RIP动态路由协议原理与配置.ppt

第6章 RIP动态路由协议原理与配置 本章内容 RIPv1动态路由协议配置 1 RIPv2动态路由协议配置 2 3 RIP动态路由协议原理 6.1 RIP动态路由协议原理 6.1.1 RIP概述 协议标准：RFC 1508(v1) 及RFC 1723(v2) RIP采用贝尔曼福德（Bellman-Ford）算法 目前RIP有两个版本RIPv1和RIPv2。 RIP有以下一些主要特性： RIP属于典型的距离向量路由选择协议。 RIPv1是一种应用层协议，使用UDP 协议的 520端口，通过广播地址255.255.255.255发送 和接收路由信息。 6.1.1 RIP概述（续） RIP有以下一些主要特性(续)： RIP以到目的网络的最小跳数作为路由选择的度量 标准，而不是在链路的带宽和延迟的基础上进行选 择。 RIP是为小型网络设计的。它的最大跳数为15跳， 16跳为无穷远，只能应用在中小型网络中。 RIPv1是一种有类路由协议，不支持不连续子网设 计。 RIP周期进行路由更新，将路由表广播给邻居路由 器，广播周期为30秒。 RIP的管理距离为120。 6.1.1 RIP概述（续） RIPv2与RIPv1不同的特点： RIPv2（RFC 1723）是RIPv1的扩展版本。 在RIPv2的消息包中包含了子网掩码信息。 在RIPv2中，更新消息发送到多播地址224.0.0.9。 RIPv2可以关闭自动汇总特性。 6.1.1 RIP概述（续） 2RIP消息（数据包）头部格式分析 6.1.1 RIP概述（续） 2RIP消息（数据包）头部格式分析 图6-3 RIP请求（request）报文的解码结果 图6-4 RIP响应（response）报文的解码结果 6.1.2 RIP原理 1路由表维护 路由更新的发送 路由更新的接收 2路由自环问题 3解决路由自环问题计数到无穷 在这种方案中，RIP将路由表中任一路由条目 的代价值限制为15跳。同时，用代价值16表 明一个网络不可达。 但是，计数到无穷的提出限制了路由网络的规 模。 4解决路由自环问题水平分割 从某个接口收到的路由更新信息不再从该接口发出 5解决路由自环问题触发更新 RIP规定：当网络发生变化（新网络的加入、原有网 络的消失）时，路由器将立刻发送路由更新消息而 不用等待更新计时器到时。 触发更新只是在概率上降低了自环发生的可能性。 6解决路由自环问题路由毒杀和反转毒杀 路由毒化路由毒化 对于失效的网段，直接使用无穷大的度量（16跳 ）传播关于路由失效的坏消息。以加快无效路由 的收敛速度。 毒性逆转毒性逆转 当路由器学习到一条毒化路由（度量值为16）时 ，对这条路由忽略水平分割的规则，并通告毒化 的路由。 7解决路由自环问题抑制定时器 抑制计时器抑制计时器 在抑制时间内，失效的路由不接受任何更新信息 ，除非这条信息是从原始通告这条路由的路由器 来的 ； 时间一般是180s ； 减少了路由的浮动，增加了网络的稳定性。 8RIP中的计时器 更新（Update）周期时间30秒 失效（Invalid）计时器180秒 清空（Flushed）计时器240秒 抑制（Hold-down）计时器180秒 6.2 RIPv1动态路由协议配置 6.2.1 RIP基本配置 6.2.1 RIP基本配置 6.2.2 RIP基本诊断命令 1. Show 命令 2. Debug命令 图6-16 显示动态路由协议的配置参数 6.2.3 配置单播更新和被动接口 RIP被动接口：RIP路由器的某个端口仅仅学习RIP 路 由，并不进行RIP 路由通告 Router(config-router)#passive-interface default |interface-type interface-num RIP 报文单播更新 ：RIP 路由信息需要通过非广播 网络传输，或需要限制一个接口通告广播式的路由 更新报文 Router(config-router)# neighbor ip-address 6.2.4 负载分担配置 6.2.4 负载分担配置 6.2.5 RIP缺省路由 6.2.5 RIP缺省路由 6.2.5 RIP缺省路由 6.2.6 RIP配置实例 1.0.0.02.0.0.03.0.0.04.0.0.0 .1.1.2.2 路由器A路由器B路由器C .1.1 Lo 0F0/0F0/0F0/1F0/1Lo 0 RouterA(config)#routerRouterA(config)#router rip rip RouterA(config-router)#networkRouterA(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 1.0.0.0 RouterA(config-router)#networkRouterA(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0 2.0.0.0 RouterA(config-router)#endRouterA(config-router)#end 路由路由B B、C C配置类似配置类似 6.2.6 RIP配置实例 路由器A的初始路由更新内容 RouterARouterA# debug # debug ipip rip rip Jul 20 03:05:11 Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterARouterA %7: RIP Output timer expired to send %7: RIP Output timer expired to send reponsereponse Jul 20 03:05:11 Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterARouterA %7: RIP Prepare to send %7: RIP Prepare to send BROADCASTBROADCAST response. response. Jul 20 03:05:11 Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterARouterA %7: RIP Building update entries on %7: RIP Building update entries on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/0 0/0 Jul 20 03:05:11 Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterARouterA %7: network 1.0.0.0 metric 1 %7: network 1.0.0.0 metric 1 Jul 20 03:05:11 Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterARouterA %7: RIP Send packet to %7: RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 5202.255.255.255 Port 520 on on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/0 0/0 Jul 20 03:05:11 Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterARouterA %7: RIP Prepare to send %7: RIP Prepare to send BROADCASTBROADCAST response. response. Jul 20 03:05:11 Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterARouterA %7: RIP Building update entries on %7: RIP Building update entries on LoopbackLoopback 0 0 Jul 20 03:05:11 Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterARouterA %7: network 2.0.0.0 metric 1 %7: network 2.0.0.0 metric 1 Jul 20 03:05:11 Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterARouterA %7: RIP Send packet to %7: RIP Send packet to 1.255.255.255 Port 5201.255.255.255 Port 520 on on LoopbackLoopback 0 0 Jul 20 03:05:11 Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterARouterA %7: RIP Schedule response send timer %7: RIP Schedule response send timer 6.2.6 RIP配置实例 路由器A的路由表 RouterA#showRouterA#show ipip route route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGPCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGP O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, iaia - IS-IS inter area - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default * - candidate default Gateway of last resort is no setGateway of last resort is no set C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, LoopbackLoopback 0 0 C 1.0.0.1/32 is local host. C 1.0.0.1/32 is local host. C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/0 0/0 C 2.0.0.1/32 is local host. C 2.0.0.1/32 is local host. R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 2.0.0.2, 00:00:00, R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 2.0.0.2, 00:00:00, FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/0 0/0 R 4.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 2.0.0.2, 00:00:00, R 4.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 2.0.0.2, 00:00:00, FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/0 0/0 6.2.6 RIP配置实例 在水平分割作用下，路由器B的更新内容为： RouterBRouterB# debug # debug ipip rip rip Jul 20 03:39:13 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Output timer expired to send %7: RIP Output timer expired to send reponsereponse Jul 20 03:39:13 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response. %7: RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response. Jul 20 03:39:13 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Building update entries on %7: RIP Building update entries on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/0 0/0 Jul 20 03:39:13 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterBRouterB %7: network 3.0.0.0 metric 1 %7: network 3.0.0.0 metric 1 Jul 20 03:39:13 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterBRouterB %7: network 4.0.0.0 metric 2 %7: network 4.0.0.0 metric 2 Jul 20 03:39:13 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 520 on %7: RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/0 0/0 Jul 20 03:39:13 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response. %7: RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response. Jul 20 03:39:13 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Building update entries on %7: RIP Building update entries on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/1 0/1 Jul 20 03:39:13 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterBRouterB %7: network 1.0.0.0 metric 2 %7: network 1.0.0.0 metric 2 Jul 20 03:39:13 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterBRouterB %7: network 2.0.0.0 metric 1 %7: network 2.0.0.0 metric 1 Jul 20 03:39:13 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on %7: RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/1 0/1 Jul 20 03:39:13 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Schedule response send timer %7: RIP Schedule response send timer 6.2.6 RIP配置实例 在路由器B的两个接口上关闭水平分割 其更新内容为： RouterB(config)#interfaceRouterB(config)#interface fastEthernetfastEthernet 0/0 0/0 RouterB(config-if)#noRouterB(config-if)#no ipip split-horizon split-horizon RouterB(config-if)#exitRouterB(config-if)#exit RouterB(config)#interfaceRouterB(config)#interface fastEthernetfastEthernet 0/1 0/1 RouterB(config-if)#noRouterB(config-if)#no ipip split-horizon split-horizon RouterB(config-if)#endRouterB(config-if)#end 6.2.6 RIP配置实例 RouterB#debugRouterB#debug ipip rip rip Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Output timer expired to send %7: RIP Output timer expired to send reponsereponse Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response. %7: RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response. Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Building update entries on %7: RIP Building update entries on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/0 0/0 Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: %7: network 1.0.0.0 metric 2network 1.0.0.0 metric 2 Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: %7: network 2.0.0.0 metric 1network 2.0.0.0 metric 1 Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: network 3.0.0.0 metric 1 %7: network 3.0.0.0 metric 1 Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: network 4.0.0.0 metric 2 %7: network 4.0.0.0 metric 2 Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 520 on %7: RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/0 0/0 Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response. %7: RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response. Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Building update entries on %7: RIP Building update entries on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/1 0/1 Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: network 1.0.0.0 metric 2 %7: network 1.0.0.0 metric 2 Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: network 2.0.0.0 metric 1 %7: network 2.0.0.0 metric 1 Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: %7: network 3.0.0.0 metric 1network 3.0.0.0 metric 1 Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: %7: network 4.0.0.0 metric 2network 4.0.0.0 metric 2 Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on %7: RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/1 0/1 Jul 20 03:34:13 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Schedule response send timer %7: RIP Schedule response send timer 6.2.6 RIP配置实例 在路由器C上将loopback 0端口关闭，会触发 一个相应的毒化路由更新 Jul 20 03:55:11 Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterCRouterC %7: RIP %7: RIP InterfaceLoopbackInterfaceLoopback 0 is downing 0 is downing Jul 20 03:55:11 Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterCRouterC %7: RIP %7: RIP 4.0.0.0/8 RIP route disabling.4.0.0.0/8 RIP route disabling. Jul 20 03:55:11 Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterCRouterC %7: RIP Schedule output trigger timer %7: RIP Schedule output trigger timer Jul 20 03:55:11 Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterCRouterC %7: RIP 4.0.0.0/8 route timer schedule. %7: RIP 4.0.0.0/8 route timer schedule. Jul 20 03:55:11 Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterCRouterC %7: RIP %7: RIP InterfaceLoopbackInterfaceLoopback 0 is to be deleted 0 is to be deleted Jul 20 04:07:30 Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterCRouterC %7: RIP Building update entries on %7: RIP Building update entries on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/1 0/1 Jul 20 04:07:30 Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterCRouterC %7: RIP Skip route1.0.0.0/8 in trigger %7: RIP Skip route1.0.0.0/8 in trigger Jul 20 04:07:30 Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterCRouterC %7: RIP Skip route2.0.0.0/8 in trigger %7: RIP Skip route2.0.0.0/8 in trigger Jul 20 04:07:30 Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterCRouterC %7: RIP Skip route3.0.0.0/8 in trigger %7: RIP Skip route3.0.0.0/8 in trigger Jul 20 04:07:30 Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterCRouterC %7: %7: network 4.0.0.0 metric 16network 4.0.0.0 metric 16 Jul 20 04:07:30 Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterCRouterC %7: RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on %7: RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/1 0/1 6.2.6 RIP配置实例 路由器B收到毒化路由后的路由表 RouterB#showRouterB#show ipip route route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGPCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGP O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, iaia - IS-IS inter area - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default * - candidate default Gateway of last resort is no setGateway of last resort is no set R 1.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 2.0.0.1, 00:00:21, R 1.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 2.0.0.1, 00:00:21, FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/0 0/0 C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/0 0/0 C 2.0.0.2/32 is local host. C 2.0.0.2/32 is local host. C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/1 0/1 C 3.0.0.1/32 is local host. C 3.0.0.1/32 is local host. R 4.0.0.0/8 is R 4.0.0.0/8 is possibly downpossibly down, routing via 3.0.0.2, 00:00:33, , routing via 3.0.0.2, 00:00:33, FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/1 0/1 6.2.6 RIP配置实例 指定路由器B上使用的RIP版本为版本2 路由器B只接收和发送RIPv2的更新报文： RouterB(config)#routerRouterB(config)#router rip rip RouterB(config-router)#versionRouterB(config-router)#version 2 2 RouterB(config-router)#noRouterB(config-router)#no auto-summary auto-summary RouterB(config-router)#endRouterB(config-router)#end 6.2.6 RIP配置实例 RouterB#debugRouterB#debug ipip rip rip Jul 20 04:09:22 Jul 20 04:09:22 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP RIP %7: RIP RIP recveivedrecveived packet, sock=2125 packet, sock=2125 srcsrc= =3.0.0.2 3.0.0.2 lenlen=24=24 Jul 20 04:09:22 Jul 20 04:09:22 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP %7: RIP Received packet version mismatchReceived packet version mismatch Jul 20 04:09:34 Jul 20 04:09:34 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP RIP %7: RIP RIP recveivedrecveived packet, sock=2125 packet, sock=2125 srcsrc= =2.0.0.1 2.0.0.1 lenlen=24=24 Jul 20 04:09:34 Jul 20 04:09:34 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP %7: RIP Received packet version mismatchReceived packet version mismatch Jul 20 04:09:43 Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Prepare to send %7: RIP Prepare to send MULTICAST MULTICAST response. response. Jul 20 04:09:43 Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Building update entries on %7: RIP Building update entries on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/0 0/0 Jul 20 04:09:43 Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterBRouterB %7: 3.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 1 tag 0 %7: 3.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 1 tag 0 Jul 20 04:09:43 Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterBRouterB %7: 4.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 2 tag 0 %7: 4.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 2 tag 0 Jul 20 04:09:43 Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Send packet to %7: RIP Send packet to 224.0.0.9 Port 520224.0.0.9 Port 520 on on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/0 0/0 Jul 20 04:09:43 Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Prepare to send %7: RIP Prepare to send MULTICAST MULTICAST response.response. Jul 20 04:09:43 Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Building update entries on %7: RIP Building update entries on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/1 0/1 Jul 20 04:09:43 Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterBRouterB %7: 1.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 2 tag 0 %7: 1.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 2 tag 0 Jul 20 04:09:43 Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterBRouterB %7: 2.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 1 tag 0 %7: 2.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 1 tag 0 Jul 20 04:09:43 Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterBRouterB %7: RIP Send packet to %7: RIP Send packet to 224.0.0.9 Port 520224.0.0.9 Port 520 on on FastEthernetFastEthernet 0/1 0/1 6.2.6 RIP配置实例 配置RIPv2的路由器B的路由表 RouterB#showRouterB#show ipip route route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGPCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGP O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA extern