初中英语非谓语动词总结.doc

初中英语非谓语动词总结一、不定式动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为to 动词原形，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。下面以近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例，对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点，作一简要的总结和分析，供同学们学习时参考。一、动词不定式作主语1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省)2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀区)4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is 形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is 名词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is 形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。二、动词不定式作宾语1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D简析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省)Key： 1. B 2. C简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。四、动词不定式作状语1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C简析go， come， try， do / try ones best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。3. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肃省)Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A简析be 形容词 to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _. (广东省)Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on简析在上述too 形容词/副词(for sb)to do(太而不能)和enough (for sb) to do(足以、足够做)结构中，不定式作结果状语。五、动词不定式作定语1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省)Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D简析不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。六、不带to的动词不定式1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陕西省)4. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (贵州省)Key： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C简析1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官动词和make， have， let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在had better后面接不带to的不定式。七、动词不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. didnt jump D. not jump (广西壮族自治区)2. The old man told the child _ noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省)3. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have， not to be B. have， not beC. be， not to be D. be， not be (内蒙古自治区)Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C简析动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has (广西壮族自治区)2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)3. Lets have a rest, shall we?Not now, I cant stop _ the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking简析一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下：stop to do sth意为停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事，stop doing sth意为停止正在做的事：remember to do sth意为记住去做某事(事还未做)，remember doing sth意为记得做过某事(事已做)：go on to do sth意为接着做某事(做完一事，接着做另一事)，go on doing sth意为继续做某事(一事未做完接着往下做)：forget to do sth意为忘了做某事(事还未做)，forget doing sth意为忘了曾做过某事(事已做)。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)6. A woman saw it _ when she was walking past.A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龙江省)Key： 5. B 6. A简析在see， hear， watch， feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束)，用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. Id like to (浙江省)2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?_. What time are we going to meet?A. No, I cant B. Yes, Im gladC. Yes, Id love to D. Id like (大连市)Keys： 1. D 2. C简析在口语中，动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时，第二个动词不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于be glad to，would like (love) to，have to等结构中。十、动词不定式的被动式和其他形式The new hospital _ is near the factory.A. build B. builds C. to build D. to be built (青海省)Key： D简析当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者(宾语)时，用动词不定式的被动式，即：to be 过去分词；如果不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，不定式用完成式，即：to have 过去分词；如果不定式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，用不定式的进行式，即：to be 现在分词练习：1. Dont forget _ the letter.A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent2. The chair looks very old， but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow？A. this B. that C. it D. which4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke5. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it.A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil6. On my way home， I stopped _ some food.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought7. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing8. The sitting-room needs _， but itll have to wait until Saturday.A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him10. Li Yang advised me _ too much， otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking 1. A. forget to do sth . 忘记去做某事。forget doing sth . 忘记做过某事。2. B. sit on the chair， 其中on不能少。3. C. it为形式主语。4. A. allow sb to do5. D. tell sb， to do6. B. stop to do 停下去做另一件事。stop doing 停止做某事。7. A. make sb do 在被动语态中为be made to do .8. B. need to be done与need doing皆为“需要被做”之意。9. B. 不定式结构作表语。10. A. 不定式的否定式：advise sb not to do二、动名词动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词，在英语中使用极其广泛，因此要求每位学生对其都应清楚了解并正确运用。下面就动词的-ing形式在句中做定语总结如下：动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置，如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语；如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如：1.He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。3.A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party？你知道来参加晚会的人数吗？注意：当-ing形式做后置定语时，可以相当于相应的定语从句。如：1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查，即：1)说明被修饰词的性质，特征或用途。如：1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。2.He may be in the reading room，for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。3.Ladies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the meeting room.女士们先生们，请去会议室等待。2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作。如：1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher？正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁？3)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词，常做定语用来修饰物，表示“令人”。常用的此类词有：exciting，amusing，amazing，astonishing，shocking，puzzling，confusing，disappointing，discouraging，pleasing，striking，boring，tiring，touching，moving，interesting，satisfying，terrifying，frightening等。如：1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那准时一段可怕的经历。2.The experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。3.There is a page missing from this book.这本书缺了一页。除了-ing形式能做定语外，如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动式，即being done.being doing通常表示正在被做，常做后置定语。如：1.The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。2.The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。-ing形式做定语专练1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollarsD.remaining 20 dollars.2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.A.covering B.covered C.cover D.to cover3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school，most _ were from Germany.A.study;of whom B.study;of them C.studying;of them D.studying;of whom4.The question _ at present has something important to do with our daily life.A.to be discussing B.to discuss C.been discussed D.being discussed5.China is a_country_to the third world.A.developed;belongs B.developing;belonging C.developing;belongs D.developed;belonged6.-Who is the man_to the teacher？-A model worker_our school.A.talks，visits B.is talking;is visiting C.talking;visiting D.talking;visited7.How many of us_，say，a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be interested in the discussion？A.attend B.attendingC.to attend D.have attended8.The flowers_sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smellingC.smelt D.to be smelt答案：D A D D B C B B三、分词一.概念: 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式二.相关知识点精讲:1.现在分词的用法： 1) 做表语： He was very amusing. That book was rather boring. 很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语： exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling. 2) 作定语： 上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰一个名词： That must have been a terrifying experience. I found him a charming person. 现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句： There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside. 3) 作状语： 现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作： Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain. Opening the drawer, he took out a box. Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. 现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句： Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. Being unemployed, he hasnt got much money. 现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句： Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Returning home, he began to do his homework. Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis. Be careful when crossing the road. Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. Having finished her work, she went home. 4)作宾补： 现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语： 例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等. I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop. I smelt something burning.She kept him working all day.2.过去分词的用法： 1) 作表语： We were so bored that we couldnt help yawning. She felt confused, and even frightened. They were very pleased with the girl. Im satisfied with your answer. He is not interested in research. 2) 作定语： She has a pleased look on her face. The teacher gave us a satisfied smile. cooked food a written report fried eggs boiled water frozen food armed forces required courses fallen leaves finished products a forced smile the risen sun new arrived visitors Whats the language spoken in that country? Theyre problem left over by history. The play put on by the teachers was a big success. Is there anybody injured? Do you know the number of books ordered? 3)作状语： Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. They came in, followed by some children. Depressed, he went to see his elder sister. When treated with kindness, he was very amiable. 4)作宾补： 过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语， 接在某些动词后面 I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.When they get ba