高考形容词和副词.docx

高考形容词和副词解析一、概念形容词是用来修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质状态或特征的词。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构的词。二、用法形容词在句中可以充当定语修饰名词、代词，也可作表语表示主语的状态和特征，也可作补语和状语。副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、从句等，也可修饰整个句子。What an interesting role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. His daughter is shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public. You dont have to be angry with him. He merely wanted to know the truth. Only when the war was over did the young soldier return to his hometown.形容词和副词的主要考点：一、考查形容词和副词的基本用法 形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语，而副词在句中主要作状语。如： (1)Tom sounds very much _in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. (2006安徽) A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly 解析：句中sounds意为“听起来”，是系动词，后接表语，要用形容词，排除C和D；又因表示“对感兴趣”，用interested。答案是A。 (2)We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell_. (1995上海) A. well; well B. bad; badly C. well; badly D. badly; bad 解析：句意是：“我们不在乎猎狗闻 起来难闻，但是我们确实不希望它的嗅觉力差。”前者smell是系动词，后接形容词，后者smell是行为动词，用副词来修饰；此外well作形容词是表示人身体好、气色好，用在此句中不行，只能作副词用。答案是B(3)What a nice fire you have in your fireplace! During the winter I like my house _.(2005上海春) A. warmly and comfortably B. warm and comfortable C. warm and comfortably D. warmly and comfortable 解析：在宾语后补语要用形容词。答案是B。 二、考查形容词作定语的后置规律 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：形容词短语作定语时；表语形容词作定语时；修饰复合不定代词时。如： (4)_to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (2000全国) A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave 解析：由enough要放在所修饰的形容词brave之后，排除选项B和D；brave enough与后面的不定式构成形容词短语作定语，要放在所修饰的名词students之后，排除A。答案是C。 (5) All the people _at the party were his supporters. (2002北京) A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important 解析：因为要在名词后作定语，选项中只有present(出席的，在场的)这个表语形容词作定语才可以放在所修饰的名词后，故选A。 三、考查多个形容词作定语的排序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词。如： (6) John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _car. (2004辽宁) A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white 解析：large是“大小”，German是“产地”，white是“颜色”；其排列顺序应当是“大小+颜色+产地”。故选B。 (7)_ students are required to take part in the boat race. (2004浙江) A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 解析：根据“限定词+形容词+名词”，数词属于限定词，选出A和B来；再根据“描绘(strong)+大小(young)+国籍(Chinese)”，所以选A。 (8)The _house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. (2004江苏) A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little 解析：因为little是限定词，应放在形容词前面，排除C和D；表示颜色的应放在表示物质材料的形容词的前面，所以只有A对。 答案：A (9)This _girl is Lindas cousin. (2005北京) A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 解析：pretty是描绘性形容词，little是表示大小的形容词，Spanish是表示国籍的形容词，所以，它们的排序是pretty little Spanish。答案是A。 注：限定词的排序：前位限定词 (指量限定词all, both, half等；倍数词double, twice等；分数词one-third, two-fifths等) +中位限定词 (冠词，指示代词，形容词性物主代词，名词所有格)+后位限定词 (序数词及last, next等；基数词及few, several等)。四、考查副词在句中的位置规律 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。如： (10)Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way _ to the Home Cirele Building. (2006湖南) A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily 解析：因make ones way to是固定词组，意为“前往”，修饰动词made要用副词，排除选项A和B；副词enough修饰形容词或副词，要放在后面，排除D。答案是C。五、考查ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别 -ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。如： (11) Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. (2004重庆) A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry 解析：表示人(parents)“感到忧虑的”用-ed形容词作宾补，故选A。 (12)It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. (2003上海) A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest六、考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异 即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别。如： (13) It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _to her mother. (2002北京) A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 解析：因紧靠母亲站着，是指实际距离近，用与形容词同形的副词close，故选A。选项C的closely一般指抽象意义，如listen closely(仔细听)。 七、考查形容词和副词的比较等级 1. as+形容词/副词原级+as (14)A typhoon swept across tiffs area with heavy rains and winds _ strong as 113 miles per hour. (2006上海) A. too B. very C. so D. as 解析：asas固定搭配。答案是D。 (15)John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. (2005安徽) A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as 解析：as tall as five foot eight = as tall as five feet eight inches高达五英尺八英寸。答案是B。2. not as/so+原级+as (16) He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _a native speaker. (2004上海) A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than 解析：修饰动词speaks要用副词，排除A和B；又因than前必须是比较级，排除D；只有选项C正确。 (17)Do you have a big library? No, we dont at least, not _yours. (1982全国) A. bigger as B. as big as C. as big than D. as bigger than 解析：由语境可知，是要表达“至少没有你们的图书馆那么大”，表示“不如”是“not as+原级+as”。答案是B。 3. as +形容词+(a/an+)名词+as (18) Our neighbour has _ ours. (2003北京) A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as 解析：由句式结构判断，选B。 (19)It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science. (2001全国) A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as 解析：由固定搭配“as+形容词+(a/an+)名词+as”可排除选项A，B和C。答案是D。 4. 比较级，A or B? (20)Which do you think tastes_, the chicken or the fish? (1986全国) A. well B. good C. better D. best 解析：两者之间比较，要用比较级。答案是C。 5. 比较级+than (21)Did you take enough money with you? No, I needed _ I thought I would. (2006全国II) A. not so much as B. as much as C. much more than D. much less than 解析：由no可知，“我需要的比我原来想会花掉的多得多。”答案是C。 (22)Mr. Smith owns _collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. (2005山东) A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large 解析：由than可知要用比较级，排除选项D；又因collection(收藏品)是可数名词，此处为单数又不是特指，要用不定冠词a。答案是B。 6. 隐含式比较级 有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象。 (23)I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. (2006江苏) A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more 解析：由more work和后面一句可知前面是less talking，排除C和D；这是肯定句，修饰比较级不用any，用a bit与some相对应。答案是A。 (24)I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen_ . (2006江西) A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst 解析：由前文“我认为这部电影不是最没趣的”可知，“我看过(比这部)更差的电影”，省略了than this one。答案是B。7. 否定式谓语+比较级：有最高级含义 (25)Your story is perfect; Ive never heard _ before. (2006全国II) A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one 解析：相当于省略了than your story。句意是“你的故事非常完美；我以前从没听说过比这更好的故事。”答案是C。(26)Did you enjoy yourself at the party? Yes. Ive never been to _one before. (2006四川) A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting 解析：由yes可知，“我从未参加过(比这个晚会)更令人兴奋的一场晚会了。”指晚会是“令人兴奋的”，排除选项A和B；由语境可知是隐含式比较级：以往经历过的任何一次与这一次晚会相比，排除D。答案是C。8. least +原级 (最不)(27)David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels_ desire to go to bed. (2005江苏) A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least 解析：因为feel the least desire to go to bed意为“完全不/一点也不想去睡觉”与前文的“他现在还非常兴奋”的语意一致。答案是D。 9. 最高级+of/ in (28) Greenland, _island in the world, covers two million square kilometers. (2000上海) A. it is the largest B. that is the largest C. is the largest D. the largest 解析：选D，the largest island in the world是Greenland的同位语。若将选项B的that改为which也对。10. the+比较级, the+比较级 (29)As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn,_. (2002上海) A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are C. the more life you are equipped for D. with them to play basketball 解析：这是考查“the+比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓”。答案是B。11. the+比较级(+of the two) (30)Of the two sisters, Betty is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (2006安徽) A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest 解析：表示两者中“较的那一个”在比较级前加the。答案：C12. 倍数表达法： as-as-倍数+ 比较级 the +名词+of- what从句 that of-13. 其它含比较级的短语和句式 比较级+and+比较级；no more than和一样不；morethan与其说倒不如；less than少于；more than多于，不只是，非常；more or less几乎，差不多，大约，或多或少；sooner or later(迟早，早晚，总有一天)；whats more(而且，此外)；no soonerthan(一就)。如：。如： (31)I used to earn _than a pound a week when I first started work. (06陕西6) A. a little B. a few C. fewer D. less 解析：由than可知前面必须要用比较级，排除选项A和B；又由语境可知是“不到一英镑”而不是“比一英镑还少几个”，所以应当用less，构成less than(少于)。答案：D八、考查比较等级的修饰语 1. 比较级前可用a bit, a little, rather, some(肯定句及请求或建议的问句中), any(否定句或疑问句中)表示“稍稍，一点”；用much, far, a great/good deal, a lot, lots, a good bit等表示“得多”。 (32)Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _ ? (2000上海) A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far 解析：由too near可知，是要移动一下，比现在的位置更远一点，排除选项A和D；a bit of只能接名词，排除C。答案是B。巩固练习题：1【2011全国卷,30】The form cannot be signed by anyone _ yourself.A.rather than B.other than C.more than D.better than2【2011全国卷II,12】It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is another to play it well yourself. A. quite B. very C. rather D. much3【2011全国卷II,17】Mr. Stevenson is great to work for I really couldnt ask for a _ boss. A. better B. good C. best D. still better4【2011上海春招,28】Youd be exposed to a lot _ pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air. A. moreB. mostC. lessD. least5【2011江苏卷,25】In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _. Aspecial Bregional Coptional Doriginal6.Of the two coats, Id choose the _ one to spare some money for a book.A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. 7【2011安徽卷,31】_, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.A. Hopefully B. Normally C. Thankfully D. Conveniently8【2011浙江卷,9】The professor could tell by the _look in Marias eyes that she didnt understand a single word of his lecture A. cold B. blank C. innocent D. fresh9【2011浙江卷,13】Ive been writing this report_ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow. A. finally B. immediately C. occasionally D. certainly10【2011浙江卷,16】My schedule is very _right now, but Ill try to fit you in. A. tight B. short C. regular D. flexible11【2011四川卷,12】How are your recent trip to Sichuan? Ive never had _ one before.A.a pleasant B.a more pleasant C.a most pleasant D.the most pleasant12【2011陕西卷,17】The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be the present one。 A .as three times big as B. three times as big asC. as big as three times D. as big three times as13【2011湖北卷,23】The old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was_，though slow.A. shaky B. heavy C. casual D. steady14【2011湖北卷,24】An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons characters; however, they are not always_,A. practical B. avoidable C. permanent D. beneficial15【2011湖北卷,25】The state-run company is required to make its accounts as_ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.A. transparent B. reasonable C. secure D. formal16【2011江西卷24】The film is , I have to say, not a bit interesting.Why? Its _ than the films I have ever seen.A. far more interesting B.much less interestingC. no more interesting D.any less interesting17【2011江西卷33】She has already tried her best. Please dont be too _ about her job.A. special B .responsible C .unusual D. particular1810福建Volunteering is becoming popular in China. -Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.A. naturallyB. successfullyC. splendidlyD. increasingly1910福建Drunk driving, which was once a occurrence, is now under control.A. generalB. frequentC. normalD. particular2010上海It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was_ journey.A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours2110安徽_, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smileA. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtfulC. Honest and confident . D. Lighthearted and optimistic2210湖南Father _ goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there. A. hardly B. seldom C. sometimes D. never2310江西Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life _ and more _, have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.A easily; efficient B easier; efficient C easy; efficiently D easily; efficiently24. He drives much _ than he did three years ago. A. careful Bcarefully C more careful D more carefully.25He had never spent a _ day. Amore worry B. most worrying C.more worrying D. most worried 26.The students are _ young people between the ages of sixteen and twentyA. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most 27.John has three sistersMary is the _ of the threeA. most cleverest Bmore clever C. cleverest D. cleverer 28.It is impossible for so _ workers to do so _ work in a single day.A. few，much Bfew，many C .little，much D .little，many 29.The pianos in the other shop will be_， but _.A. cheaper，not as better B. more cheap，not as better C cheaper, not as good D more cheap，not as good 30.After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced_tractors in 1988 as the year before A. as twice many Bas many twice C .twice as many D. twice many as 31.-How did you find your visit to the museum？ -I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected A far more interesting B even much interesting C so more interesting D a lot much interesting 32.How _ can you finish the drawing？ A. often B .soon Clong D. rapid 33.Which is _ country， Canada or Australia？ Aa large Blarger Ca larger Dthe larger 34.-If you dont like the red coat，take the blue one -OK，but do you have _ size in blue？This ones a bit tight for me A. a big Ba bigger C. the big D the bigger 35.If there were no examinations，we should have _ at school A the happiest time B a more happier time C much happiest time D a much happier time 36.We will write _ ，even when theres not much to say Anow and then Bby and by Cstep by step Dmore or less 37.-How was your recent visit to Qingdao？ -It was greatWe visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside Afew last sunny Blast few sunny Clast sunny few D. few sunny last 38.It was _ opportunity to miss. A. too good an B. a too good C. too a good D. too good 39.There was nothing special about this film it was only _. A. particular B. average C. interesting D. strange40.He said he would return the money, and I was _. A. fool enough to believe him B. enough fool to believe himC. fool enough believing him D. enough fool believing him41.“This book is _ more useful for us students.” “Yes, but it is _ too difficult.”A. qu