鹏程名师教你学-人教新目标八年级英语上.doc

ContentsUnit 1 Where did you go on vacation?1Unit 2 How often do you exercise？7Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister.16Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?23Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?27Unit 6 Im going to study computer science.31Unit 7 Will people have robots?37Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?42Unit 9 Can you come to my party?48Unit 10 If you go to the party, youll have a great time!52 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?重点词组(Key Phrases)：quite a few 相当多，不少 stay at home 呆在家of course 当然 go shopping去购物feel like 给的感觉，感受到 seem to be 好像because of 因为 decide to do sth.决定做某事go on vacation去度假 ride bicycles骑自行车go to summer camp 去夏令营 enough money足够的钱study for tests为考试学习 the top of the hill 山顶重点句型(Target Language)：Wheredidyougoonvacation?WewenttoNewYork. DidyougotoCentralPark? Yes，Idid.Howwastheweather? Itwassunny. 语言结构：一般过去时：肯定句：谓语动词用过去式 否定句：助动词did not+动词原形（didnot可缩写为didnt）疑问句：助动词did+主语+动词原形重难点释义(Language Points)1. 不定代词我们先来练一练Eg. Have you bought _for Lindas birthday?-Not exactly. Just some flowers. A. something unusual B. anything unusual C. unusual something D. unusual anything答案解析：疑问句中用不定代词anything, 修饰不定代词的词放在不定代词之后。总结归纳：不定代词，不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，常用不定代词有：something某事， somebody某人， someone某人， anything/某事，任何事， anybody某人/任何人， anyone某人/任何人，nothing没有东西， nobody没有人， no one没有人， everything每一件事， everybody每人， everyone每人。all所有的，each每个，both两者都，much许多，many许多，（a）little少许，（a）few很少得，other（s）其他的（其他人），another另一个，none没有，one一，either两者中的一个， neither两者都不。someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing等复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数；either, neither, each, little, much 等不定代词作主语时，谓语也用单数。如：Nothing is yet certain. 一切都还没有肯定。Neither was satisfactory. 两者都不使人满意。No one goes to the school during the vacation. 假期时没人到学校去。一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要放在不定代词之后。There is nothing wrong with the radio.Do you have anything to say? Id like something to eat.自我检测Im so thirsty. Shall we get_to drink?I dont think_knows her new address.Theres _in the new cupboard. Its empty now. _is too difficult if you put your heart into it.I think you can find him _in the school.Could you tell_different between the two pictures?Please help yourself to_soup.2. 一般过去时我们先来练一练1. Mr. Mott is out. But he _ here a few minutes ago. A. was B. is C. will be D. would be2. -Hi, Tom. -Hello, Fancy. I _ you were here. A. dont know B. wont think C. think D. didnt know总结归纳一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last night，in 1990，two days ago。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often，always等表示频率的时间状语连用。基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；否定形式： was/were+not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词；一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他(1) Be 动词的一般过去时态.在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am, is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.构成：肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语. 如：I was late yesterday. （昨天我迟到了。）否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语，如：We werent late yesterday. （我们昨天没有迟到）疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+表语，如：Were you a student? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语Why was he late for school last Monday？ 上星期一他为什么迟到？(2) 实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句 要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词did.否定句：主语+didnt +动词原形+宾语疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语I did my homework yesterday.I didnt do my homework yesterday. (否定句)Did you do your homework yesterday？Yes, I did. /No, I didnt. (一般疑问句)(3) 情态动词的一般过去时：肯定句式：主语 + 情态动词 + 其它否定句式：主语 + 情态动词 + not + 其它.一般疑问句：情态动词 + 主语 + 其它？注：情态动词的过去式：cancould , maymight , mustmust ，will-would，should-should。 特殊疑问句式： 特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他What could she do twenty years ago? 20年前她能做什么？动词过去式的变化规则1一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加ed，如：work worked looklooked2以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加d：live lived hopehoped useused3以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study studied carrycarried worryworried4以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed：stop stopped planplanned重读闭音节体现形式为辅-元-辅结构。5不规则变化的动词过去式：have-had有 are-were是 get-got得到 say-said说 feel-felt感觉 do/does-did做 is-was 是 go-went去 drinkdrank喝 eatate吃 bring-brought带来 think-thought想,认为 buy-bought 买 catchcaught抓住 teachtaught教 sit-sat坐 wear-wore穿 cut-cut切割 sweep-swept打扫 sleepslept睡觉 become-became成为自我检测一、 请用正确动词形式填空1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls (dance) at the party last night.9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week. 10. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?二、按要求变换句型。1. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句） _ Frank _ an interesting book about history?2. He cleaned his room just now. （划线提问） What_ he _ just now?3. Thomas spent $10 on this book. （否定句） Thomas _ _ $10 on this book.4. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问） _ _ _ family _ last week?3. some 一些，某些，某个，any一些，任何我们先来练一练Eg. He asked me for _paper, but I didnt have _. A. some; some B. any; some C. some; any D. any; any总结归纳some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，some常用在肯定句中，而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此 some和any 的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中A：Are there any apples in the fridge?B: Yes, there are some. / No, there arent any.A: Is there any water in the bottle?B: Yes, there is some water. / No, there isnt any water.但在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any。如：Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? 4. many, much, a lot of 许多much 只能修饰不可数名词 many 只能修饰可数名词复数 a lot of =lots of 接可数名词时谓语用复数，接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。 a lot, 许多，非常，是副词性短语，修饰动词。比如：Thanks a lot.= Thanks very much. 再比如：I know him a lot。 5. few 和 a few, little 和 a little. 我们先来练一练He has _ friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。 There are _ eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。There is _ ink in my bottle, can you give me _ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？ 总结归纳few, a few是修饰可数名词复数的, little, a little是修饰不可数名词的。a few, a little意思是有一些，表肯定意味，few, little，意思是很少，几乎没有表否定意味。6. decide决定，下决心我们先来练一练Eg. Goldilocks decided to _for a walk in the forest.A. go B. to go C. going D. goes总结归纳decide to do sth. 决定做某事, 相当于make up ones mind to do sth. decide的名词形式为decision. decide to do sth. 的否定形式是decided not to do sth. decide+名词： I cant decide the date of the meeting.我决定不了这次会议的日期。decide to do sth.： He decides to go to Hong Kang on vacation.他决定去香港度假。decide+疑问词+to do： They cant decide whom to invite.他们不能决定该邀请谁。decide+宾语从句： We decided that we would not go to the party tonight.7. try,尝试，努力，试图try to do sth. 尽力做某事; try not to do sth. 尽力不去做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事；try on 试穿(接名词时，名词放在on 前后都可以，接代词时，代词须放在try 和 on 之间。She is trying to draw a horse.她正努力画一匹马。You should try taking more exercise.你应该试着多运动.Ill try y best to help you.我会尽力帮助你。This skirt is very nice. Would you like to try it on? 这条裙子很漂亮，你想试一下吗？8. What a difference a day makes! 多么不同的一天啊！我们先来练一练Eg. _wonderful concert they are putting on in the city square!A. How B. What C. What a D. What an 总结归纳由what引导的感叹句，What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！What a beautiful girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！What important jobs they have done!9. enough，足够的我们先来练一练Eg.I dont know him _to ask him for help.A. good enough B. enough good C. enough well D. well enough总结归纳修饰名词时， enough放前, 如enough money ,enough time修饰形容词或副词时，enough放后面，如good enough, happy enough,well enough10. Did everyone have a good time? 大家都玩得很开心吗？have a good time = enjoy oneself = have fun 玩得开心 （+ doing）eg. : We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall. = We enjoyed ourselves visiting the the Great Wall.= We had fun visiting the the Great Wall.I really enjoyed walking around the town. 我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。 （P5）enjoy及物动词，意为“喜爱；欣赏；享受的乐趣”，其后接名词，代词或动名词作宾语。a. Do you enjoy your job? 你喜欢你的工作吗？ b. I enjoy reading books. 我喜欢读书。(enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事) 拓展： enjoy oneself =have a good time = have fun 玩得开心 （+ doing sth.） 11. bored无聊的，无趣的, 常用来形容人，boring形容物。bored 用于形容人，一般用作表语。如I am bored.boring用于形容物，意思是令人厌烦的，乏味的。如 It is a boring day!类似用法的词还有：interested对感兴趣，修饰人, interesting有趣的，修饰物; excited感到兴奋的，激动的,一般修饰人. exciting“令人兴奋的，使人激动的”,一般修饰某物;surprised感到惊讶的，一般修饰人, surprising令人惊讶的，一般修饰物。I am interested in English. 我对英语感兴趣。This book is very interesting.这本书很有趣。12. feel like 感觉像，给人的感觉像是.，摸起来像(1) 后接名词Do you feel like a rest?你想休息一下吗?The material feels like velvet.这料子摸起来像丝绒。(2)后接代词Well go for a walk if you feel like it.你愿意的话，咱们就去散散步。(3) 后接动名词Ifeel likecatching a cold.我像是感冒了。(4) 后接句子 I feel like I want to cry.我觉得我想哭。13. because和because of 因为我们先来练一练(1)_he is ill, he is absent today. (2)He is not at school_his illness. (3)He cant come_the heavy rain. (4)We like physics_we can learn a lot of ideas. 总结归纳because是连词，其后接原因状语从句或回答以why开头的问句；而because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。14. 感官动词look,sound,smell,taste,feel可当系动词，后接形容词，形成系表结构。Helooksangry. 他看起来很生气。Hisexplanationsoundsreasonable.他的解释听起来合理。Thecakessmellnice.这个蛋糕闻起来很香。Thedishestastedelicious.这些菜尝起来很美味。Thesilkfeelssmooth.这个丝绸摸起来很光滑。15. seem可用作连系动词或不及物动词，意为“似乎；好像”，其常见用法现归纳如下：(1) “主语+ seem +（to be ）+表语”，表语多为名词或形容词，有时是其他的词或短语，以说明主语的特征或状态。例如：Tom seems （to be ） a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。The man over there seems to be a new teacher. 那边的那个人看上去像一个新老师。Mr Black seemed to be quite happy. 布莱克先生好像十分快乐。(2) “主语+ seem + 不定式”，此句型中的seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。例如：Mrs Green doesnt seem （或seems not ） to like the idea. 格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。The children seemed to be eating something in the room. 孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。The young man seemed to have changed much. 这个年轻人看起来变化很大。3) “It seems + that从句”，其中it 是形式主语，that引导主语从句。例如：It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. 似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。It seems to me that Mr Brown will not come again. 在我看来布朗先生不会再来了。(4) “There + seem to be +名词”，其中to be 可省略。seem 的单复数形式要根据后面作主语的名词的单复数形式而定。例如：There doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team.看来我们战胜那个队没有多大希望。There seems no need to wait longer. 看来没有再等的必要了。 Unit 2 How often do you exercise？重点词组(Key Phrases)：help with housework帮忙做家务 on weekends 在周末go to the movies 去看电影 watch TV 看电视use the internet 使用互联网 be free 免费的，空闲的how about 怎么样？ stay up late 熬夜go to bed 去睡觉 go online去上网not.at all 一点也不 play computer games 玩电脑游戏go shopping 去购物 draw pictures 画画play sports 做体育运动 be bad for对什么有害be good for 对什么有益 fifteen percent 百分之十五go to the dentist去看牙医 twice a week 一周两次重点句型(Target Language) What do you usually do on weekends?I usually play soccerWhat do they do on weekends? They often go to the moviesWhat does he do on weekends? He sometimes goes skateboarding.How often do you shop? I shop once a monthHow often does Chung watch TV? He watches TV twice a week重点难点详解(Language Points)1. 频度副词我们先来练一练Eg. Doctor, _should I take this medicine?-Twice a week. A. what time B. how much C. how often D. how oftenEg.Can you speak a little louder? I can _ hear you. （辽宁） A. hard B. really C. hardly D. clearlyEg. How often do you watch TV?_. A. Twice B. Once a day C. Three times in a week D. In the evening总结归纳定义用来表示动作频率的，但程度上有别。常见频度副词按频率大小排列如下：always总是（100%）usually通常（80%）often经常（60%）sometimes有时（40%）hardly ever=seldom很少（20%）never从不（0%）频度副词的位置(1) 频度副词在句中习惯上位于be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。She is sometimes very busy. 她有时很忙。He is often late for school. 他经常上学迟到。I will never forget this lesson.我将永远忘不了这一课。We often go there. 我们常去那儿。He always gets up at 6 in the morning.他早上总是6点起床。(2) sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末，often也可放在句末（一般不放在句首）。如：Sometimes she writes to me. =She writes to me sometimes. 她有时候给我写信。She writes to me often. 她经常给我写信。2. how often，how long，how far，how soon辨析(1) how often 多长时间一次，问频率，答语通常是once a day, often, usually, everyday, never, sometimes, three times a week, every twenty minutes等。once a week 一周一次，twice a week 一周两次，three times a week 一周三次，four times a week一周四次。times 表示次数，三次或三次以上都是”数字+times”来表示。How often do you watch TV? Everyday. /Twice a week.(2) how long 多久，多长，问某一动作的持续时间或某物的长度。How long do you do your homework? Two hours.How long is the desk? About 40 cm.(3) how far 多远，对距离提问 How far is it from your home to the shop? Its about 3 kilometers.(4) how soon多久以后，对多久之后会发生某事提问How soon will your father come back? In five days.3.go + v-ing 的用法:go fishing去钓鱼 go boating去划船 go skating去滑冰 go shopping去购物 go hiking去徒步旅行 go skateboarding去滑板go walking= go for a walk4. although虽然，尽管, but但是; because因为, so所以.我们先来练一练Eg. You bought the car abut three years ago? -Yes,_its old, it still runs well.A、BecauseB、ForC、AlthoughD、But 总结归纳although 和but都有转折的作用，但在一个具体的句子中,两个连词只能保留其中的一个。例如： He is in poor health, but he works hard. =Although/Though he is in poor health, he works hard.because和so两个连词也是如此，前面使用了because，后面就不能出现so。后面出现了so，前面就不能出现because。例如：Because the Wangs are such good neighbors，I am lucky.The Wangs are good neighbors, so I am lucky.5. The best way to relax is through exercise.放松的最好方式是锻炼。 The best way to go to the zoo is to go by bus.去动物园最好的方法就是坐巴士去。6. way表示“方式”、“方法”： 我们先来练一练Eg.Ithinkheistakinganactivepartin socialwork.Iagreewithyou_. A. inawayB. onthewayC. bythewayD. intheway 总结归纳(1)inaway的用法 表示：在一定程度上，从某方面说。 如:Inawayhewasright.在某种程度上他是对的。注：inaway也可说成inoneway。(2)ontheway的用法 表示：即将来(去)，就要来(去)。如： Springisontheway.春天快到了。 Idbetterbeonmywaysoon.我最好还是快点儿走。 Radioforecastssaidasixth-gradewindwasontheway.无线电预报说将有六级大风。 表示：在路上，在行进中。如： Hestoppedforbreakfastontheway.他中途停下吃早点。 Wehadsomegoodlaughsontheway.我们在路上好好笑了一阵子。(3)bytheway的用法 1、表示：在途中的路旁。如：Theystoppedforapicnicbytheway.他们途中停在路边野餐。 2、表示：顺便说，顺便问。如：Bytheway，doyouknowwhereMarylives?顺便问一下，你知道玛丽住在哪里吗? (4)intheway的用法 表示：挡路，碍事。如： Ifyouarenotgoingtohelp，atleastdontgetintheway.如果你不愿帮忙，至少你不要妨碍人家。 注：intheway有时也可说成insb.sway。如： Youllhavetomoveyoureinmyway.你得挪一挪，你挡我的路了。 更多相关短语(1)make ones way to 去，前进 I soon made my way to the bookshop. 我很快向那个书店出发。(2)lose ones way迷路 Its very easy to lose your way in a strange city. 在一个陌生的城市里，你很容易迷路。(3)on the way to 在去的路上, Marys car broke down on the way to work.玛丽的车在去上班的路上出故障了。(4)in every way在各方面 She saves money in every way she can.她在各方面尽可能地省钱。7. through：prep. 通过；穿过；凭；adv. 彻底；从头至尾；adj. 直达的；过境的；完结的我们先来练一练Eg. It is really cool to realize your dream _great effort. A. through B. of C. till D. about(1) 通过，经过 We walked through the market to the truck park.我们穿过市场到了卡车停车场 The thief got in through the window.小偷是通过这扇窗户进来的。(2) 借着，以经由 He became rich through hard work.他靠努力工作而致富。(3)在一带:在之内 We traveled through France and Belgium on our holidays.假期里我们在法国、比利时一带旅行。(4)在之间 through the trees 在树林之间(5)结束，完成 We are through school at five oclock.我们五点上完课。8. such：adj. 这样的，如此的我们先来练一练Eg. I like to eat fruit, _bananas, apples, oranges and pears. A. such as B. for example C. the same as D. Etc.总结归纳such这样的，那样的；此类，此种He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的男孩。such as, 例如，像这样。作“例如”讲，指例举同类人或事物中的几个例子（至少二个）。I like fruits, such as apples, bananas, oranges and so on. 我喜欢水果，比如说苹果、香蕉、橘子等等。9.want to do sth.想做某事，want sb. to do sth.想某人做某事 I want to give my mother a surprise.我想给妈妈一个惊喜. She wanted her father to buy her a computer.她想让她的爸爸给她买一台电脑。10. be good at, be good for我们先来练一练 Eating more vegetables _ your health.多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处 My friend _ me when I was ill.总结归纳be good at,擅长于=do well in,后接名词，代词，动名词。例如：Im good at playing chess.be good for ,对.有好处be good to 对好， 例如：11. 句型: Its + adj +for /of sb. to do sth. 我们先来练一练 It is very friendly of you to help me. =_ _ friendly to help me . Its very hard for you to work out the math problem. = _ _ out the math problem is very hard for you .总结归纳同义句：1).Its +adj +for sb. +to do sth. = To do sth. + be +adj It is easy for me to answer this question.= To answer this question is easy for me.对我来说，回答这个问题很容易。2).Its +adj +of sb. +to do sth. = Sb. +be +adj + to do sth. It is vey kind of you to give me so much help= You are very kind to give me so much help.你真好，给了我这么多帮助。12.at least,至少,介词短语，意思“至少，起码”其反义词为at most,“最多，至多”。I study at least 6 hours a day.我每天至少学习6个小时。I have ten yuan in my pocket at most.我口袋里最多十块钱。13. the answer to t