book1Unit4Earthquake自制学案.doc

Unit 4 Earthquake导学案Aims1. 了解唐山大地震的有关情况;地震前发生的一些异常现象，地震发生后对整个城市造成的毁灭性破坏，以及随之而来的全国军民大救援等。2. 认识到这个道理：如果我们能够了解并认识地震前的预兆，就能提前做好准备，让更多的人获得求生的机会，减少或避免不必要的损失。3. 进一步练习阅读方法与技能，如细读close reading,总结、归纳内容的能力summarizing,猜测词义的能力word-guessing skills4. 学习使用谈论过去经历的句子。5. 学习并掌握本课的词语、表达方式、语法结构。Warming up 张静媛一.Translate the following 1. It is always calm before a storm._.2. Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake._.这里imagine的意思是_.其后可跟名词，代词，动词的ing形式和宾语从句。例如：我想象不出他长的什么样儿。_.I can hardly imagine two of them_ the enemies.A.defeat B.to defeat C.defeating D.to have defeated3.Describe to your parter what might happen to all the things in the photos.Translate:_.在这里happen to sb/sth的意思是_.例如：你知道大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗？_? 另外，happen to do sth 的意思_ 例如：他来访时，我恰巧出去了。_.Answers: 暴风雨来临之前总是很平静的。 现在设想已经发生了一场大地震。 设想，想象 I cant imgaine what he looks like. C. 给你的同伴表述一下照片里的东西都发生了什么事情。 某人或某物发生什么事情 Do you know what happened to David last night?碰巧做某事 I happened to be out when he called.Reading 刘开芳A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP一Read the text quickly and join the correct parts of the sentences.A. the army came to help them. B. the quake happened while they were sleepingC. they were nervous. D. dams and wells were useless.E. they didnt know what the strange events meant.1. The chickens didnt eat because2. The people didnt worry because3. Such a great number of people died because4. Water was needed because5. The people did not lose hope becauseAnswers: CEBDA二Read the text again and answer the following questions.1. Why didnt chickens eat before the earthquake?2. Why did mice run out into the fields?3. When did these strange events happen?4. Why didnt people worry before the quake?5. When did the first quake last?6. How long did the first quake last?7. How many people were killed or injured in the Tangshan earthquake?8. Why were so many people killed or injured?9. Who were trapped under the ruins when another quake shook Tangshan?10. What did the army do after the big quake?Answers:1. Because they were too nervous.2. Because they wanted to look for places to hide.3. At about 3:00 am,on July28,1976.4. Because they were sleep when the quake happened.5. At 3:42 am,on July 28,1976.6. Fifteen seconds.7. More than 400,000.8. Because they didnt expect the earthquake before it and didnt prepare for it.9. Some of the rescue workers and doctors.10. They dug out those who were trapped and buried the dead.三 Scan the passage and find out the topic sentence of each paragraphParagraph Topic sentence Position in the paragraph1 2 3 4 Answers: Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. BeginningEverything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end. beginning Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. BeginningAll hope was not lost. Beginning四Read the text carefully again and find some detailed information from it.Paragraph1.Signs before an earthquakeWhat can see:_.What can smell:_.What can hear:_.Answers:Water in the village wells rose and fell;the well walls had deep cracks in them;The chickens and the pigs were too nervous to eat;Mice ran out of the fields looking for place to hide ; Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds; There were bright lights in the sky;The water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky.Paragraph2:What happened in the earthquake A huge crack_.Steam _.Hard hills of rock_.In fifteen seconds_.Two-thirds of people_.Thousands of families_.The number of _.Answers:That was eight kilometers long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals.Burst from holes in the ground.Became rivers of dirt.A large city lay in ruins.Died or were injured during the earthquake.Were killed and many children were left without parents.Peopoe who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.Paragraph3.Destructions of the earthquake:Hospitals:_.Factories and buildings:_.Bricks:_.Dams and bridges:_.railway tracks:_.cows:_.pigs and chickens:_.Answers: All of them were gone. 75of the factories and buildings were gone.Covered the ground like red autumn leaves. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. Were now useless pieces of steel. Would never give milk again. Were dead. Paragraph4.some rescue work:The army_.to the north of the city_. Workers_.Answers: organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.;most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.五Read the text again and finish the following passage._ happened in Tangshan. For a few days, water in the wells _. From the _ of wells _came out. Mice, chicken, pigs and even fish became _. At 3:00 am, everything began to _.It seemed that the world was _. _ of the nation _ it. _ cut across the city. The city lay _. Two-thirds of the people died or _. Then later that afternoon, another big quake _ Tangshan. People began to wonder _. But all hope _. Soldiers came to help those _. Slowly, the city began to _.Answers:Strange things rose and fell cracks smelly gas nervous Shake at an end One-third felt A huge crack in ruins were injured shook how long the disaster would last was not lost survivors breathe againLanguage points 李云颖 白晓峰 I.Exercises1.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.translate_.短语be covered with 的意思是_;例如：地面上全是雪。The ground _ _ _snow.2.Sand now filled the wells instead of water. translate_.短语be filled with的意思是_,相当于短语_.例如：我们都十分佩服他的成就。We_ all _ _admiration for his achievements. Instead of的意思是_,其用法相当于介词，常用在名词，副词，形容词，代词，介词短语或动名词前。Instead是副词，不能接任何词，意思是代替，顶替，反而，却。 例如：他没有回答，反而转身离开了房间。He didnt reply._,he turned on his heel 突然转身and left the room.现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。I can walk to work _ going by car.3.Another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.translate_.这里which引导的是_从句，修饰_把它分解成两个完全独立的句子为：A._.B,_.4.All hope was not lost.也可以说成：Not all hope was lost.意思是： _.它是部分否定。而No wind,however,could blow them away.是全部否定。意思是_.区别并翻译：Not all the birds can sing._.No birds can sing._.5.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. translate_.短语organize sb to do sth的意思是_Eg:上周学生会组织了我们进行大扫除。 The students union_ _ _ do the cleaning last week.They organized the workers into unions.translate_.6. To the north of the city,most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.translate_.在这里，to the north of: 在的北面表示不属于同一范围In the north of表示在同一范围On the north of 表示两地毗邻或接壤。Eg.用to the east of in the east of on the east of 填空Japan is _Asia.Japan is _China.North Korean is _China.思考：引导词为什么用whose， 在这里whose 相当于_. 例如：7. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.translate_.在这里，whose homes had been destroyed 是_从句，修饰_.你认识那个父亲是工程师的男孩吗？Do you know that boy _father is an engineer?who whose whomAnswers:1.砖头象秋天的落叶样盖在了地面上。 为覆盖 is/was covered with 2.现在井中满是沙子而不是水。 充满了 be full of are filled with 取代，代替 instead instead of 3.另外一次和第一次一样强烈的地震再次袭击了唐山。 定语 quake Another big quake shook Tangshan. The quake was almost as strong as the first one. 4.并非所有的希望都破灭了。 然而没有风能够刮走它们。 并非所有的鸟都会唱歌。 没有一只鸟会唱歌。 5.部队组织小组挖掘被困在下面的，同时掩埋死者。 组织某人做某事 organized us to 他们组织工人成立工会。 6.在城市的北方，10000矿工的绝大部分都被从那里 的煤矿里救出来了。 In the east of to the east of on the east of 7.工人们为幸存者搭建避难所，他们的家都被彻底破坏了。定语 surviors surviors whose II.Explanation1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away imagine: imagine + n. /pron./ G./ cl. imagine sb. to be shake : cause to move to and fro right away : at once ; in no time ; immediately right now : at this very moment Make up your mind_. Ill return the book_. 2.burst : to come open or fly apart suddenly The balloon suddenly burst. burst into + n. Some robbers burst into that house. burst out burst out + doing They burst out laughing. burst into+ n. burst out + doing He burst into laughter. = He burst out laughing He burst into tears. = He burst out crying. 3 . But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night. ( Non- Defining Attributive Clauses ) Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to like your deepest(Unit 1 ) because those who ruled England at that time spoke French. ( Unit 2 ) The plains where rice grows. ( Unit 3 ) ( Defining Attributive Clause ) 4. Two-thirds of the people died or were _injured_during the earthquake. (1)two-thirds= two thirds More than 61% of the surface of the surface of the earth _covered by water. Seventy percent of the workers in this factory _young. (2)injure: to hurt oneself/ sb / sth. physically Compare: injure/ hurt/wound Their criticisms _him deeply. have hurt Smoking will _his health. He was slightly _in the car accident. He got _in the fighting. What you said _my feeling. 5. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. wonder : v. A. to have a feeling of surprise. B. to be filled with curiosity or doubt. n. one that arouses astonishment, surprise ; admiration It is no wonder (that )= No wonder (that) -Tom often works deep into the night every day. -No wonder he always gets first in the examinations. 6. All hope was not lost. allnot = not all.: some but not all Not all the children are left. (= Only some of them left early.) Not all the children are noisy.(= Some of the children are not noisy.) & none of . None of us were allowed to go there. None of these reports is very helpful. Grammar 白春芳一、关系代词1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。eg：this is your book （which）you want。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 二、关系副词关系副词=介词+关系代词why=for whichwhere=to whichwhen=during whichwhose=of which1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 2. when引导定语从句表示时间注值得一提的是，表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 3. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.4. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话Some exercises1. The teacher has two children, _ are doctors.A.