牛虻人物性格变化分析论文.doc

学号：2008211000哈尔滨师范大学学士学位论文题 目 牛虻中人物性格变化分析及人物性格变化所隐含的意义学 生 迟巧丽指导教师 张亮 副教授年 级 2008级 6 班专 业 英语教育系 别 英语教育系学 院 西语学院 哈 尔 滨 师 范 大 学 学士学位论文开题报告论 论文题目 牛虻中人物性格变化分析及人物性格变化所隐含的意义学生姓名 迟巧丽指导教师 张亮 副教授 年 级 2008级 6 班专 业 英 语 教 育2012年 3 月说 明本表需在指导教师和有关领导审查批准的情况下, 要求学生认真填写。说明课题的来源（自拟题目或指导教师承担的科研任务）、课题研究的目的和意义、课题在国内外研究现状和发展趋势。若课题因故变动时, 应向指导教师提出申请, 提交题目变动论证报告。课题来源：导师指导下自拟题目。课题研究的目的和意义：目的： 英国小说牛虻译介到我国后, 以多种艺术样式进行传播。这部小说对人们的人生观、世界观产生了深刻的启迪。亚瑟的个人私密生活, 他的爱情、他的父子关系在革命斗争的激烈冲突中经受了痛苦的磨砺, 给革命时代的中国读者以充分的思考空间。伟大的人本主义心理学家马斯洛曾指出:在没有理解人的弱点的情况下,我们永远不可能充分理解人的力量,不能恰当地尊重和欣赏人的畏惧、倒退和防御的力量,学会尊重和理解这些力量。如果我们能像马斯洛所希望的那样,学会恰当地尊重和欣赏与一个人的自我实现倾向并存的那些畏惧、倒退、防御和保险的力量,学会恰当地理解这些力量在人格构成中的作用和意义,那么我们对人性真实性的理解就会变得更加充分和全面。对伏尼契的长篇小说牛虻的人物性格变化分析使我们对此有了更为深刻的认识。在诸多文学作品中,从来没有一个小说家将自己笔下的英雄人物赋予那么鲜明的人格弱点。她不仅为世界文学人物长廊塑造了一个独一无二的形象,而且也为人格心理学的研究提供了一个重要的蓝本。本课题拟从人格心理学的视角对牛虻及其他人物性格变化来分析,从而使读者能够在理解人性弱点的情况下更为充分地理解小说中的人物。与此同时,我们也可以借助对牛虻的重新认识拓展我们的审美视野,尝试新的审美感悟,积累新的审美体验。意义：牛虻坚毅、刚勇的形象鼓舞了人们为争取自由、和平和祖国统一所作的正义斗争。克鲁普斯卡娅回忆说, 列宁非常喜欢牛虻, 赞赏牛虻的坚忍精神、赞扬牛虻的坚强意志。钢铁是怎样炼成的作者尼奥斯特洛夫斯基也受到过牛虻精神的鼓舞。在民主革命时期和社会主义建设时期, 我国很多读者也喜欢牛虻, 崇拜牛虻的品质和毅力。牛虻通过一系列生活画面和斗争场面, 用丰富的细节, 反映了十九世纪三十年代到四十年代意大利人民反对奥地利封建王朝统治和进行资产阶级革命的历史斗争, 歌颂了参加斗争的意大利青年党人。正如耶叶戈洛娃序中所说：“牛虻是前世纪三十至四十年代间意大利革命志士的英勇的形象。”伏尼契以热情的笔触歌颂了意大利革命者的英雄品格, 描写了牛虻视死如归为和平自由、为独立的意大利共和国献身的崇高精神 , 展现了牛虻曲折艰难的成长过程。牛虻典型形象的塑造显示了十九世纪批判现实主义的功绩。国内外同类课题研究现状及发展趋势：国内：1953年牛虻被翻译成中文, 引进到新中国, 在当时, 牛虻几乎受到中国所有年轻人的欢迎, 被一代中国人当作是革命小说的经典。不容忽视的是, 由于当时特定的社会背景, 译者对译本进行了很大程度的改写, 这些改写都与当时的意识形态、诗学有着密切的关联。也正是由于这些改写, 使译本成为了一个适合当时中国国情的译本, 影响了一代中国人的思想这个译本之所以受欢迎, 一方面因为其所蕴含的革命和爱国思想, 另一方面, 也是更重要的方面就是译本在语言上将意识形态与诗学进行了结合。50年过去了, 庆学先又重新翻译了牛虻, 这个译本给读者呈现的是一个不同于50年代的牛虻, 是一个全新的牛虻牛虻在这部新译的革命小说中, 经典的地位不再是关注的焦点, 而是牛虻那种忠贞不渝的追求, 那种不可调和的仇恨, 以及那种感人肺腑的爱情强烈地吸引着读者。国外： 1897年, 伏尼契的著名小说牛虻出版。克鲁普斯卡娅回忆说, 列宁非常喜欢牛虻, 赞赏牛虻的坚忍精神、赞扬牛虻的坚强意志。钢铁是怎样炼成的作者尼奥斯特洛夫斯基也受到过牛虻精神的鼓舞。伏尼契晚年迁居美国纽约, 苏联文学界人士曾到她纽约的寓所访问, 并为她放映根据小说牛虻改编的电影。发展趋势： 国内外广大文学研究者对于牛虻研究呈现探讨索伏尼契写作技巧, 意识形态创作手法的趋势, 牛虻中主人公亚瑟以爱国志士“牛虻”的命运、遭遇和结局为线索, 猛烈抨击了天主教会虚伪的反动本质, 热情歌颂了意大利人民为民族解放, 国家独立所作的英勇斗争。作为一个从帝国主义魔爪中浴火重生的国家, 这部小说对中国青年的吸引也存在着深刻的社会原因。主人公的遭遇受到了大家的肯定和支持。因为越来越多的人多喜爱, 对这部小说的研究也会更加深刻。 课题研究的主要内容和方法, 研究过程中的主要问题和解决办法：主要内容：牛虻, 全书围绕着主人公亚瑟的生活经历展开, 牛虻从一个神学院的学生到后来转变成一个对宗教有着深深仇恨的讽刺家和革命家牛虻。此课题将通过分析主要人物的性格和经历来分析当时的社会背景下小说中人物的性格变化以及这些人物性格变化的背后所隐含的意义。其中包括1. 牛虻在自杀前后性格的鲜明变化。牛虻由一个天真烂漫的神学院学生转变为一个言辞犀利, 性格坚韧的革命党人。2. 牛虻的教父, 也就是牛虻的父亲, 由于在自己的事业和自己的儿子之中选择了他的事业, 导致牛虻死亡。之后他由一个对神和上帝坚信不疑的神父转变成一个有精神疾病的老人。3. 牛虻青梅竹马的伙伴琼玛, 因为误会牛虻背叛革命组织而导致牛虻自杀后, 她由一个活泼开朗的女孩子变成了一个沉着, 稳重, 心思缜密的革命党人。4. 这些人物性格变化背后所隐含的人文意义：亲情与神性的较量调查研究方法：文献法 资料分析法 综合归纳法主要问题：1. 在选题、收集资料、提纲撰写等过程中学生易感茫然, 无从下笔。2. 对所要写的论文题目的内容理解不够透彻。3. 写论文的材料不够充分。解决方法：1. 向指导教师和寻求帮助, 请指导教师指点一些写论文的方向和方法。2. 仔细阅读课题相关的作品, 并深刻了解小说发生的时代和社会背景。3. 不仅从相关书籍中寻找题目相关资料, 并从网络上寻找资料。4. 仔细阅读参考书, 查阅资料, 以及最重要的是经常向指导老师请教是解决问题的良策。课题研究起止时间和进度安排：1. 2011年11月11日至11月30日：选导师及撰写论文方向。2. 2011年12月1日至12月31日：与导师商榷论文题目。3. 2012年1月1日至2012年3月15日：撰写并提交开题报告。4. 2012年3月16日至2012年4月25日：撰写并提交毕业论文。5. 2012年4月26日至2012年5月11日：准备并参加毕业论文答辩。6. 2012年5月12日至2012年5月16日：导师上交所有论文材料。课题研究所需主要设备、仪器及药品：无外出调研主要单位, 访问学者姓名： 哈尔滨图书馆 哈尔滨学府书店 哈尔滨师范大学院图书馆指导教师审查意见：指导教师 （签字） 2012年3月 16日教研室（研究室）评审意见：理论教研室主任 （签字） 2012年3月 16日系（部）主任审查意见：英语系（部）主任 （签字） 2012年3月 16日 GRADUATION PAPERFOR BACHELOR DEGREE HARBIN NORMAL UNIVERSITY TITLE：The Personality Change Analysis and Its Significance in GadflySTUDENT: Chi Qiao-LiTUTOR: Zhang Liang（Associate Prof.）GRADE: Grade 2008MAJOR: English EducationDEPARTMENT: English Education DepartmentCOLLEGE: Faculty of Western Languagesand LiteraturesMay, 2012HARBIN NORMAL UNIVERSITYThe Personality Change Analysis and Its Significancein Gadfly Chi Qiao-li Abstract: Gadfly has been in china for about 60 years. When it was published in England in 1895, it was not warmly welcomed by English people. But when it was introduced to China; the book was greatly loved by Chinese teenagers. The novel narrates the revolution story by describing the temperament change of the characters. The paper is mainly about the character change and its significance in the novel. The first is the hero of the book, Gadfly. It is mainly about the character change before and after Gadflys artificial death. The second is the heros father, a priest, Montanelli. Between his career all of his life and his son, he chooses his career. The conflict in his mind is an important item the item wants to say. The third is the heros friend, Gemma. When the hero was betrayed by a priest, Gemma did not believe him. That is a chief reason that the hero chooses to make an artificial death. Key Words: character change; revolution; freedom Introduction The Gadfly is written by Ethel Lilian Voynch, which presents us a strong, brave and persistent figure. Its background sets in 1840s Italyunder the dominance ofAustria, which was a time of tumultuous revolt and uprisings. It is a story of faith, disillusionment, revolution, romance, and heroism. Voynich leaves us with passionate characters, an excellent plot, and expertly incorporates them into the authors daring and controversial theme; one that shocks and renders this novels lasting originality indisputable. The books title page clearly forewarns us of what is to come; it poses the thematic question: “What have we to do with Thee, Thou Jesus of Nazareth?”The Gadflys story mission is the life of the protagonist, Arthur Burton, which chronicles the events of Arthurs life as he moves from being a theological student with Padre Montanelli (his father figure) to the life of a satirist, revolutionary, and great enemy of the church. At first, in Arthurs eyes everything is beautiful and pure, whose predilection towards a benevolent world. However, everything in his value is a fake. All the cruel realities hurt his heart: he is fooled by Padre Montanelli he respected, cheated by the religion that he believed, misunderstood by his lover. All these facts lightened him, and then he steps into the road of revolution without hesitation and fight for the freedom unflaggingly. The book is primarily concerned with the strong belief; its also a progress of growth. Arthur, the Gadfly, is an embodiment of the tragicRomantichero, who comes of age and returns from abandonment to discover his true state in the world and fight against the injustices of the current one. In the revolutionary road, Arthur always suffer from pains, however, as he finds the ugly truth of the religion he believed, he chooses revolution. Survived from these disasters of his life, he becomes a stronger revolutionist, a true gadfly. However, reality is always cruel; he and his father havent given in to their beliefs. Then he is put to death by his father who goes mad with pain at last. Before his execution, he writes a poem to his lover: “ThenamIahappyfly, if IliveorifIdie.” This is what he pursued: persisting what he believes, would rather to suffer from pains. “If you kill a man like me, you will injure yourselves more than you will injure me,” because his role was that of a gadfly, “to sting people and whip them into a fury, all in the service of truth.” What he lived for? I think the answer is his belief. Poor and homeless are not the tragedy in the world; the most terrible thing is without belief. When you know what you lived for, there will be no doubt and regret in your life. Although life ended, hope has been survived. 1. Gadflys character change before and after his artificial death 1.1 What Does Gadfly Like before His Artificial Death? At the beginning of the novel, Arthur is a teenager with a pure mind. He is only a big boy who is full of dream and happiness. He learns about theology hard everyday because he wants to be an excellent priest just like Padre Montanelli. He thought that Padre Montanelli is the best priest that he has seen. In Arthurs eyes everything is beautiful and pure, whose predilection towards a benevolent world. He believes that the world is so beautiful, and he lives in a world which is filled with love and genuine. Although his uncle, his sisters and brothers are not friendly to him, he still fells very happy, he has his Padre Montanelli. He is the one who will not leave him forever no matter what will happen.1.2 The Event Which Leads Arthur to Be GadflyWhen Padre Montanelli is in another place for his career, Arthur told another priest about his secret, that is he is a man who devotes his life to the revolutionary. And the priest told the secret to the government. So a lot of people were put into the prison.When these people were in the prison, they heard that it is Arthur who betrayed them. At that time Arthur thinks that his Padre Montanelli and his friend Gemma will believe him. But when he comes out from the prison, Gemma doesnt believe him. She claps him in the face. What was worse, after he goes back his home, he is told that Padre Montanelli , his dear Padre, is his father. Everything in his value is a fake. All the cruel realities hurt his heart: he is fooled by Padre Montanelli he respected, cheated by the religion he believed, misunderstood by his lover. All these facts lightened him, and then he decided to make an artificial death to live better. 1.3 Thirteen Years Later, another Arthur, Gadfly Comes Back as a Satirize Writer He moves from being a theological student with Padre Montanelli (his father figure) to the life of a satirist, revolutionary, and great enemy of the church. Arthur becomes a fully-fledged atheist, he hated the hypocrisy of prayer, hate all priests, but he knows that, in any case, he still loves the Padre; he doesnt hate him, as long as his Padre will spend the rest of his life on loving him. Then he will be satisfied, he will be happy. In a fight, when Gadfly wants to run away, he sees Montanelli, his father. Gadfly doesnt run away because his full heart is attracted by the man who is his father, who is always with a warm smile on his face. Then Gadfly was put into the prison again. During the time when he is in the prison, he doesnt give in. And he wants to have a bet. Thirteen years ago, his father chooses his career and gives him up. If he has another choice, will he change his mind? Gadfly waits and waits, at last, the result disappoints him. Montanelli chooses his career one more time, although Montanelli tries to save Gadfly, and he tries to persuade his only son that he loves very much. Although he cries, cries very sad, but his choice is still God, only God. Arthur is poor, Gemma is a pain for him from Italy to South America, many years of suffering, he put down. Finally, he returned to Italy. He saw Gemma and they loved each other, but not forever. He died, she cried in pain. He pained all the time, and she was also suffering. And as she knows he is still alive, she can be relieved; she can forget their past mistakes, he once again died in front of her.Wether I am alive Or I die I have been a gadfly A happy fly This poem is the final writing, writing it, he was on the line, and then he died. He died very hard, because there were two soldiers, they were so loved him, they took the tremulous gun hand, their tears in the cheeks, but they still have to kill him that is the work. In countless bullet sound, gadfly is dead, all in the play, but the dead so strong, so bright. Montanelli looks at his sons death, he had killed him, he is in God, and his sons, decided to choose the false god, gave up so miserable and so need loving son. He was destined to regret their decisions, he was destined to be crazy, finally, he became crazy. God is not the God of mercy, although he is loyal to the God and devote all of his life to the God.2. Montanellis Character Change before and after Arthurs Death2.1 Montanelli Has Ever Been a Priest Who Is Gentle, Merciful and Full of LoveMontanelli is a Catholic clergy. Since the day when he gave his loyalty to God, he made a vow not to marry forever. He was handsome, gentle, and merciful. When he w-as young, he fell in love with Gadflys mother in the association with her. As a priest, he cannot have love. But as an individual, he has certain want and need. It is at that time that love and God produced serious conflict. He had to make a choice between love and God. In this conflict between humanity and divinity, the divinity got the upper hand and won out. When realizing his stealing to taste the forbidden fruit, Montanelli felt very scared like a child doing something wrong so that he exiled himself to China as a punishment to his disloyalty to God. It is necessary to emphasize that the reason why Montanelli abandoned Glady is not that he was an unmerciful and irresponsible person but that he has been enslaved by God. On the contrary, he was a good person. Although he believed in Roman Catholicism deeply and was a high-level priest, his conscience did not die out. Therefore, it can be seen easily what a tremendous sacrifice he had made for his faith. He must have contended with his mind painfully. 2.2 Montanellis Happiness and Pain Montanelli loves his son very much, and in a chance he turns into persist of Authur. He fells happy for a long time, and he thinks that is the God who makes it. He teaches Authur how to be an excellent person. He teaches him everything he knows. When they are together, they indeed have a great time. Although sometimes they will have some different opinions at something, they will debate fiercely. They are still very happy.Montanelli feels very sorry for Authurs mother. Between God and Authurs mother, he chooses the God and went away for China for two years. When he has come back, Authurs mother has already been dead, and she leaves a child for him. At the same time, Montanelli feels very worried. He worried that if one day Authur knows that he is his father, what will he thinks? Maybe he will lose his son forever. And he is worried about that if someone knows that he has a child, he will be laughed at by others and he will lose all that he has now. The most important thing is that he is loyal to the God, he wants to devote all his life to the career, he cant live without God. With theses thoughts, he lives in happiness and pains. 2.3 Montanellis Character Change after Authurs First DeathWhen Montanelli comes back their town, Arthur has been dead already. When he has heard the news, he falls in great sorrow without several meals. Although he knows the man who told Arthurs secret to the government, he can not do anything about that. He thinks that it is Gods mind to separate him and his son for his fault when he was young. He doesnt hate anyone. He believes that it is his fate. Before Authurs death, he divides his life into two parts, one is for Authur, and another one is for the God. But now, Authur is not here any more. So he put all his energies to his career. He becomes much more loyal to the God than before.Everyone can see his kindness and everyone respects him. After thirteen years time, he becomes a famous persist that everyone loves.2.4 Montanellis Character Change after Authurs Second Death In a chance, Arthur met Padre Montanelli again. But the Padre was the member of Arthurs enemy. After a series of severe clashes, Arthur was arrested. In the prison, Padre Montanelli tempted Arthur to come over and pledge allegiance. Arthur rejected it, stated his belief and faith and scolded Montanelli. When Arthurs father has to make a decision between his career and his son, he chose his career. And this is the main key element to Gadflys death. At last, Montanelli became crazy following the moment Arthur was hanged. At first he chooses God to be his belief, then he found that Christ was crucified. And he is destined to be merciful, he was acceptable to all confessions, and what he can do, is only the acceptance of the confession. He cant do what others do, and he could not save Montanelli, more save Arthur. But Montanelli does not know, never know, the way he treated his own son, is very unfair, but he did not know God, he was puzzled by his mind, only the empty god. When he finally wakes up, he must face the heaven or hell of the God, and he will say, he still loves God? Also keeps his faith? He would regret it, will be. He will see the God who was broken into pieces, he will put the heart away from God, that he really loves, is his son. But all this is already late, heaven is infinitely high, hell is coming, he will never find his beloved any more. And after his sons death, he has been in mental disease.2.5 The Relationship between Arthur and MontanelliThe relationship between Arthur and Montanelli is afforded for thought. In fact the author does not want to define Montanelli as a merciless character such as Yue Buqun. Montanelli is religious. Although Montanellis belief isnt right, he was loyal to it at least. The change of his status shocked Arthur for a certainty, but it was the fault which he made when he was young. He had tried to make up his fault. He loved Arthur actually, so he became crazy after Arthurs death. In other words, he was also the victim of the disordered times. And Arthur and Montanelli they still love each other all the time. 3. The Character Change of Arthurs Friend : Gemma3.1 A Young Girl Who Is Full of EnergiesArthur and Gemma, They grew up toge