大学英语四六级写作强化.ppt

微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 四六级写作内容篇 题材现实性 四六级写作的题材具有显著的现实性， 基本可以分为两大类： 1. 贴近大学生的学习工作及课余生 活的校园题材 2. 论及当前社会的现象、发展变化 及进步的热点话题。 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 1. Recreational Activities (2008. 6) 2. What Electives to Choose (2007. 12) 3. Welcome to Our Club (2007. 6) 4. Volunteers Needed (2006. 6) 5. Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourist? (2005. 12) 6. Teachers Day (2005. 6) 7. A Campaign Speech (2005. 1) 8. A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction (2004. 6) 9. A Letter in Reply to a Friend (2004. 1) 校园题材 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 关于此类题材的近五年的真题作文列举如下： 1. Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags (2008. 12) 2. Spring Festival Gala on CCTV (2006. 12) -3 How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent? （2010） 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该 -4 Online Shopping (2011.06) 四级作文命题透析 社会热点话题 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 健康:1身体健康-health: physical:-keep fit; wellbeing(emotional/physical/psychological) 2008.12/2008.06/2007.12/98.06/93.01/91/90 2人的心理健康：psychologically, mentally :independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable, selfish, isolated, conservative-2009.12( 绿色校园不仅指 绿色环境）/2007.12/2007.06参加社团缓解压 力 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 教育与娱乐： recreation, relax, entertainment; cultivate, foster, enlighten, give inspiration to ,motivate, expand ones horizon,促进学生身心发展 ：promote the students physical, intellectual and emotional development (well-rounded/ versatile) mould ones character; team spirit 2009.06(博物馆免费开放的目的）-2008.06（ 娱乐使人们受益）/2007.12(学生选课不同原因 )/2007.06( 参加社团的好处)/2006.12( 看春晚) 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 方便VS效率： 2008.12一次性塑料袋广泛使用/2002.06 计算机普及程度/2002.01食堂服务 /1994.01现代化交通工具发达 ./1991.01- 自行车在中国这样普及 2006.06学生自由选择教师方便学生,提 高办学的效率 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 节省和浪费：save time/ money/ space; economical, thrift; waste time/ money/ space; costly 2009.06博物馆作为教育资源/2008.12塑料袋 使用/2004.01报考专业理由(人才浪费) 2002.01-对食堂批评; 2000.01 上大学费用( taking a part-time job ease/alleviate family financial burden 1996.01双休日可能给大学生带来的问题 1998.01假冒伪劣商品对个人(浪费金钱) 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty, contamination, detrimental to , sustainable development; 2009.12/2009.06公共设施环境维护（图 片）/2008.12preserve environment/2007.06社团主要内容环保 组织”heal the world” 2005.12校园是否对游客开放/1990.06-城 市绿化 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 安全和危险：safe, danger, risk2009.06( 公共场所存在安全隐患)/2008.06/98.01 假冒伪劣产品安全隐患/97.06大学生了解 社会的必要性(社会的险恶,陷阱 trap)/96.01双休日带来的问题travel; 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 经验：working experience, social experience, enter the society; practical experience; associate theory with practice; （interpersonal skills) 2007.12开设选修课目的/2007.06社团 的好处: expand ones horizon; enlarge our knowledge;/2005.01具备胜任学生会主 席的条件/2001.01-取得面试成功的因素/ 97.06大学生了解社会的必要性 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 个人权利与自由: 2007.12学 生选课不同的原因 /2006.06允许学生选择老师( 学生权利student centered)/ 2004.01 报考专业理由 意志：Nothing Succeeds without a strong will （2011.12） 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 用词是否恰当，准确，形象，关键 词是否换用，切勿老用重复词； Good advisable/sensible/informative/useful/instr uctive; Goodbeneficial, advantageous, helpful; excellent, outstanding; Badundesirable/mindless/worthless; Badharmful, baneful, detrimental 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 Lots ofa host of , a vast number of(可数 名词），a great deal of , a vast amount of ( 不可数名词）-substantial; considerable; heaps of Importantcrucial, vital, significant, key;P4;indispensable/integral; 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 desire 替换want pour attention into 替换pay attention to bear in mind that 替换remember 促进/提高/增强/改善 give a boost to/enhance/motivate/ better/ promote 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 角色与功能 Play an important( active, major, central, crucial, essential, integral, prominent, vital) role Play a big part- Take a leading part- 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 允许与阻止 Makepossible电脑的使用促使人们在家 上班: The use of computers and other high- tech office equipment has made it possible for more people to work from home. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 Enable, encourage, entitle 谈中国的老年人如何受到社会的尊重适用 于个人/社会类话题 In China, respect for senior citizens is shown in the fact that they are entitled to many public services free of charge. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 Stop, keep, prevent, prohibit 太多的学业压力对学生的负面影响 Too much academic pressure deprives young students of the opportunity to take part in any extracurricular activities and prevent them from enjoying their school years. (hinder-obstructhedge) 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 Increasing (ly), growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名 词时用 increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly. sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 非常地 exceedingly/extremely/greatly/remarkably/s ignificantly/ utterly) 在当代 In contemporary society, in present-day society, in this day and age; for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 破坏 Destroy; impair; undermine; jeopardize; devastate; 支持观点（be for/convince/insist/voice a support for/vote for) (win) 反对观点( argue against/ combat/ disagree with/disregard/oppose) (go astrayflourish rivalthriveadministration) 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 Transformchange(应用: 科技改变我们的生 产和生活方式, 环境变化); Preserveprotect-保护某种资源，natural resources or old buildings-demolishtear down 。 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle( economic crisis, deteriorated environment, shortages of water, unemployment, traffic jams.)_; 培养：Develop, cultivate, foster, culture( educationcultivate the spirit of independence 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 认为：maintain, assert, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, 消除 ：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, Alleviateease; 减轻,缓解( 就业压力,新能源 缓解资源紧张;经济增长方式转变缓解发展 压力-A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem.) Worsendeteriorate; aggravate( 环境恶化) 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that 适应的形势/变化： adapt/adjust/accommodate(使适应) oneself to new environment/ change; 接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 影响与冲击 Profound/ Significant Damaging Devastating Destructive disastrous Influence Impact Effect affect 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 When asked about the function of media, many people agree to the first view. 此外，表示“多”的词还有：vast, quite a few, an army of, an ocean of , a sea of , a great number of Cheating in exam happens in our daily life. Dishonesty occurred more and more in our society. the overwhelming majority of has become a common occurrence 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 Obviously, the picture shows that a culture of one nation may become international, which is beneficial to all the human beings. show: indicate, reveal, suggest, prove As the number shows, nearly 200 billion dollars are lost in tobacco every year. number: figure, statistics 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 用词的生动性 is 首先前者的问题在于be动词是静态的，没有活力 的，there be 也是如此。 make make sb. do sth-英语的词化程度较高，存在大量 词语，一个单词的存在使得很多词语不再被需要 dismay 使震惊，convince 使信服. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 避免be形式表达，尽 可能选择表示强有力的 行为动词，写出生动， 简洁，有力，耐读和连 贯的文章。 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 There is a beautiful park near my house. The name of the park is Tian-Tan Park, which was built several hundred years ago. It is the biggest park in Beijing. The Tian-Tan park is famous not only for its beauty but its quietness as well. Near my house stands Tian-Tan, the biggest park in Beijing, built several hundred years ago and famous now for not only its beauty but also its quietness. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 Ecological imbalances is the biggest threat to the survival of wild animals and plants. Ecological imbalances threaten the survival of wild animals and plants, even human beings. The Internet makes me learn English more conveniently. The Internet facilitated my English study 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 His criminal record made him unable to be admitted to the university. His criminal record disqualified him from being admitted to the university. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 避免一味用 There is 开头。 There are more and more people who realize the relation between examination and teaching methods. The relation between the examination and teaching methods is increasingly recognized. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 避免一味用People, I, We 开头 We will always remember the smile on her face. The smile on her face will be firmly rooted in our minds. We certainly should offer good service. Good service is certainly required. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 It-句型的广泛使用 It must be pointed out that.必须指出 It must be admitted that.必须承认 It is imagined that.人们认为 It can not be denied that.不可否认 It will be seen from this that.由此可知 It should be realized that.必须认识到 It is (always) stressed that.人们(总是)强调 It may be said without fear of exaggeration that.可 以毫不夸张地说 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 变换句式优化文章 Lecture 1 Lecture 1 长句和短句变换长句和短句变换 Lecture 2 Lecture 2 主动句和被动句变换主动句和被动句变换 Lecture 3 Lecture 3 非谓语从句变换非谓语从句变换 Lecture 4 Lecture 4 比较句变换比较句变换 Lecture 5 Lecture 5 松散到紧凑变换松散到紧凑变换 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 变换句式优化文章 短句变长句 受汉语思维习惯影响，很多考生往往会直接将脑子里的意思译成英语，而忽 略句与句之间的联系，导致写出来的句子无法体现英语作为“形合语言”的特点 。因此，在平时写作时，考生要注意前后句子之间是否存在联系，善于发现 各个简单句之间的关联，用恰当的连接词将简单句连接起来，组成准确地道 的复杂长句，增加文章的气势。 【例1】 【原文】 Lies do harm to those who are being told lies. Lies also do harm to those who tell them. 【优化】 Lies not only do harm to those who are being told lies, but also do harm to those who tell them. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 【例2】 【例3】 【原文】 Usually, a fact is defined as a truth. The truth can be tested by observation or experimentation. 【优化】 Usually, a fact is defined as a truth, something that can be tested by observation or experimentation. 【原文】 Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty. 【优化】 Pressured by school work and encouraged by their peers, teenagers often resort to smoking, though they feel a little guilty sometimes. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 【例4】 【原文】 When I turned right on the corner, a motorbike knocked into a small car. The motorbike was red. There were two persons on the motorbike. The car was yellow. The motorbike fell down. The two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured. The driver came out of the car at once, and asked about the two persons injuries. As soon as I saw that, I made a telephone call to 110. The traffic police arrived in a short time. 【优化】 When I turned right on the corner, a red motorbike with two persons knocked into a small yellow car. Immediately, the motorbike fell down, and the two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured. At that time, the car driver came out of the car, and asked about the two persons injuries. Seeing this, I dialed the 110. In a short time, the traffic police arrived. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 2. 长句变短句 长句固然能表达出复杂而缜密的思想，但如果片面追求复杂句子，反 而会显得华而不实，成为表达的累赘。写作中句子的长短应根据表达 的需要而定。短句不仅指句子长度较短，也指句子内部结构精炼，简 洁是写作的一个重要原则，用词累赘则是写作的大忌。 【例例1 1】 【原文】His father, who is a salesman, became a millionaire overnight. 【优化】His father, a salesman, became a millionaire overnight. 【例例2 2】 【原文】Perhaps they basically distrusted our capacity to judge correctly. 【优化】They distrusted our judgment. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 一、将下面的长句和短句进行优化改写，使其更符合表达要求。 【原句】 【优化】 The captain, a tall, thin man with a big mustache, was pacing the bridge with a look of importance. The grading system at our college should be abolished, because neither the students nor the instructors like it. 1. The captain was a tall, thin man with a big mustache. He was pacing the bridge with a look of importance. 2. The grading system at our college should be abolished. The students dont like getting grades. The instructors dont enjoy giving grades. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 【原文】【优化】 The seriousness of the problem on the reserves of raw materials shows that it is important to set up a plan to conserve and divide up fairly natural resources on a worldwide scale. Those who dont like having roommates argue that several people living together causes some unpleasantness because every person has his or her own way. 5. Natural resources are very limited. They will be exhausted in the near future. It is not true. But it becomes a major concern around the world. This is a widely accepted fact. 4. Some students dont like having roommates. They think every person has his or her own way. And several people living together causes some unpleasantness. 3. The problem of the reserve of raw materials is becoming more serious. It shows it is important to begin a plan. We should conserve and divide up the natural resources on a worldwide scale. It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future, though it is unlikely to be true. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 二、请按照所给提示对下面的作文进行句式优化 【原文】【优化】 With the deepening of reform and opening up of our country, studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option. People who choose to further their studies abroad insist that if they go to study overseas they can get many benefits in different ways. First, when they live in a foreign country, they can improve their foreign language skills. Second, if they complete part or all of their education overseas, they can gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study. Third, they can experience a different culture first-hand. 【提示】将中的宾语从句改为简单句， 将其中的条件状语从句改为主语。将中 的时间状语从句改为现在分词短语。将 中的条件状语从句改为主语，该句变为简 单句。 【优化】 With the deepening of reform and opening up of our country, studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option. People who choose to further their studies abroad insist that overseas study can benefit them in different ways. First, living in a foreign country, they can improve their foreign languages skills. Second, completing part or all of their education overseas helps them gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study. Third, they can experience a different culture first-hand. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 However, there are still many people who favor studying at home. They argue that, studying abroad is too expensive and therefore does not pay off and have no language and cultural barriers. 【提示】将改成两句，分别陈述两个理 由。 As for me, I believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense. If students who wish to have overseas academic experience have got the chances and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their vision, while if conditions dont permit them to go abroad, they can pursue their studies at top universities in our country. The place where they study is not very important for them, and instead, it is what they can learn that is the most important. 【提示】将改成两句，分别陈述两种不 同的情况。通过notbut将简化成一个 简单句。 【优化】 However, there are still many people who favor studying at home. They argue that, studying abroad is too expensive and therefore does not pay off. Whats more, there are no language and cultural barriers when studying in our country. 【优化】As for me, I believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense. If students who wish to have overseas academic experience have got the chances and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their vision. On the other hand, if conditions dont permit, they can pursue their studies at top universities in our country. What counts is not the place where they study, but what they can learn. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 主动句和被动句变换主动句和被动句变换 与汉语相比，英语更注重动作本身，而不是动作的执行者，因此在英 语中被动语态的使用相对多一些，但这并不表明要一味地追求被动语 态的使用。 1.主动变被动 1）不需要体现动作的执行者 【原文原文】 We should pay more attention to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country. 【优化优化】 More attention should be paid to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 2）需要强调动作的承受者 【原文原文】 The employees elected Mr. Li chairman of the committee last week. 【优化优化】 Mr. Li was elected chairman of the committee by the employees last week. 3）保持陈述对象的一致，以求行文通顺 【原文原文】 When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport, hundreds of reporters surrounded him immediately. 【优化优化】 When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport, he was immediately surrounded by hundreds of reporters. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 2. 被动变主动 1）需要体现动作的执行者 【原文】 If you are friendly to others, you will be held hospitable attitude towards by them and vice versa. 【优化】 If you are friendly to others, they will hold hospitable attitude towards you and vice versa. 2）保持陈述对象的一致，以求行文通顺 【原文】 One very important quality developed by many individuals during a first job is self- reliance. This quality was cultivated by me when I was allowed by my supervisor to set up and conduct my own survey project. 【优化】 During their first job, many individuals develop their very important quality of self- reliance. I cultivated this quality when my supervisor allowed me to set up and conduct my own survey project. 微信号：everyday46 , 获取更多英语好资料！ 微博：每日四六级英语 专项训练 一、要求：请将下面句子中语态使用不当的地方进行优化改写，使其更符合表达需要 。 【原文】 【优化】 1. We know that smoking is harmful to p