八年级形容词、副词的比较级和最高级语法知识讲解.doc

八年级上册英语 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 一、形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。 例如: poor tall great glad bad 二、比较级的定义：大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little，a lot修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。 三、比较级和最高级的构成：（1）规则变化：单音节和部分双音节的形容词比较级一般在词尾加-er，最高级在词尾加-estcalm-calmercalmesttall-taller-tallest smart-smarter-smartest以字母e结尾的比较级直接在词尾加-r，最高级加-st.nice-nicer-nicest fine-finer-finest largelarger-largest以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，比较级加-er”，最高级加-est.earlyearlier-earliest happyhappier-happiest busybusier-busiest以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-estbigbigger-biggest thinthinner-thinnest hothotter-hottest多音节或部分双音节的形容词,比较级在原级前面加more，最高级在原级前加most e.g: popular-more popularmost popular important-more importantmost important（2）不规则变化：少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的：goodbetter-best bad/illworse-worst many/muchmore-mostlittleless-least far-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest old-older/elderoldest/eldest四、比较级的用法:(一)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级1表达“A和B一样”，用asas的结构。公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as+B A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as+Be.g I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。2表达“A不如B”用not asas的结构。公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as+B A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as+Be.g I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。 He doesnt run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。3表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+BA+实义动词+副词比较级+than+Be.g I am taller than you.我比你高。 He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。(二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法1比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更”，“得”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。e.g He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。想一想，这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗？2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。e.g I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。This building is 20 meters higher than that one.3“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。 It is getting warmer and warmer天气越来越暖和。He is running faster and faster他跑得越来越快。0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful我们祖国越来越美了。4“the more， the more”表示“越，就越”，The more，the better.多多益善。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯错就越少。5“the moreof the two”表示“两个当中较。的一个” The taller of the two boys is my brother.五、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级1表达“是中最的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。公式：主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的介词短语或从句主语+实义动词+（the） +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句e.g He is the tallest (student) in our class. He jumps the highest of the three boys. This is the best book that I have ever read.2表示“最的中一个”，用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。e.g He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。注意：(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能要定冠词the.（二）常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题： (一)、按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。 e.g He is more careful than I (me).(二)、只有同类的事物才能比较 e.g Her bag is bigger than mine. 不能说 Her bag is bigger than I.The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.不能说The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.【语法专项练习题】一 给下列单词加比较级和最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级round bright tall young long black nice fine big easy heavy good little much clever fat dirty busy hot old fun funny ill bad interesting beautiful far tired exciting difficult fast small wide thin large calm 二翻译1.She is student her class. 她是班上最好的学生。 2.Shanghai is one of cities China. 上海是中国最大城市之一。 3.This is apple I have ever met. 这是我见到的最大的苹果。 4.Tom is boy in his basketball team. 汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。5.I am only than you .我只比你小一岁。三根据句意，将括号中的形容词变成比较级或最高级1.That is (easy) of all.2.He is （clever） boy in the class.3.John is (short) than Tom.4.This box is (heavy) than that one .5.She is (pretty) girl in the group.6.Which film is (interesting) ,this one or that one?7.Can you show me (near) shop here?8.I think English is one of (important) subjects in middle school. 四、选择题 （ ）1、That boy looks as as a boxer.A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong（ ）2、Then Summer Palace is than Zhong Shan park.A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger（ ）3、Which do you like , apples or oranges?A. good B. better C. best D. well（ ）4、-Oh, the food is bad. -I think so .And the service(服务) is _. Athe worst B. worse C. badder D. the worse（ ）5、-You are the same coat as I. -Yes, Mine is , but not so as yours.A. better, expensive B. better, more expensive C. much better, more expensive D. good, more expensive（ ）6、The experts think that Indias population may be than Chinas 2020.A. much, by B. more, in C. larger, by D. larger, on（ ）7、This year our school is than it was last year.A. much beautiful B. the most beautiful C. beautifuler D. much more beautiful（ ）8、 you work, knowledge you will get.A. The harder, more B. The harder, the more C. Harder, the more D. Harder, more（ ）9、He has friends than I.A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more（ ）10、She draws better than .A. us all B. we all C. all us D. all we（ ）11、Shanghai is larger than city in China. A. any B. any other C. the others D. any else （ ） 12、Im not sure whether Mary can sing Ann.A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. so good as（ ）13、I have fewer apples than .A. he B. his C. hers D. mine（ ）14、The news is surprising.A. much B. very C. more D. very much（ ）15、The population of China is larger than .A. America B. the one of Americas C. that of America D. Americans（ ）16、Which is clothing store in your town? A. the best B. the better C. the most good D. best（ ）17、My sister is person I know. A. the funniest B. the funnier C . the most fun D. funniest（ ）18、Is Mr Du teacher in your school?A. the most busy B. the busier C. the most busiest D. the busiest（ ）19、He is more beuutiful than I.A. too B. enough C. much D. very（ ）20、The box is heavy .I cant move it.A. much B. more C. enough D. too（ ）21、The book is the one in the bookshop Athe most cheap Bthe expensive Cthe most expensive Dthe less expensiver（ ）22、I have apples and milk than you.A. many, little B. more, less C. more, least D. many, less （ ）23、You should study English hard, because its getting in our country .A. more and more important B. more important and more importantC. importanter and importanter D. important and important（ ）24、Her brother is than she. A. 7 year older B. 7 year old C. 7 years old D. 7 years older（ ）25、The Famous People Talent Show was one of that I have ever seen.A. the most fantastic show B. most fantastic shows C. the more fantastic shows D. the most fantastic shows形容词，副词同级，比较级，最高级语法讲解形容词同级，比较级，最高级一 形容词同级句型：A + be 动词（am, is, are) +as +形容词原形+ as +B 意为：A 与B 同样的eg: My best friend is as old as I (/me). 我最好的朋友与我一样大。否定句：A + be 动词（am, is, are) +not+as/so +形容词原形+ as +B 意为：A 不如B那么eg：My pen pal is not as careful as his brother. 我的笔友不如他弟弟细心。【拓展】1 as+形容词原形+ as possible 尽可能的（形容词修饰名词）eg: Read books as many as possible.尽可能多读书。2 A +倍数+ be 动词（am, is, are) +as +形容词原形+ as +B 意为：A是B的几倍倍数表达法：half一半twice / two times 二倍 数字+倍数 （三倍及以上）eg: His ruler is twice as long as mine. 他的尺子是我的二倍长。二 形容词比较级句型：A + be 动词（am, is, are) +形容词比较级+ than +B意为：A 比B更eg: Lily is more beautiful than her elder sister. Lily比她姐姐更漂亮。否定句：be 动词后+not意为：A 不比B更eg: My jacket is not cheaper than his. 我的夹克并不比你的便宜。【拓展】1 比较级前可以加a little, much, a lot, even等修饰，表示程度。eg: 他的宠物狗甚至比以前更胖了。 His pet dog is even fatter than before.饮食比锻炼重要得多吗？Is diet much more important than exercise ?2 比较级+and+比较级越来越eg: This song is more and more popular. 这首歌越来越流行了。3 the +比较级+of the two二者中较为eg: This way/means is the more traditional of the two. 这种方式是这两者中更为传统的。三 形容词最高级句型：A + be 动词（am, is, are) +the +形容词最高级 （三者或三者以上）意为：A是最的eg: This apple tree is the tallest.这棵苹果树是最高的。Jim is the most active student.Jim是最活跃的学生。【拓展】1 最高级前一定要加the, 后面可带of / in 短语说明比较的范围。of+(同类事物或人）in+(范围或