[高三英语]2013届新课标重庆高考英语专题复习完形填空及阅读理解及完型专讲专练学生版.doc

2013届新课标重庆高考英语专题复习完形填空及阅读理解题型专讲专练专题一：完形填空一、 重庆高考完形填空考什么？重庆高考英语卷考情分析：ABCD的答案选项分布均衡，动词及动词短语、名词、形容词是考查重点。尤其是动词和形容词更是重中之重。每年均会有8-10个动词及动词短语考查；4-6个名词的考查，同时有3个形容词的考查，1-2个副词的考查，1-2个连词的考查，偶尔出现代词的考查，同时最近三年一直未出现介词及介词短语的考查，复习时应由所侧重。重庆英语高考完形填空采用30分制，共20道，1.5分一道。就重庆高考英语完形填空题材而言，几乎都是以记叙文为主， 题目设置以实词为主、虚词为辅，严格遵守首行不设空的高考命题要求。考点主要集中在动词及动词短语，形容词，副词，名词，代词和连词等，其中，动词及动词短语的考查最多，特别是11年的完形填空中，对于动词短语的考查就有3道，是近五年中，专门考查动词短语最多的。除此之外，完形填空中对于把握作者意图，根据上下文联系的考查更是重中之重，所以，要在完形拿下高分，考生需保持思维的一贯性及注重前后文联系。切记不能像做单选一样，做一道扔一道。现在的完型已经不考语法，大大增加了上下文推理出题的比例。1.整体把握：1. 短文难度基本稳定，与高中英语教材课文难易基本相当。2. 短文选材一般为故事性文章，极少采用其他题材的文章。但往往不按时间顺序平铺直叙，有插叙或倒叙。有时还夹有描述和议论。3. 短文的第一句不设空格，提供给考生一个思路，以便考生做题。4. 考查内容主要是逻辑上的通顺，极少考语法。所以每题四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。5. 短文长度基本稳定，一般在250300个单词左右。2.命题规律：1. 同义、近义词辨析型：多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词。（平时要多把这几类词性的词归纳记忆）2. 固定搭配型：多倾向考查动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词，典型句子结构的搭配3. 常用语法： 时态和语态、从句连词。4. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型二、完形填空题的特点：1、阅读文章短，设空多为了测试学生的语言知识综合能力，控制试题短文长度及挖空密度是必要的。一般来说，短文的长度在250-300个单词左右。平均每两空间隔12个左右单词。2、考查重语境，轻语法从近10年的高考完形填空试题来看，完全考查语法知识的题几乎没有。百分之九十五的题都是四个选项的语法功能和结构相同，只有通过文章情节既语境才能做出正确作答。3、考查实词多，虚词少实词是指那些能够独立承当句子成分的词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等；虚词则是指连词、介词、冠词等完形填空的选项设计百分之八十左右为实词。三、快速定位技巧：1、快读全文，整体理解全文大意在不看选项的情况下，快速阅读整篇文章，了解全文大意。考生要认真理解重点句子的意思，了解文章背景，理清文章内容线索。在快速阅读过程中，不要急于动笔选答案，要一口气读到底。遇到不懂的地方跳过去，继续往下读，以求纵观上下文，获得对文章内容的整体理解，从而确定解题的基本思路，切忌看一空选一题。2、细读短文，选择答案，上下文联系，通篇考虑在通读全文，了解短文大意的基础上，联系上下文，运用逻辑思维进行比较、判断，选出既符合词义、句义，又上下文连贯，合乎情理的准确答案。往往有这种情况，一处空白，从单句来说，四个选项都符合该句的句型结构和语法要求，这就要求考生联系上下文，按着文章线索，找出文章中与选项有关的信息词，选出符合上下文语境需要的最佳选项。上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系是做好完形填空的关键。3、避开疑点，先易后难在做题时，应从易到难，先选出确定的、直接的、明确的答案。如遇到少数确实不会的题，切忌徘徊不前，这会严重影响大体速度。可以先跳过去继续往下做，很可能从下文中找到此题的有关暗示或信息。4、从句子分析和语篇分析两方面着手。对句子分析可解决大部分问题，主要是从固定搭配、词语辨析、语法要求等角度分析，这要求学生应有扎实的语法和词汇基础及良好的语感。语篇分析是对于和整个语篇或上下文相关的问题而言。从局部或句子的角度看多个答案都可选，但是从全文角度看却只能选一个。这种题就要求在整体把握的基础上对句子内部成份进行分析。一般地说，解答完形填空题因遵循以下四个步骤：(1)快速通读全文，抓主旨脉络，特别注意首尾句。文章都有中心议题和中心内容。快速通读全文，才能全局在胸，理清思路；抓住主线，才能使思维朝着正确的方向发展。在阅读中要特别注意提示句，尽量记忆关键词、句，力求把文章内容串联起来并在脑海中形成一个完整的图像。(2) 弄清主旨脉络以后，要逐句精读、逐句分析，用平时积累的英语语法和语言知识，根据文中语义、惯用搭配、文中前后逻辑以及常识进行客观推测，务必克服平时的思维定式。在选择答案的过程中，要先易后难；对少数难题，可暂定答案，在复读全文后再加以分析推敲。(3) 瞻前顾后，寻觅启示信息。启示信息有以下几个方面：首句提供的信息；通读全文获得的信息；已经补充完整句子提供的信息；后问提供的信息；平时积累的常识和背景知识提供的信息。对上述信息，要全面考虑，寻找启示，做出选择。(4)复读全文，力求从旁观者的角度清醒地重新审视文章，从整体角度核校答案，进一步加深对文章的理解。要根据文章的中心思想与各段落之间、前后句之间的内在逻辑关系，检查文章的整体性；也可以从语法、词义、惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和修改答案。5、有些题不要钻牛角尖，用正常的思维去考虑，不要把问题搞得太复杂。6、选项填完后，一定要再读全文。从整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否和谐一致、前后照应，上下文衔接。四、看完形填空篇章特点解题：1、运用语篇知识解题1）利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息2）分析认识文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间的逻辑关系并列关系： and, or转折关系： but, however, nevertheless, whereas, while让步关系： although, though, despite, in spite of因果关系： due to, owing to, thanks to, because of because, since, as, for so, therefore, thus, as a result条件关系： if, whether unless = if . not, provided that, providing that suppose that, supposing that解释关系： for example, for instance, in other words, that is to say顺序关系： before, after, first, second, then, next, finally3）利用上下文寻找解题信息4）排除法 5）代入法 6）固定搭配7）生活常识解题法综述上述方法，以两条主线做完形填空文章主题主题句段落主题主线词汇一致一致关系 语法一致上下文逻辑关系一致五、做完形填空六大妙招 一、首句判断法根据历年高考英语的考题情况来看，完形填空的短文一般不给标题，且首句往往不设空，即首句是一个完整的句子。所以同学们在做题时，若能认真读懂这个句子，多少可以根据它判断出文章的大意或主题，这样会大大地有助于后面的填空，尤其是一些语境性较强的空格，往往需要结合文章的主题来判断。下面请看一篇完形填空题的首句：I did very badly at school. (2005年安徽卷)这个首句虽然很短，但根据此句我们可以对本文的主题作出以下推测：可能是具体介绍“我”在学校的表现是如何的 badly；也可能是讲“我”在读书时的表现虽然 badly，但“我”后来还是取得了成功。到底哪种可能性更大呢？就常识来判断，后一种写法的可能性较大，因为前一种写法的导向性显然不如后一种写法的导向性好，而高考文章的选材往往是很注意对考生进行思想教育和前途理想教育的。而读完全文我们便会发现，文章正是按照第二种思路来写的，并且作者还通过自己的亲身经历告诉大家，即使我们在处境很糟时，也不要气馁，应该保持良好的心态，积极进取，同时作者也指出我们应该多给那些不是很出色的人一些鼓励。二、语境推测法近几年高考英语完形填空题的最大特点是重点考查语境。所谓语境，就是指文章的上下文，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。所以考生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章内容，区分文章的结构层次和文章的内在逻辑关系，同时认真比较所给选项，并从中选最符合语境的答案。如： I would go to the pile of letters marked with “Funny” if we needed a chat, or to the “Disabled” box to find advice from people in wheelchairs or _ in bed living happily and successfully. (江苏卷)A. much B. never C. even D. seldom They look so _. (全国卷)A. nervous B. afraid C. excited D. angry【解析】单独看这一句，四个选项中的任何一项填入空格均可以不仅合乎语法，而且句意也通顺。但是，从上下文来看，文章的语境是这样的：某电影拍摄组的人乘汽艇在河上拍电影，其中有个情节是要拍一个落水者在水中挣扎的场景，而当时路过此处的罗伯特由于不知情，以为是真有人落水，于是迅速跳入河里救人，结果破坏了电影的拍摄进程。根据这样的语境，电影拍摄组的人看起来会怎样呢? 那当然是 angry。语篇标志是指能表明各个句群或段落之间的内在联系的词语。如表示结构层次的语篇标志有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示逻辑关系的词语有therefore, so, thus, but, however等；表示递进关系的词语有even, besides, whats more等；表示时间关系的词语有before, after, so far等；表示选择关系的or, whetheror等。根据这些语篇标志，我们就可以迅速弄清上下文的关系，理清文章的脉络层次，从而作出正确的选择。如： First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching_, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talkFinally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. (全国卷)A. LaterB. SecondlyC. HoweverD. Therefore三、习语搭配法英语中，一些固定的句型和短语结构既是学习的难点，也是完形填空的常考考点。同学们做题时应注意所填空之词与空格前后词语的习惯搭配。如： I started surfing about five years ago and _ in love with the sport on the very first day. (北京春季卷)A. stayed B. came C. droppedD. fell As it turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and Id like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad _ me. (山东卷)A. controlled B. comfortedC. remindedD. raised四、结构对比法在做完形填空题时，有时会遇到两个结构十分相似的句子，此时同学们应认真比较其结构特点，或根据其相似性推断空格处所填之词，或根据文章的上下文语境判断两个(或几个)相似结构之间的逻辑关系。如： I realized strength and courage arent always measured in medals and victories, but in the struggles we overcome(战胜). The strongest people are not always the people who win, _ the people who dont give up when they lose. (天津卷)A. or B. norC. and D. but The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the _ than from the below. (辽宁卷)A. clouds B. skyC. airD. above五、重复暗示法有的空格根据所在句的句意或附近上下文的语境我们无法作出正确的选择，要想作出正确判断，同学们应特别注意空格前后所出现的相关词语，尤其注意找出其中重复出现的暗示性词语。如： Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the _ have made up their minds to ring the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest (抗议) against heavy trucks which run day and night through the narrow High Street. (全国卷)A. collegeB. village C. town D. church But then again, would there be a chair in Room 316? Or would it be a(n) _ room?A. smallB. empty C. newD. neat尽管近几年的高考英语完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，很少考查纯语法知识，但是借助一定的语法分析来帮助理解句子、推测语境、判断搭配等，这却是必不可少的。所以，考生在遇到复杂的句子结构时，应充分利用所学语法知识进行分析，以帮助理解。如： She lives in the same _ she lived 27 years agoalthough in a more comfortable home. (四川卷)A. lifeB. city C. houseD. way六、先易后难法由于完形填空题是在一篇短文中挖去一些词，且绝大多数是一些实词，所以文章读起来肯定有一些难度。考生在做题时，千万不能不分难易地把所有试题一次搞定，而应尝试使用先易后难的方法。即顺着文章思路，根据自己对文章的理解，一边读一边把容易做的、有把握的先做好，对于一时没有把握的难题，可以暂时跳过去或初拟一个答案，说不定后面会有对这道题的提示。把容易的做好后，文章空格也随之减少，整篇文章的意思也就会变得更清晰，这时难题也许就会变为易题了。 例题分析Last Sunday I saw the worst storm in years. At first, the sky grew 1 all of a sudden.Within minutes, forks of lightening forced a way in the sky. Then it was 2 by the boom-boom-boom of 3 .A very strong wind blew into my room. My valuable notes 4 high into the air. I jumped up to 5 them but unluckily a few sheets 6 out of the open window. As I ran out to get the notes, big drops of rain begin to 7 .As soon as I ran into the house, the 8 begin to pour in waves. I 9 to close the windows. I did it but was wet all over. Then I heard a sudden loud 10 from the back of the house. A tree was broken.1. A. bright B. grey C. blue D. dark2. A. followed B. caused C. made D. brought3. A. rain B thunder C. wind D. storm4. A. threw B. jumped C. flew D. rose5. A. take B. catch C.draw D. stop6. A. moved B. came C. ran D. sailed7. A. fall B. rain C. drop D. burst8. A. storm B. water C. wind D. rain9. A. walked B. fought C. went D. got10. A. explosion B. scream C. voice D. sound第三步 猜测难点、整体复查。 此篇文章中较难选的题有6 和9题 ，在第二步不能确定答案的情况下，可以在第三步完成。考点总结1. 此篇文章基本属于同义、近义词辨析型。以名词和动词较多。2 上下文中有很多信息词和提示，所以也属于根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型3. 做题中要结合生活常识。2011年全国各地高考完形填空真题1.（2011陕西卷）完形填空In a land far away, once upon a time there was great poverty（贫困）,and only the rich could manage without great _26_. Three of those rich men and their servants were_27_together on a road when they came to a very_28_village.The first could not stand seeing the poverty, _29 he took all the gold and jewels from his wagons (四轮载重马车) and shared _30 out among the villagers. He wished them all the best of luck, and he left.The second rich man ,seeing the _31 situation, stopped for a short time and gave _32 all his food and drink, since he _33 see that money would be of little _34 to them. He made sure that they each _35 their fair share and would have enough food to _36 for some time . Then, he left.The third rich man, on seeing such poverty, _37 and went straight through the _38 without stopping. The two other rich men saw this from a distance and commented with each other_39 the third rich man lacked sympathy. It was _40 that they themselves had been there to offer help.However, three days later, they 41 the third rich man ,who was coming in the opposite direction . He was 42 travelling quickly, but his wagons, 43 the gold and valuables they had been 44 ,were now full of farming tools and bags of 45 .He was rushing back to help them out of poverty.26. A. loss B. expectations C. success D. problems 27. A. standing B. travelling C. gathering D. running 28. A. faraway B. poor C. different D. ancient 29. A. unless B. because C. so D. if 30. A. them B. anything C. nothing D. those 31. A. curious B. worrying C. dangerous D. puzzling 32. A. the villagers B. his servants C. the others D. the rest 33. A. could B. might C. should D. must 34. A. interest B. concern C. use D. attraction 35. A. returned B. gained C. offered D. received 36.A.remain B. last C. supply D. share 37.A.turned back B. set out C. showed off D. speeded 38.A.village B. land C. field D. road 39.A.whether B. how C. where D. when 40.A.good B. certain C. true D. strange 41.A.welcomed B. met C. accepted D. persuaded 42.A.still B. already C. always D. indeed 43. A. except B. instead of C. apart from D. along with 44.A. loading B. treasuring C. carrying D. earning 45.A. food B. jewels C. money D. seeds 2.（2011全国II）完形填空There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the _21_home from work in the evenings. A man will be_22_the newspaper, and seconds later it _23_ as if he is trying to _24_it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger_25_ next to him._26_ place where unplanned short sleep _27_ is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring（打鼾）so _28_that the professor has to ask another student to_29_ the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing（尴尬）situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the _30_ of the head pushes the arm off the_31_, and the movement carries the_32_ of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no_33_ of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when _34_ . Police reports are full of _35_ that occur when people fall into sleep and go_36_ the road. If the drivers are _37_ , they are not seriously hurt. One womans car, _38_ , went into the river. She woke up in four feet of _39_ and thought it was raining. When people are really _40_，nothing will stop them from falling asleep - no matter where they are.21.A. way B. track C. path D. road22.A. buying B. folding C. delivering D. reading23.A. acts B. shows C. appears D. sounds24.A. open B. eat C. find D. finish25.A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting26.A. Next B. Every C. Another D. One27.A. goes on B. ends up C. lasts D. returns28.A. bravely B. happily C. loudly D. carelessly29.A. leave B. shake C. keep D. watch30.A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength31.A. cushion B. desk C. shoulder D. book32.A. action B. position C. rest D. side33.A. memory B. reason C. question D. purpose34.A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving35.A. changes B. events C. ideas D. accidents36.A. up B. off C. along D. down37.A. lucky B. awake C. calm D. strong38.A. in time B. at first C. as usual D. for example39.A. dust B. water C. grass D. bush40.A. tired B. drunk C. lonely D. lazy3.（2011辽宁卷）完形填空This year I decided to do something to regain my good name as a kindly uncle. My _36_. Tony, had never forgiven me for the dictionary I had bought him as a birthday present last year. His 37 had no reason to be thankful to me either, because the year before, I had 38 their dear son with a pot of paste（浆糊）and some funny pictures. Instead of 39 them into a book, Tony had naturally covered every wall in the house with them. This year, 40 , I decided to let him 41 for himself.We went into a big shop, but Tony was very particular about 42 . Although I tried to show him toy after toy, he was not to be 43 . Then I saw he suddenly became 44 ; he had discovered something he really liked; a large tin drum. I was quite happy too 45 I thought what Tonys mother would say when she saw it, Nobody would get any 46 for weeks! I led Tony away 47 , saying that the drum was too expensive.Tony asked for permission to go off 48 and I made the most of my chance to sit down and 49 my aching feet. Fifteen minutes passed but there was still no sign of Tony. I began to get 50 and got up to look for him. I asked a young lady if she had seen a little boy in a grey suit. She looked 51 her helplessly and pointed out that there were so many 52 in grey suits. I was just going to call the police for help, when I saw a strange 53 dressed in strange orange clothes. He was wearing a false beard and had a cavemans axe（斧子）in one hand, and a space gun in the other. It was, of course, Tony, who informed me 54 that he was the first 55 to fly into space.36Acousin Bdaughter Cgrandson Dnephew37Afriends Bparents Cclassmates Dbrothers38Apresented Bannoyed Cconfused Doccupied39Aentering Bdividing CstickingDdrawing40Aanyhow Bthough Cagain Dtherefore41AguessBchoose Cpay Dsee42Asweets Btoys Cclothes Dbooks43Apleased Bdisturbed Caccepted Ddisappointed44AsurprisedBhopeful Cpatient Dexcited45Aafter Buntil Cunless Dsince46Ashock Btrouble Cpeace Dtime47Ahappily Beagerly Ccautiously Dquickly48Aon his own Bin his way Cnow and then Dmore or less49AdragBrestClayDstep50AashamedBangry CworriedDdoubtful51AaboutBtoCatDacross52Ayoung ladiesBnew customersCloving parentsDsmall boys53AfigureBactor Cman Ddoll54Aon time Bat once Cjust now Donce again55Apoliceman Bspaceman Ccaveman Dpostman4.（2011湖北卷）完形填空The young woman entered the pool where an injured dolphin(海豚) was swimming. Despite her fear, she felt strong wearing her new leg. In her second grade. Maja 31 her cousin, Jasmina. After Jasminas death. Maja swore she would honor the little girl by 32 with a dolphin, an animal that both girls 33 . “Jasmina never got the chance to do it,” says Maja, now 32, “so I 34 that someday Id do it for her.” In high school, Maja was 35 about sports. she even planned to become an athlete. 36 ,in 1993, during the civil war in her home country, a bomb 37 her left leg. After tow years 38 in the U.S., Maja received her first artificial (人造的)leg. But 39 it didnt fit well, walking for Maja was painful 40 she managed to graduate from a local high school. Then after receiving a 41 from Saint Francis University, she got a job at an insurance firm and 42 started her own company. To relax. Maja 43 often watch the dolphins play at an aquarium (水族馆)near her home. A young dolphin. Winter, who had lost its tail, caught her 44 One day, Maja happened to see trainers 45 Winter with a high-tech tail. When they were done, Winter swam freely in the water. Maja was 46 . She managed to find the inventors of Winters tail. Within ten days, shehad a new leg which freed her the 47 that had troubled her for almost 16 years. Now, Maja was ready to keep her 48 .She went to the aquarium. Lowered herself into the pool and held out a hand to Winter,