可与though, although 和even if / though 连用。如： Though surrounded for 5 days, our soldiers were not discouraged. Even if not invited, he went along to the evening party.6.6 地点 （of place） 过去分词只有与where或wherever连用，才可以表示地点。 Rats should be killed wherever found. Young students should go and work where needed.III. 过去分词在独立结构中的使用 Our house painted white, we like it better. All things considered, they set to work. The key to the house left in the office, he had to fetch it. The conference finished, Mr. Brown hurried home directly2012届高考英语语法专题复习动词的-ing形式和不定式的用法基础考点汇总：1.动词-ing形式在句中可以做主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语和宾补。具体用法参看课本P108.2. 动词不定式在句中除了不能做谓语外，可以充当任何成分。具体用法参看课本P108.根据提示完成下列句子。1. What do you think made Mary so upset？ _ her new bicycle(lose)2. _ new words is very useful to me. 学习生词对我很有用。3. Would you mind _? 打开窗户好吗？4. _the good news, he jumped with joy. 听到这个好消息，他高兴得跳了起来。5. _this, the woman scientist expressed her satisfaction. 听到这一点，那位女科学家表示满意。6. It is no use _(让他来帮忙). (ask)7. Have you _(读完了) the book? (finish)8. My doctor advised _(多锻炼). （take） 9. This problem _(需要思考)carefully. (need)10. _(乘火车来北京) takes about 3 hours. (come)11. Would you _(介意我打开) the window? (mind)12. I apologize for _(没有遵守) my promise. (keep)13. Ann has been _(期望来到) China for a long time. (look) 14. The bus stopped _ passengers 车停下来以便接乘客。15. I have nothing _ on this question. 对这个问题我无可奉告。巩固强化练习：1. As Ill be away for at least a year, Id appreciate _ now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.A. hearing B. to hear C. to be hearing D. having heard2. The teacher didnt feel like _ them on the spot.A. correct B. correcting C. to correct D. corrected3. With the old man _ the way, we had no trouble in _ that cave.A. leads, find B. leading, finding C. led, to find D. was leading, found4. I remember _ for the job, but I forget the exact amount.A. to pay B. paying C. to have paid D. being paid5. He was seen _ out.A. go B. to go C. went D. goes6. He hasnt got used _ in the countryside.A. live B. to live C. to living D. living7. We dont allow _ in the lecture room.A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking8. Im looking forward to _ from you soon.A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. being heard9. She doesnt mind _ at home alone though she may feel lonely.A. leave B. being left C. leaving D. to be left10. People from all the corners came to the city, _ it very crowded.A. to make B. and making C. made D. making11. _ all the time is the key to _ progress in English.A. Practise, making B. To practise, making C. Practise, make D. To practise, make12. Only one of these books is _.A. worth to read B. worth being readC. worth of readingD. worth reading13. _is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 14. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest15._ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received16. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make17. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct18. _ at the door before entering please.A. Knocked B. To knock C. Kn