高考英语专题三阅读理解题型一命题突破高考命题15主旨大意题精选题.docx

主旨大意题A(2018湖北八校二次联考)Whats small, buzzes here and there and visits flowers? If you say bees or hummingbirds, you get it. You wont be the first if you mix the two up. Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too.Scientists first compared the two back in the 1970s when studying how animals searched for food. The idea is that animals use a kind of math to make choices in order to minimize the work it takes to earn maximum rewards. Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers, and where flowers were located to others.“It was almost like an algorithm(算法) for efficient searching，” said David Pritchard, a biologist at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. Hummingbirds and bees had similar solutions.As the field of animal cognition(认知) appeared, hummingbird and bee research parted. Neuroscientists and behavioral ecologists developed ways to study bee behavior in naturalistic settings. Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab. To be fair, hummingbirds and bees differ. For example, hummingbirds have more advanced eyes and brains than bees. Honeybees and bumblebees are social; hummingbirds typically arent.“But however they perceive(察觉到) or process information, they both experience similar information，” Dr.Pritchard said. In daytoday searching for food, for example, hummingbirds may rely on more of a beeseye view than a birdseye view. Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they dont use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flowers original location. Dr.Pritchard is investigating if, like bees, hummingbirds engage in view matchinghovering, scanning snapshots of a place to their memory and using those as references later.1What is the center of the research on hummingbirds and bees in the 1970s?AMemory. BMovement rules.CReward calculating. DInformation processing.2Which subjects research methods were adopted to study the earning ability of hummingbirds?AMath. BBiology. CEcology. DPsychology.3How do researchers find out that hummingbirds are not like other birds?ABy setting them free. BBy moving flowers.CBy matching view. DBy making maps.4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AHummingbirds and BeesBHummingbirds in the LabCNew Trends in Studying BeesDThinking of Hummingbirds as Bees答案：【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍把蜂鸟和蜜蜂混在一起考虑，一组研究人员欣然接受了这种做法并对蜂鸟和蜜蜂进行了研究。1B解析：细节理解题。本题题干意为：在20世纪70年代对蜂鸟和蜜蜂的研究中心是什么？根据题干中的“in the 1970s”可定位到第二段。根据其中的“Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers.”(那时的研究人员关注它们的运动规律，如：它们采花粉的顺序)可知答案为B项。2D解析：细节理解题。本题题干意为：在研究蜂鸟的学习能力时(研究人员)使用了哪个学科的研究方法？根据文章第三段中“Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab.”(蜂鸟研究人员在实验室把蜂鸟与其他鸟类进行对比并引用了心理学的方法研究了它们的学习能力。)可知答案为D项。3B解析：细节理解题。本题题干意为：研究人员是如何发现蜂鸟和鸟类不同的？根据最后一段中的“Like other birds，they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they dont use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flowers original location.”(在长途飞行时，蜂鸟像其他鸟类那样，靠地标、距离和方向来绘制地图，但它们不用这些线索寻找花朵。把一朵花从蜂鸟认为其所在的位置挪动大约一英寸，蜂鸟还会在花朵原来的位置上方盘旋。)可知答案为B项。4D解析：标题归纳题。根据全文大意并结合第一段中“Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior，too.”(现在一组研究人员甚至说我们应该欣然接受把这两种动物放在同一个组里考虑的历史。科学家研究蜜蜂的方法也可帮助他们研究蜂鸟的行为。)可知答案为D项。B (2018湖南六校4月联考)“Chinas future highspeed trains might be selfdriving, with a top speed of around 600 kilometers per hour and an adjustable interior(内部) and entertainment systems with the highspeed Internet，” said a senior engineer on Monday.Fuxing, which debuted on the line connecting Beijing and Shanghai, has an operating speed of 350 km/hthe worlds fastest. It now serves a dozen major cities, from Chengdu, Sichuan Province, to Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, according to the China Railway Corporation.“Chinese scientists are developing a new model of Fuxing that can adapt to different track widths and still run consistently at 400 km/h，”said Ding, officer of the corporation.“These new trains can be used effectively in Russia or countries along the Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路)”“The new model will enter service within five years, about the same period needed to create and launch Fuxing. In the next 8 to 10 years, China will launch a highspeed bullet train that is suspended from a magnetic(磁力的) railnearly twice the speed of the one currently operating in Shanghai，”he said.Chinese engineers are also aiming to make future trains more comfortable, including adding more leg room in all carriages, stronger Internet signals and some highclass seats that might involve an adjustable interior and entertainment systems, such as windows that can change color or serve as movie screens.Artificial intelligence will be included in future trains, using equipment such as scanners that automatically check and deduct(扣除) fees when passengers board and exit trains without having to deal with tickets.Trains will also have advanced selfdrive systems that can predict abnormal conditions and automatically slow in case of emergencies. These systems will be finished within three years.Now, Chinas highspeed railway network has extended about 25,000 kilometers of track, which makes up about 60 percent of the worlds total, according to the corporation.1Which of the following statements about Chinas future highspeed trains is TRUE?APassengers can access the highspeed Internet.BIt will run at a top speed of 600 km/h.CAll of its systems will be adjustable.DThere will be no driver on it.2The underlined word “debuted” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “_”Awalked Bappeared Crelied Djumped3We can learn from the passage that _.Athe track width in Russia may be differentBthe present Fuxing is a magnetically suspending trainCChina has a total length of 25,000 kilometers of rail trackDthe new train to be in service in 5 years has nothing to do with Fuxing4What is the main theme of the passage?AThe history of Chinas highspeed trains.BThe future of Chinas trains.CChinas train development.DChinas future highspeed trains.答案：【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国未来的高速列车。1A解析：细节理解题。本题题干意为：关于中国未来的高速列车，下列哪个陈述是正确的？根据第一段中的“.entertainment systems with the highspeed Inte