m5u1不定式和动名词.doc

Module 5 Unit 1 Getting along with others 主备人：曹翔宇 审核人：李启洲Period 5 Grammar and usage I. Learning Aims and Demands 1. To know what to infinitive,bare infinitive and the verb-ing form are.2. To learn how to use them in different situations.II. Learning proceduresstep1. Lead-in Analyse the following sentences: I was watching an english programme at 8 oclock yesterday. Driving seems exciting. I cannot find my history book.step2. Grammar and usage一、动词不定式一、概念及构成不定式可作主语、宾语、宾补、状语、表语、定语和独立成分，但不能单独作谓语。现以动词do为例，将不定式的时态和语态列表如下： 语态时态主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing二、不定式的否定式 She decided not to be late again她决定不再迟到了。 He promised never to make such a stupid mistake他许诺不再犯这样蠢的错误。三、疑问词+不定式 不定式常与疑问词who，which，when，where，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语等。 Eg: How to solve the problem is very important(主语) 如何解决这一问题很重要。 四、不定式符号to的省略。1动词不定式在介词but，except后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式常不带to，否则要带to。 The bus had passed byThey had nothing to do but wait(=They had no choice but to wait.) 公交车已经过去了，他们别无选择只能等。2短语had better，would rather，cannot but，cannot help but，cannot choose but等之后跟不带to的不定式。 They couldnt choose but stay there他们不得不呆在那儿。 He would rather die than give in他宁死不屈。五、Practice 1. Though he had often made his little sister_, today he was made_ by his little sister. (87) A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry2. They would not allow him_ across the enemy line. (87) A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped_ on a big rock by the side of the path. (90) A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. (99)A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make5. China has promised to revise its existing regulations and _ new policies according to WTO requirements. （2006上海春40）A. forming B. to form C. to be forming D. have formed6. -I usually go there by train. (92) -Why not_ by boat for a change. A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it. (2002) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen8. Ive worked with children before, so I know what_ in my new job. (2000) A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 9. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. (2002)A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it10. He let me repeat his instruction _ sure that I understood what was _ after he went away. （2000上海春10）A. to make; to be done B. making; doing C. to make; to do D. making; to do11. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving_ their products more competitive. (2002上海) A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made12. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster_ if a mirror was broken. (2002上海) A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struckC. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike13. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_ clear warnings before firing any shots. (2003上海) A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued14. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (2003北京春招) A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see15. My parents have always made me _ about myself, even when I was twelve. (2007江苏35) A. feeling wellB. feeling goodC. feel well D. feel good16. There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. (2007上海35) A. being persuadedB. persuadingC. to be persuaded D. to persuade17. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. (2007浙江9) A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard18. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (2007江西24) A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained二、具有名词作用的动词的-ing形式一、概念及构成时态主动被动意义一般式doingbeing done动名词动作与谓语动作同时发生完成式having donehaving been done动名词动作先于谓语动作发生二、动名词的句法功能1作主语 Reading is important in learning English学英语，阅读是很重要的。 Its no use waiting hereLets go home在这儿等着也没用。我们回家吧。2作表语 My job is taking care of the garden 料理这个花园是我的工作。 =Taking care of the garden is my job3作宾语 (1) 常见的后面只能接动名词作宾语的动词有：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider (考虑)，delay，dislike，enjoy，excuse，escape，finish，imagine，keep，mention，mind，miss (错过)，practise，risk，suggest等。 Do you mind my opening the windows? 你介意我打开窗户吗? Im sorry I missed seeing you while 1 was in Beijing 很遗憾，我在北京时没有见到你。 (2) 以下动词短语和固定搭配后只接动名词作宾语： cant help(情不自禁)，cant stand(无法忍受)，give up，keep on，put off，have difficulty / trouble (in)，be / get used to(习惯于)，look forward to，feel like，insist on，devoteto / be devoted to(致力于)，pay attention to，object to(反对)，get down to(开始认真做)等。例如： My parents objected to my marrying him 我父母反对我与他结婚。 I dont feel like eating anything我什么也不想吃。 动名词和不定式都可以作主语、宾语和表语，动名词往往表示经常或多次发生的动作，不定式往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous(泛指玩火) 玩火危险。 To play with fire will be dangerous(指一具体动作) 玩火会很危险。4作定语 动名词作定语，往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。 a walking stick=fl stick for walking一根手杖三、动名词的复合结构 动名词的前面可有自己的逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构。结构为： “物主代词(如his，my) / 名词所有格(如Toms) + 动名词” 动名词的复合结构在句中作主语时，须用名词所有格或物主代词形式；作宾语时，可用物主代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格（如Tom）。当动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，须用普通格形式。 Marys being ill made her mother upset(不可用Mary) 玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很着急。 We are looking forward to spring coming(spring无生命的名词) 我们盼望着春天的到来。四、动名词的否定式动名词的否定式是在动名词前加not，即not doing / not having done / not being done / not having been done。 We considered not doing it now我们考虑现在不做这件事。五、Practice1. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (2002上海) A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed2. People couldnt help_ the foolish emperor in the procession. (83) A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing on3. Were looking forward_ the photo exhibition. (83) A. to visiting B. to visit C. to having visited D. visiting4. -What are you going to do this morning? (85) -Im thinking of_ to visit my aunt. A. go B. going C. having gone D. my going5. The officers narrowly escaped_ in the hot battle. (80) A. have killed B. to kill C. to be killed D. being killed6. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.(87) A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch7. I can hardly imagine Peter_ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (91) A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed8. You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. （2007辽宁）A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking9.-Thereisastoryhereinthepaperabouta110-year-oldman. -Mygoodness!Icantimagine _ thatold. （2006江苏）A.tobe B.tohavebeen C.being D.havingbeen10. I would appreciate_ back this afternoon. (92) A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling11. How about the two of us_ a walk down the garden? (93) A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking12. -You were brave en