杨绍斌besidesexcept等词的用法.doc

besides/in addition to / but / except / except for / apart from曲靖市第二中学 杨绍斌- Did you study any other foreign language _English when you were at college？ - Yes，I studied threeBut I have forgotten all _a few words of each Abesides，besides Bbut，except Cexcept，except Dbesides，except 此题应选D，主要考察except，but，besides 的用法区别： besides, except, but的用法区别（一）基本区别三者均可表示“除了”1. except 表示除了之外（不再有），表示排除2. besides表示除了之外（还有），表示累加 Besides his wife, his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他。You can park anywhere except but here. 只有这里不能停车。但是，在否定句中，besides 也表示“除没有 ”，与but, except 同义： No one passed the exam besides except Jim. 除吉姆外，没一个人通过考试。（二）关于 but 与 except两者都可表示“除外不再有”，但含义上略有差别：1. but侧重指意义的几乎完整性，2. except 则侧重指后面除去的部分：All are here but one. 除一个人外大家都到了。All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。（三）在现代英语中1. but 的介词用法十分有限，一般说来，它只能用在下列词语之后： no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等 any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等 every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等 all, none 等 who, what, where 等Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。I havent told anybody but you. 除你之外，我没告诉任何人。No one but he him showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。2. except 却没有以上限制：The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外，这扇窗户从不打开。 误：The window is never opened but in summer.关于 except 与 except for1. except 主要用来谈论同类的东西，而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西，有时含有惋惜之意。All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都写得很好。His composition is good/well-written except for a few spelling mistakes.他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。2. （局部不好的一面），整体上其他都很好; 总体上是好的，只是部分不经如人意；美中不足；对主要部分的肯定和局部的否定。This meal is excellent except for the first course. I like your flat except for the decoration. The book is moving / good except for the ending. 08浙江 Everything was perfect for the picnic _ the weather. A in place of B as well as C except for D in case of 3. 关于except与except for 的区别，不少人认为前后词语表示同类事物时用except, 否则用except for. The road was empty except for a few bicycles. The dress is ready except for the buttons. We had no trouble on the journey except for a flat lyre. 但是，从语言实际来看，在except 后面跟名词或代词时常可用except for. Everyone was tired except/except for Bill. He answered all the questions except (for) the last one. There is nothing on the table except/except for a pencil. Everyone was fired, except for John. You are the first people we have told except for my parents. 4. 在句子开头，习惯上要用except for. 若用于句首，则 except for与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首，另外but也不能用于句首)： He gets up early every day except Sunday. Except for Sunday he gets up early every day. Except for the sun, the moon looks the biggest object in the sky. Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外，大家都通过了考试。besides与except1. 在肯定句中besides “除之外(还有)” 解, 表示累加其宾语被包括在内.except 作“除去。之外”解，表示排除其宾语不包括在内。 2. 在否定句中besides和except意义相同。全局的意义是否定的，而他们后边的宾语却是被肯定的对象。 比较而言，besides在否定句中不如except 常用。因此，不少人对这一用法不熟悉，甚至1987年成人高考试题中 的命题者也出现了失误： He is a strange man. He has no friends _you. A. From B. besides C. except D. with 命题者给的正确答案是C，实际上是B也是正确答案。在下面的例句中，besides 的意义均与except 相同。 She has no relations besides an aged aunt.除了一个老年的姑母以外他没有灭的亲戚。 = 除了一个老年的姑母以外他还有no relationsNo living creature ever walks in it besides the chaplain. 除了牧师，没有人在里面走过。 除了牧师还有no creature 在里面走过。He had few friends besides us. 除了我们外他没有什么朋友。 We have no other tools besides this. Besides you, no one is qualified.初你之外没有人合格。 3. 在疑问句中，besides 和except 有时意义相同，可以换用。Do you have any other books besides/except these two? 除了这两本书，你还有别的书吗？ Have you nothing to tell us besides what we have already heard? Have you no clothes besides those? 4. 在besides后面，用作宾语的有名词、代词、动名词和不定式。（1）名词或代词 There are in China over fifty minorities besides the Hans. What other courses do you take besides English? There are many others besides me who disagree with what you say. (2) 动名词 What else did you do besides writing the letter? Besides gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems that once took months for people to do. Besides eating a seven-course meal, they drank three bottles of wine. The play was badly acted, besides being far too long. (3)不定式 （有时省略to的动词原形）That afternoon I had nothing to do besides answer letters. 5. 在except后面，用作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、介词短语或从句等。 （1） 名词或代词 They all went to sleep except the young Frenchman. He had thought of everything except the weather. I can come any day except Thursday. He answered all the questions except the last one. Everyone was present except Jim and me. 注若非很正式的文体，except后面的人称代词一般应用宾格形式。如： Everybody understood except me. （2） 不定式 except后的不定式有时代to，有时不带to具体说来有如下三种情形： 谓语动词是实意动词do时，后面的except与不带to的不定式连用： I couldnt do anything except just sit there and hope. She can do everything except cook. The last bus being gone, we could do nothing except stay the night in the mountain village. 若except前有to do作定语或状语，则其后的不定式代不带to 均可，但以不带to居多： Fanny had nothing to do except go to parties and give them. 如果前面没有动词do，except 后面的不定式一般要带to： It had no effect except to make him angry. I am too happy in this world to think about the future, except to remember that I have dear friends waiting for me in heaven. (3)介词短语 I can take my holidays at any time except in August. Women dont use “sir” when theyre addressing men except, perhaps, in the services. You could never have made all those mistake except through extreme carelessness. He seldom went anywhere except to the library. I usually go to school on my bike except on rainy days. (4)副词 He has always been attending my lectures except quite recently. You can have the meeting anywhere except upstairs. (5)从句 This restaurant opens every day except when there is a public holiday. I understand everything except why she killed him. I knew nothing about the accident except what I read in the paper. 除了我在报纸上读到的，我对这起事故一无所知。Except后面常跟that从句，有的语法家则把except that看作是一个复合句。 She knew nothing about the accident except that he was likely to be away for 3 months. 关于她的旅行不清楚，只知道她大概要离开三个月。I knew nothing about the young lady _ she is from Beijing. C A except B except for C except that D besides Mr. Smith goes to the library every day except _ he is not well A A when B that C what D why 6、 小结 （1） 在肯定句中，当other, else 等词出现是常用besides,当any, every 及复合代词、all 等词出现时，则用except. （2） 在否定句中，except 比besides 的使用频率高得多，在no及起伏和不定代词、never, new等此后更是如此。第二个问题答案:除了中心5之外，其他4个中心都有显著性差异应该用哪个应该用exceptbut for与except for关于but for与except for：前者表示若不是，通常与虚拟语气连用；后者表示除外