中考英语简单句5种基本句型.doc

中考英语简单句5种基本句型简单句中包含有五种基本句型。1.S+Vi(Subject主语+Intransitive Verb不及物动词)例：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。She is walking along the lake.她正沿着湖边走。2.S+Vt+O(Subject主语+Transitive Verb及物动词+Object宾语)例：He found a bird in the tree.他发现树上有一只鸟。I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。3.S+link.V+P(Subject主语+link.verb系动词+Predicative表语)1)句型中系动词的位置可以用be动词来代替。2)句型中系动词可分为：表状态的系动词：be，keep，lie， look，remain，seem，smell，sound，sit，stand，stay，taste等。表变化或结果的系动词：become，come，get，grow，go，fall，prove，turn等。例：Time is up.时间到了。That man seems kind.那人看起来很善良。4.S+Vt+O+O(Subject主语+ Transitive Verb及物动词+Indirect Object间接宾语+Direct Object直接宾语)例：He bought his sister a piano.他给他妹妹买了一架钢琴。Let me give you a hand.让我帮你一下吧。5.S+Vt+O+C(Subject主语+ Transitive Verb及物动词+Object宾语+Complement补语)例：She kept us waiting for over three hours.她让我们等了3个多小时。We tried to make her happy.我们尽量使她高兴。英语基础知识(语法系列)系统总结与练习：简单句的五种基本句型句型一 主语+系动词+表语讲解 (1) 系动词的三种分类：在初中阶段，我们学过的表示“保持或状态”类的有be, remain, stay, keep, prove等；表示“变化”类的有grow, turn, get, become, fall, go, come等；表示“感官”类的有look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appear等。例如： I am a senior school student while he is a junior one. 我是高中生，他是初中生。After four years, Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor. 四年后，汤姆成了一名医生。The story sounds interesting and instructive. 这故事听起来既有趣，又有教育意义。(2) 可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短语)等。例如：In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday. (形容词作表语)In my mind, mother is my hero. (名词作表语)Look! Your pet dog is there. (副词作表语)The schoolbags come in different sizes. (介词短语作表语)Youve changed a lot. You are not what you were. (表语从句作表语)Many passengers got injured in the accident. (过去分词作表语)The machine keeps running for a long time. （现在分词短语作表语）(3) 使用系动词应注意的地方：第一，没有被动语态；第二，一般没有进行时(除了feel以外)；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。如：keep, grow, taste, feel, get, smell等。第四，非谓语一般用现在分词(这一点仅作了解，高中阶段将涉及。)例如：After two-days treatment, he felt well again. (不用was felt)He remains an excellent engineer in the factory. (不用 is remained)比较以下句子：The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.(keeps是系动词，而kept是及物动词)We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now. (grew是及物动词，而grow是系动词)Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth. (第一个felt是及物动词，而第二个是系动词)练习 选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空，注意动词的适当形式。(1) I _(remain / keep / stay) a nurse while he has _(turn / become) engineer.(2) Put the meat in the refrigerator (冰箱). It _ (go / get / turn / become) bad easily.(3) What he said _(sound / look / smell / taste) reasonable.(4) He feels _(comfortable / comfortably) working in the air-conditioned office.(5) We do morning exercises to _(keep / turn / become) healthy.(6) The apple _(tastes / is tasted) sweet. (7) Please keep _(安静); The baby has fallen _(睡着).(8) They work day and night to make their dream come _(实现).Key: (1) (4) remain, turned; goes; sounds; comfortable (5) (8) keep; tastes; quiet, asleep; true句型二 主语+不及物动词讲解 (1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如agree, lie, work, argue, belong, come, go, reply等。(2) 不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如agree with, lie in, work at, belong to, come across, go to等。(3) 有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如begin, sell, write, wash, answer, read等。例如：The meeting begins at half past nine. (不及物动词) The professor began his speech directly. (及物动词)The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them. (第一个sell为不及物动词，而第二个是及物动词)。练习 1. 指出划线部分动词的词性，是及物动词还是不及物动词。(1) Speak aloud so that everyone can follow you. ( )(2) Besides Japanese, he can also speak Spanish. ( )(3) His father used to work hard to make much money. ( )(4) I intended to lie to him, but failed. ( )(5) Unfortunately, I failed the driving test. ( )2. 在每一空格上填上恰当的介词。(1) I dont agree _ you completely. I have my own opinion.(2) The dictionary is not Toms. It belongs _ me.(3) Use your head, and you will think _ some ways to solve the problem.(4) To improve my English, I work hard _ it.(5) Look _ the cloudy sky! It is going to rain.Key：1. 不及物动词：(1)、(3)、(4)； 及物动词：(2)、(5)。2. (1) (5) with, to, up, at, at句型三 主语+及物动词+宾语练习 划出以下句子的主、谓、宾部分。如：Doing morning exercises benefits our health.(1) I wrote a passage last night.(2) I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.(3) We missed going to college for that reason.(4) What he said touched me greatly.句型四 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）讲解 （1）双宾语指直接宾语与间接宾语。一般地说，宾语指人为间接宾语，宾语指物为直接宾语。例如：My father bought me a car.（me为间接宾语，a car 为直接宾语）The singer sang us another song.（us为间接宾语，another song 为直接宾语）（2）如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个宾语之间应有一个介词(to, for等)。The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us.The singer sang another song for us.练习 在每一空格上填上一个恰当的介词。(1) Mother bought a birthday cake _me.(2) Give another apple_her. She likes it.(3) The company will provide some drinks _ the volunteers.Key：句型三 (1) I wrote a passage last night.(2) I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.(3) We missed going to college for that reason.(4) What he said touched me greatly.句型四 (1) (3) for; to; for句型五. S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾） + O C（宾补）I make you clear.1) S + VT + N/Pron + NWe named our baby Tom.常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。2) S + VT + N/Pron + AdjHe painted the wall white.常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。 3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep PhraseShe always keeps everything in good order.4) S + VT + N/Pron + InfinitiveI wish you to stay.I made him work常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at,