很好用的初一教案素材.doc

【成语来源】tocontradictoneself自相矛盾A man of the state of Chu (ch gu 楚国) had a spear and a shield for sale.楚国有个卖兵器的人，在市场上卖矛和盾。He was loud in praises of his shield.My shield is so strong that nothing can pierce it through.为了让人家愿意买他的货，他先举起盾向人们夸口道：“你们看，我的盾是世上最坚固的盾，任何锋利的东西都不能刺穿它。”He also sang praises of his spear.My spear is so strong that it can pierce through anything.接着又举起他的矛，向人吹嘘说：“你们再看看我的矛，它锋利无比，无坚不摧，无论多么坚硬的盾，都挡不住它，一刺就穿！”What would happen, he was asked, if your spear is used to pierce your shield?人群中有人问道：“如果用你的矛去刺你的盾，结果怎么样？”It is impossible for an impenetrable shield to coexist with a spear that finds nothing impenetrable. 这世界上一样无坚不摧的东西永远不会与一样什么都能摧毁的东西共存。【文化链接】“自相矛盾”的英文表达，常用“to contradict oneself”，比如：“你自相矛盾了”就可以说：“Youre contradicting yourself.”或者“Youve contradicted yourself.”曾经有一个英文帖子就讨论过“Can you contradict yourself in one sentence? ”（你能在一句话里面做到自相矛盾吗？），答案千奇百怪，这里就给大家看两个例子1.In the military its, Hurry up and wait.（在军队里，有一种说法叫做“Hurry up and wait. ”，英语解释是：“The concept of making every effort to arrive at a location ahead of the appointed time, with the expectation of having to wait upon arrival. ”也就是说不惜一切力量在指定时间之前就到达了目的地，但自己知道到达之后也要一直等到指定的时间。“hurry up（迅速）” 和“wait（等待）”是含有一定相对意义的词，所以就在这么简短的一句话中，就做到了自相矛盾这句话也被广泛应用在各个场所、各个领域）2.Yes, I cant.（这句有很简短啊，同时还达到效果了“yes（是的）”和“cant（不能、不会）”形成了自相矛盾的效果）【成语来源】show offbefore anexpert/teach a fish how to swim班门弄斧Lu Ban (鲁班) was supposed to be a consummate carpenter in ancient times.古代有一个建筑和雕刻技术非常高超的人，名叫鲁班。It is said that he once carved a wooden phoenix that was so lifelike that it actually flew in the sky for three days. 传说他曾用木头制作了一只五彩斑斓的凤凰，能够在空中飞翔三天不掉下来。Thus it was considered the height of folly to show off ones skill with an axe in front of Lu Ban. 谁敢在鲁班门前卖弄使用斧子的技术，也就是说，想在大行家面前显示自的本领，这种太不谦虚的可笑行为，就叫做“班门弄斧”（ 这句成语有时也用作自谦之词，表示自己不敢在行家面前卖弄自己的小本领）。【成语活用】Im making a fool of myself trying to show off before an expert like you.在你面前班门弄斧,太不好意思了。【文化链接】“班门弄斧”的英文表达，常用“to teach a fish how to swim”，也就是说“去教一条鱼怎么游泳”，鱼本来就会游泳，怎么还用人来教呢？所以英语中要表示一个人“班门弄斧”做无用的行为的时候，就会用“to teach a fish how to swim”。举例来说： My son, fresh out of college, keeps telling me how to run my business. But Ive been making good money for 30 years so hes teaching a fish how to swim.我的儿子大学刚毕业，可是他却不断地来告诉我应该怎麼做生意我叁十年来生意做得很好，赚了不少钱所以，他来告诉我怎麼做生意简直是班门弄斧。【成语来源】come out of nowhere一鸣惊人In the Warring States Period (战国), Duke Wei of Qi neglected state affairs, for the first three years of his reign, giving himself over to dissipation. 战国时期，齐威王继承王位已有三年了，可是他整天饮酒作乐，不理朝政。One of his minister, Chun Yukun (chn y kn)who had a good sense of humor, said to him:”There is a big bird which has never taken wing nor sung for three years.Your Highness, may you guess what kind of bird is it?” 有一个大臣叫淳于髡，很有幽默感，对齐威王说：“臣听说齐国有一只大鸟，三年来不飞也不叫，大王知道这是一只什么鸟？”The duke answered, “Once that bird starts to fly and sing, it will astonish the world.”（其实淳于髡是暗喻齐威王）齐威王答道：“一旦这只鸟开始飞翔高歌，必然震惊世界。”The duke then devoted himself to his duties and built his state up into a powerful one.从此齐威王勤于朝政，励精图治，国威大振。This idiom is used to indicate that a person may rise from obscurity and achieve greatness. 成语“一鸣惊人”比喻平时默默无闻或是无所作为，但一旦认真起来，便一下子干出一番惊人的事来。【文化链接】英文中“一鸣惊人”可以用“come out of nowhere”来表达，直译也就是“不知道从哪里就突然出现”的意思，这样一想也就容易理解了网上曾有一个帖子名叫“9 Sports Stars Who Came Out Of Nowhere”（9个“一鸣惊人”的体育明星），帖子中就细数了体坛九位“一鸣惊人”体坛黑马，其中自然会有我们的骄傲“林书豪”啦【成语来源】super good song 余音绕梁enIn the Warring State Period (战国) , there was a girl in the State of Qi called Han E (韩娥) who sang beautifully.在战国时期，有一位歌声撩人的少女，名曰韩娥。Once when she was passing through the State of Qi she had to sing to earn money to buy food. 有一次韩娥路过齐国时，以唱歌卖艺来挣钱，以此为生。When she left Qi the echoes of her songs clung to the beams of the houses there for three days before people realized that she had left.当她离开齐国时，她的歌声仍在房屋的梁木间萦绕，直到三日之后，人们才意识到韩娥已经离开了。This idiom is used to describe unforgettably beautifull singing. 这个成语就形容歌声的美丽与令人难忘。【文化链接】英文中“余音绕梁”虽然没有特别传神的表达，但若想表达“歌曲很好听”可以用“super good song”，也就是“超级好听的歌”的意思。其实“super+adj.”是一个十分常用的表达形式，比如“十分聪明的学生”就可以说“super clever student”，又比如“极其才华横溢的导演”就可以说“super brilliant director”。其实，英语中表达“一首歌极其好听”还有很多不同的表达方式，小编在此为大家介绍一种很赞的表达方式，那就是“eye of the tiger”，直译就是“老虎的眼睛”，那为什么说“一首歌像老虎眼睛”就是“余音绕梁”了呢？老虎眼本身就体现了老虎的一大优秀特质（The name itself means a significance characteristic of a tiger.），同时有一首经典的个就做“eye of the tiger”（电影洛奇的插曲），所以这个词本身已经成了表达“好歌”的代名词了。【例句】This song is eye of the tiger.这首歌堪比老虎之眼。This kind of sounds like eye of the tiger.这歌听着就像老虎之眼一样经典。【成语来源】castles in the air空中楼阁A rich man asked an architect to build a three-story house for him.有一个富人让一位建筑师为他建造一个三层楼的房子。When the first story was finished, the rich man said to the architect: I want only the third story; not the first and second stories. 当第一层建造好的时候，富人对建筑师说：“我只想要第三层楼，不要第一、第二层。”The architect asked, But without the first and second stories, how can I build the third story? 建筑师说：“但没有第一、第二层，何来第三层呢？”Shaking his head, he packed up his things, and left.建筑师于是就摇了摇头，收拾东西离开了。This idiom indicates an unrealistic or impractical plan or theory. 这个成语现在比喻不现实或者不可行的计划或者理论等。【文化链接】英文中“空中楼阁”可以说成“castles in the air”，基本就是直译了，所以不难理解哦英文解释是“plans or hopes that have very little chance of happening”，也就是指“发生机会微乎其微的计划或者希望”。我们来一起看几个例句吧She tells me shes planned out her whole career, but as far as I can see its all just castles in the air. 她告诉我她已经有了整个职业计划，但是就我看来其实只是“空中楼阁”而已。Before you start building castles in the air, just think how much all this is likely to cost.在你开始建立“空中楼阁”之前，不如先想想你需要付出多少代价。【成语来源】mere copycat东施效颦In the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋时期,770-476 BC), there was a beauty in the State of Yue called Xishi (西施).传说春秋时期，越国有一美女，名唤西施。She often suffered from pains in her chest, and so she would often walk around doubled over and with her brows knitted.但是西施有心口疼的毛病，所以她经常手捂胸口，皱着眉头走着。There was an ugly girl in the village called Dongshi who envied Xishi. 村子里还住着一位丑姑娘，叫做东施，她十分嫉妒西施。Striving to emulate Xishi, she imitated her stoop, knitting her brows at the same time. 于是东施时常效仿西施，手捂胸口，紧皱眉头。She thought that this made her elegant, but in fact, it only made her more ugly.东施觉得她效仿西施就会变得很美丽，但是实际上，只会使她变得更难看而已。Later, this idiom came to be used to indicate improper imitation that produces the reverse effect. 这个典故比喻不恰当的模仿，带来相反的效果。【文化链接】英文中“东施效颦”可以说成“mere copycat”，“mere”有“仅仅”的意思，而“copycat”则可以表示我们常说的“山寨”，也就是“模仿的产品”，所以合在一起就是“仅仅只是山寨而已”，也就是“东施效颦”所表达的含义啦比如说，大家都知道美国由好莱坞Hollywood，而印度有一个宝莱坞Bollywood,所以曾有人说“宝莱坞是不是东施效颦好莱坞呢？”，英文表达就是“Bollywood a mere copycat?”，但事实其实不是哈，宝莱坞已经越来越有自己的特色，也有很多广为人知的好电影了。【成语来源】be afraid of ones own shadow草木皆兵In AD 383, the king of Former Qin (秦朝), Fu Jian (f jin 苻坚), led a huge army to attack Eastern Jin. 公元383年，秦王苻坚率领步兵、骑兵90万，攻打江南的晋朝。After losing the first round of fighting, Fu Jian looked down from a city wall, and was terrified when he saw the formidable battle array of the Eastern Jin army.在一轮战败后，苻坚从城墙俯视周遭，当他看到势不可破的东晋部队，他感到很害怕。And then looking at the mountains around, he mistook the grass and trees for enemy soldiers. 此时，苻坚在寿春城上望见晋军队伍严整，士气高昂，再北望八公山，只见山上一草一木都像晋军的士兵一样，于是更加恐慌。As a result, when the nervous Fu Jian led his army into battle, it suffered a crushing defeat.后来苻坚全军覆没，带着少数残余的队伍逃回去了。This idiom describes how one can defeat oneself by imaging difficulties.这个成语后来形容人在极度惊恐时，疑神疑鬼的心理状态。【文化链接】英文中“草木皆兵”的相应说法可以用“afraid of ones own shadow”，也就是一个人连自己的影子都怕，当一个人连自己的影子都怕的时候，是不是就是疑神疑鬼，“草木皆兵”了呢我们来一起看一个例句吧She stays at home all the time and never makes any new friends. She seems to be afraid of her own shadow. 她老待在家里, 从不交新朋友，感觉“草木皆兵”。【成语来源】Honey in the mouth and swords in the stomach/Judas kiss口蜜腹剑Li Lin-fu was a prime minister of China during the Tang dynasty (唐朝, 618907AD). 李林甫，唐玄宗时官居“兵部尚书”兼“中书令”这是宰相的职位。He was good at both calligraphy and painting, but had a crafty and sinister personality which made him disliked by everyone. 此人若论才艺倒也不错，能书善画。但若论品德，那是坏透了，所以并不受欢迎。Li Lin-fu would bribe the palace eunuchs and concubines to tell him what the emperor liked, and then would immediately go prepare that thing for the emperor. The emperor was therefore very fond of Li Lin-fu, and trusted him unduly. 李林甫常常贿赂宦官来告诉他皇上的喜好，然后再准备东西讨好皇上。因此皇上很倚重李林甫。One time, the minister Li Shr-jr offended Li Lin-fu. Li Lin-fu pretended not to care, and was in fact especially nice to the minister. 有一次，大臣李适之冒犯了李林甫，李林甫表面上并不在意，还装作对这个大臣特别好。Then on a day, he told Li Shr-jr about some gold that was hidden over in Hua Mountain, and encouraged him to suggest mining this gold to the emperor. 然后有一天，李林甫告诉李适之在华山后面藏着金子，并怂恿他让皇上去挖金。Li Shr-jr being of an honest and upright disposition, believed that it was true, and immediately went and told the emperor. 李适之为人老实，就信以为真，马上就去告诉了皇上。But when the emperor began to discuss this with Li Lin-fu, Li Lin-fu acted very frightened and said,Hua Mountain in the place where all of Your Majestys auspicious aurora are gathered. If we were to mine that area, it could be very dangerous for you. Who is it that wants to harm you?”玄宗立刻把李林甫找来商议，李林甫却说：“这件事我早知道了，华山是帝王风水集中的地方，怎么可以随便开采呢？别人劝您开采，恐怕是不怀好意；我几次想把这件事告诉您，只是不敢开口。”Today we can describe someone who is two-faced and always nice on the outside and yet is mean to people behind their backs as having Honey in the Mouth and Swords in the Stomach.如今当我们形容一个人是两面派，表面对人温文尔雅，但暗地伤人的人时，我们就用“口蜜腹剑”这个成语。【文化链接】“口蜜腹剑”的英文表达是“Judas kiss”，就是“犹大之吻”的意思，该词源出于圣经故事。Judas 是耶稣的十二门徒之一，但为了三十个银币却出卖了自己的老师耶稣。他假惺惺地向耶稣问好，并且亲吻他，以此向前来捉拿耶稣的人示意谁是耶稣，结果耶稣被他们捉走并钉死在十字架上。所以“Judas kiss”就是“口蜜腹剑”，“笑面虎”的意思啦同时，单单用“Judas”可以表示“叛徒、背叛者”的意思，所以“play Judas（扮演 Judas 的角色）”就是“当叛徒”的意思。我们来看一个例句：When he said he had some extremely important information and must talk to the chief in person, no one suspected it was meant to be a Judas kiss. 当他说有些极为重要的情报，必须和头儿亲自谈时，谁也没怀疑这是个出卖的行为。【成语来源】food handed out in contempt嗟来之食One year during the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋时期,770-476 BC), there was a the Qi State (齐国) was severely strickend by a famine. 春秋时代，有一年齐国发生大饥荒。Qian Ao (qin o 黔敖), a very rich but arrogant man took the occasion to showcase his generosity through preparing food by the roadside and giving it to the passing refugees in charity. 有一位叫做黔敖有钱贵族，在街边准备食物分发给来往的难民，以显示自己的慷慨。A man with shabby clothes happened to walk by with his shoes trailing along, he was so hungry as not to open his eyes. 有一个饥民，用衣袖蒙着脸，拖着鞋，饿得眼睛都睁不开的样子，慢慢地走过来。Seeing the poor man, Qian Ao held the food by left hand and the drink by right hand, and shouted at him,Hi, come to eat !”黔敖见了，就左手拿着吃的，右手捧着喝的，向他喊道：“喂，来吃吧！”Hearing the word, the man glared his eyes and said, “It is because I am not willing to eat the food handed out in contempt that I have been famished to such a degree. 那人一听这话，立即瞪着眼睛，说道：“我就是因为不吃嗟来之食，才饿到这般地步的。Though Qian Ao made an apology to him for that, the man still resolutely refused to eat the food and thus he died of hunger in the end.尽管黔敖向他道歉，那人仍然坚决不吃，终于饿死了。This set phrase now extensively denotes the disrespectful aims. This story means that a person who has a strong sense of self-respect would rather die of hunger than be despised.此故事讲的是一个怀有强烈自尊心的人，宁可饿死也不肯接受人轻视。现在这个成语泛指带有侮辱性的施舍。【文化链接】中文中“嗟来之食”的意思就是“带有侮辱性的施舍”，英语直译就是“something handed out in contempt”，那如果是“主动去乞求帮助或是施舍”的话，英语该如何表达呢？英文中常用惯语有“come hat in hand”，也就是是乞求或请求别人“施舍”，求人给一些原本不属于你的东西，源自英国民俗，根据当时英国的民间习俗，当一个人穷困潦倒、无以为生时，就可以手持帽子，低声下气地向别人乞讨，以获取他人的同情，这是一种非常丢脸的行为，所以一般人除非迫不得已，否则是不会这样做的。所以，come hat in hand 常用来比喻“走投无路”、“穷困潦倒”、“有求于人”。例如： Retired workers need not come hat in hand to ask for supplementary allowance. （退休工人就不必卑躬屈膝地请求追加补助费了。）【成语来源】laugh out of the other side of your mouth乐极生悲Chunyu Kun (淳于髡) lived in the state of Qi (齐国) during the Warring States Period (战国,475-221 BC).He was wise, humorous and eloquent. He skillfully advised the king on many occasions and successfully went to many states as an envoy. 战国时期，齐国有个叫淳于髡的人。他幽默机智，能说会道，给齐威王出过许多好主意，并且成功出使了许多其他的国家。 In the year 349 BC, the State of Chu (楚国) dispatched a large force to attack Qi.公元349年，楚国派出大批军队攻打齐国。The king of Qi sent Chunyu Kun to the state of Zhao (赵国) to ask for help, with a lot of valuable gifts.齐王派淳于髡去赵国寻求帮助，于是他带着许多贵重的礼品去了赵国。The king of Zhao accpeted the gifts gladly and sent a hundred thousand troops to help Qi. 赵王见了礼物十分高兴，派了十万士兵去援助齐国。The king of Chu withdrew his army that very night as soon as he got the news.那天晚上，楚王得到这消息，马上撤回了自己的军队。The king of Qi was released and pleased with Chunyu Kun. He set a banquet for celebration.齐威王松了一口气，十分满意淳于髡的表现，并决定设宴为他庆功。During the meal, the king asked Chunyu Kun, How much wine can you drink before youre drunk, Sir?在宴会上，齐威王问淳于髡：“先生你喝多少酒会醉？” Knowing the king had a bad habit of drinking all night, Chunyu Kun decided to take this chance to admonish the king. So he replied, I get drunk when I drink ten litres or hundred.他幽默地回答说：“我有时喝一升酒就会醉，有时喝一百升酒才会醉。”Puzzled, the king asked, Since you are drunk after ten litres, how can you finish another ninty litres?齐威王听了很奇怪。他问：“你喝一升已经醉了，怎么还会有喝一百升的道理呢？”Chunyu Kun then explained that he could drink different amounts of wine under different conditions. He said, This occurs to me that when you drink to your limit, you get so drunk that you lose your sense; once joy reaches its height, then its sorrows turn. This is the rule for everything. Whatever you do, you are bound to end up in the opposite direction when you exceed the limits. 淳于髡就告诉齐王，在不同的情况下他的酒量是不一样的。他说：“喝酒让我想到一句古话：人喝酒到了自己的极限，烂醉之后就没了理智，一旦开心过了头，就会发生悲惨的事。所有的事情都是这个道理。不论你做什么，超过了限度，往往就会适得其反。”Realizing Chunyu Kun was advising him, the king answered, You are right. I will take your advice.齐威王知道淳于髡在劝诫他，回答说：“你说得对，我会接受你的建议的。”From then on, the king of Qi gave up his bad habit of drinking and playing all night.从那以后，齐威王改掉了整晚饮酒作乐的坏习惯。【文化链接】“乐极生悲”是有相对的美国俚语的，那就是“laugh out of the other side of your mouth”，有点“高兴得太早了”的意味，“高兴早了”并且过了头，就“乐极生悲”了。我们来看一下例句：Bill thought he got a real bargain because the car was half the normal price. Now hes laughing out of the other side of his mouth. The police came to tell him the car was stolen. So he loses both the car and the money.比尔以半价买了辆车，他以为自己捡了个大便宜。但是他高兴得太早了，警察后来找上门告诉他那是辆黑车，所以他现在车、款两空！【成语来源】towin a war with words纸上谈兵In the Warring States Period (战国), the State of Zhao (赵国) had a famous general called Zhao She, whose son, Zhao Kuo, was very fond of reading books on military science and discussing strategy.战国时，赵国名将赵奢 (sh) 的儿子赵括，喜欢看兵书，并且喜爱讨论军事战术。He couldlearnmilitary texts by heart, and when discussing warfare he spoke so clearly and logically that it seemed that even his father was not his match. 他把兵书背得滚瓜烂熟，谈起打仗来头头是道，好像他的父亲都不是他的对手。When the State of Qin attacked the State of Zhao, the ruler of Zhao ordered Zhao Kuo to lead 400,000 men to resist the attack. 当秦国攻进军攻击赵国的时候，赵王派赵括率领四十万大军去抵抗。But since Zhao Kuo had no practical experience of battle, he was defeated and lost his life.由于他只知道死抠书本而不会在实际中灵活运用，最后指挥失策，以致全军覆灭，他自己也中箭身亡。Later people used this idiom to describe those who are good only at theorizing, and lack practical experience.最后人们根据这一历史故事，把死抠书本，没有实际经验，只会夸夸其谈称为“纸上谈兵”。【文化链接】英语中“纸上谈兵”的表达方式相对比较直白，通常可以说“to win a war with words”，在经典影片乱世佳人中，战争爆发前夕，当南方贵族们在夸夸其谈讨论如何作战时，白瑞德就说道：“I think its hard winning a war with words.”（“我认为纸上谈兵没什么作用。”）六年级英语完形填空练习及答案7When you are in England, you must be very careful in the streets _1_ the traffic drives_2_ the left. _3_ you cross a street, you must look to the _4_ first and then left.In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from work, the streets are very_5_. Traffic is most dangerous then.When you go by bus in England, you have to be _6_, too. Always remember the trafficmoves on the left. So you must be careful. Have a look first, _7_ you will go the wrong way.In many English cities, there are big buses _8_ two floors. You can sit on the second floor._9_ there you can see the city very _10_. Its very interesting.1. A. so B. but C. however D. because2. A. in B. on C. to D. by3. A. After B. While C. Before D. But4. A. left B. right C. buses D. front5. A. busy B. long C. many D. dirty6. A. safe B. busy C. dangerous D. careful7. A. and B. or C. because D. when8. A. with B. in C. on D. for9. A. On B. From C. Off D. To10. A. well B. good C. fine D. niceDBCBADBABA六年级英语完形填空练习及答案6Once there was a boy in Toronto. His name was Jimmy. He started drawing when he was three years old, and when he was five he was already very _1_ at it. He drew many beautiful interesting pictures, and many people _2_ his pictures. They thought this boy was going to be _3_ when he was a little older, and then they were going to _4_ these pictures for a lot of money.Jimmys pictures were quite different from other _5_ becau