工程类专业毕业设计外文翻译--浅谈房屋建筑施工中的质量管理.doc

Building construction quality managementAbstract：adhere to the quality first, improve the management level, improve the quality of construction is the key, only to meet the required quality standards and user requirements under the premise of quality, time limit for a project, cost, to meet the requirements, to provide more high-quality, safe, economical and applicable building products. Based on this, the building construction quality management of.Key words: housing construction building construction quality management1 strengthen training, selection of construction personnel is laying the quality control personnel foundationEngineering quality were all participants in the project construction technology management, operating personnel coordination work results, so construction workers is to form the main factor of project quality. To control the engineering quality first is the training and selection of construction personnel, improving their comprehensive quality. We should improve their quality awareness, according to comprehensive quality regardless of idea construction personnel must establish five concepts: the concept of quality first, pre-control priority idea, talk with data concept and social benefit and enterprise benefit and comprehensive benefit idea. The second is the construction of the technical quality of personnel, management, construction personnel should have higher quality planning and management capacity, production personnel should have superb technical ability, be strict in ones demands of the style of work, strict implementation of quality standards and procedures of the legal concept, service personnel should do good technology and service life, can be with excellent service indirectly to ensure engineering quality.2 give full play to QC quality control functionAccording to the anti-seizure combination, prevention first principle is carried out actively tell, help, anti, card scientific examination method, and the construction personnel together, common to the owners of construction process, responsible, quality control personnel, users, the construction personnel to establish new relations of cooperation, quality inspection staff and the construction site operations personnel is consistent, it is to provide users with high quality, satisfaction of building products. But the construction production is busy, to snatch the project schedule is loosen quality management tendency occurs. This led to check the quality of the project is checked with contradictions between. To give full play to the initiative of the staff to check the quality of the project, it is necessary to establish the authority of the quality inspection personnel, it is very necessary and important.3 following a case analysis gradually quality management, engineering survey:The territory of Hechi a building for the underground layer, on the ground twenty-two, twenty-five buildings, covers an area of 2550.4 square meters, building a total height of 79.950 meters, construction area of 4008 square meters underground, on the ground 36855 square meters, balcony area is 1570.1 square meters; the main design reasonable service life is 50 years; building fire grade two, seismic fortification intensity is 7 degrees, frame aseismic grade two; the ground floor to the ground floor three layer 2-A axis 2-6 axis and 2-17 axis short limb shear wall seismic rating for a class, the rest of shear wall seismic grade two. The project uses the base form of prestressed high-strength concrete pipe pile, structure type for the cast-in-place reinforced concrete frame shear wall structure.4 construction managementOn the construction quality management, mainly involves three aspects, one is about the design, survey and document review management. On design, reconnaissance unit quality behavior and results of the activities of the supervision, the emphasis is placed on the design, survey and document review supervisory control. If the violation of the relevant laws, regulations and mandatory standards for the design and survey documents, can be through direct economic penalties and legal sanctions, enabling direct responsibility assumed by the error caused by negligence or intentional quality responsibility. Two of the activities of the bidding management, focuses on the construction bidding supervision, market supervision and quality supervision the effective integration, through the quality supervision to promote the market competition and standardization of the benign operation, effectively through market operation, to ensure the validity of quality supervision. Three is the text of the contract supervision, is the focus of construction contract supervision, quality management standardization and legalization to fulfil the terms of the contract, the legal effect of contract binding the construction quality and results. By analyzing the three aspects of examination and supervision, to achieve the governments construction quality of the implementation process control and supervision. Before the construction, in the final analysis is the emphasis of quality management for owners of quality behavior management, because the owner of all these activities of the organizers, decision makers, which is the standard construction owner quality behavior and results of the activities of the important measures.5 construction management5.1 Lraw materials quality controlMaterial quality engineering construction quality is the key, use of raw materials does not meet the requirements of engineering, engineering quality can not meet the requirements. Therefore, in the construction quality control of stop before construction on material quality control, to ensure the quality of materials, in order to improve construction quality. For the control of materials, first of all to the common material supply necessary audit, select qualified suppliers for the supply of materials. Secondly, to approach the necessary inspection of raw materials, including: quality inspection report of the inspection, the inspection of appearance, physical and chemical inspection inspection. Through a series of tests to ensure the quality of the raw materials entering.5.2 procedures and time limit controlTo implement the handover inspection system, on the procedures of unqualified shall enter into next working procedure construction. At the same time construction quality affected by seasons, the reasonable arrangement of construction schedule is to ensure the engineering quality are important measures, and blindly rush period will inevitably lead to serious consequences. Quality control step is to establish quality control, selected key and key technology to undertake the key is checked, the two is to strengthen the operation of the management, project quality is good or bad, depends to some extent on the construction of personnel operation level.5.3 increase on-site inspectionsQuality management in the construction site should strive to grasp first-hand information, and strive to achieve the timely control, for the occurrence of the problem must accomplish early discovery, early correction of bad old practices die hard, avoid, avoid large loss. For example, in the masonry tie bar examination, if taken after the completion of a masonry opening examination, is not easy to check, and to identify the problems are also difficult to remedy, but in the on-site inspection in a timely manner to solve, can avoid bigger loss, but also easy to get the cooperation.The entity quality inspection methods should adopt scientific monitoring instruments and equipment, to provide accurate, reliable and convincing data, strengthen the government engineering quality supervision and inspection of scientific and authoritative. Through the supervision, to ensure the implementation of mandatory standards, ensure the construction of law, regulations and standard carry out, from macroscopical overall grasp the construction project quality and structure safety. In addition, in strengthening program management at the same time, we must strengthen the technical control. Technology control method using standard evaluation method is better. Evaluation of standard methods are mainly as follows: one is the on site quality assurance condition examination and evaluation, two is the completion of the project the detection results of the examination and evaluation, three is on site quality assurance data examination and evaluation, four of engineering entity size deviation of the measured, five is for the completion of engineering the macro visual inspection evaluation.5.4 after the completion of the managementAfter the completion of the quality management of construction projects is put into use check management. First of all to ensure that do not meet the quality standards of the project can not be put into use, avoid inferior project to the state and public users cause direct harm and influence. The second is the decoration, repair and maintenance of quality supervision in construction project whole life quality management category : one is to eliminate or reduce due to renovation, maintenance process caused by irregularities on the construction engineering foundation, body structure and environmental quality, damage, cause quality accident. Two is prevented due to repair, maintenance quality is not up to the requirements to the state and public users production and living environment caused by direct damage. At this stage of the supervision should be emphasized good two close: it is strictly for its completion and acceptance review, supervision, to ensure that the registration of the reliability, authority and effectiveness. Two is to enhance the decoration, maintenance of quality management in the process, so that construction project whole life quality objectives are effective implementation, for users to create a safe, comfortable, healthy production, living environment, so that the construction quality and realizing the sustainable development. Advocating and implementing project quality insurance, the project quality management into economic management category, to solve engineering after the delivery of quality problem tenants to find the responsible party for any menace from the rear.This phase is the project by construction to use or production of mark; is on engineering quality inspection the necessary link; is the guarantee contract task is finished in the round, improve project quality level of final checks. The unit after the completion of the project, must undertake the final inspection and test. Unit engineering technical person in charge should be prepared for the demands of information collected materials, equipment, component quality certificate of materials, a variety of material test data, record of concealed work, construction records records. By the technical director of project organization project technology, quality, production and other relevant professional and technical personnel to the scene inspection and evaluation. To identify the construction quality defects should be corrected, and should be corrected once again after the verification to demonstrate conformity. To ensure engineering quality accord with mandatory standard design documents and the requirements of the contract, the employer, the Ministry of supervision of the project completion report. Attended by the construction unit of the organization of the main parties involved in the completion of initial inspection, acceptance procedure.endingProject, quality, the quality of housing construction related to peoples daily life and the safety of life and property. In recent years, the housing quality problems have already become the focus of public attention, annual 3.15 consumer rights day, China Consumers Association published by consumer complaints the largest of the ten major categories of commodities, the housing quality problems at the front. Therefore, construction management in many aspects, quality management is the key and core. Only do a good job in building engineering construction quality planning and housing construction quality control, to create more quality engineering.Reference.1 Building Engineering ( Construction Management ) J. Journal of Taizhou Polytechnic College.2 Wang Yan. Paying attention to construction management two pieces of skins phenomenon J . Management of construction enterprises.3 Lin Yihong, Li Yuanying. To improve construction quality several ponders J . Shanxi building, 2005, 31 ( 1): 127-128.4 Bu Narui, Wang Liwen, Li Wanqin. Discussion on construction management J. Journal of Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2002, ( 02).Hu Zhenghua 5. The era of knowledge economy the construction management J . Parathion design and powder engineering, 2005, ( 06). 6.Zheng Jingqiu.Infuluencing the contrcution qulity of Engineering five fsctorsJ .Shanxi building.2005,31( 1):135-136.浅谈房屋建筑施工中的质量管理摘要：坚持质量第一、提高管理水平,是提高建筑工程质量关键之所在,只有在符合规定的质量标准和用户要求的前提下,满足质量、工期、成本等要求,才能为社会提供更多的优质、安全、经济适用的建筑产品。本文基于此,对房屋建筑施工中的质量管理进行了相关探讨。关键词：房屋建筑 建筑施工 质量管理1 强化培训、优选施工人员是奠定质量控制的人才基础工程质量是所有参加工程项目施工的技术管理干部、操作人员协调工作的结果，所以施工人员是形成工程质量的主要因素。要控制工程质量首先是培训和优选施工人员，提高他们的综合素质。首先应提高他们的质量意识，按照全面质量不管的观念施工人员必须树立五大观念：质量第一的观念、预控为主的观念、用数据说话的观念以及社会效益与企业效益并重的综合效益观念。其次是施工人员的技术素质，管理干部、施工人员都应具有较高的进行质量规划和目标管理的能力，生产人员则应具有精湛的技术能力，一丝不苟的工作作风，严格执行质量标准和操作规程的法制观念，服务人员则应做好技术和生活服务，能以出色的服务间接地保证工程质量。2 充分发挥质检人员质量检查控制作用按照“防检结合，预防为主”的原则积极推行“讲、帮、防、卡”的科学检查方法，与施工人员一道，共同对业主，对下道施工工序负责，质检人员、用户、施工人员要建立新型的合作关系，质量检查人员和施工现场作业人员目标是一致的，都是为向用户提供高质量，满意的建筑产品。但施工生产较忙的时候，为抢工程进度就放松质量管理的倾向时有发生。这导致了工程质量检查与被检查之间产生矛盾。要充分发挥工程质量检查人员的积极性，就要树立质量检查人员的权威性，这是十分必要和重要的。3 以一案例逐步剖析质量管理，工程概况河池境内某大厦工程为地下一层、地上二十二、二十五层建筑,占地面积为2550.4平方米,建筑总高度为79.950米,建筑面积为地下4008平方米,地上36855平方米,阳台面积为1570.1平方米;设计主体合理使用年限为50年;建筑耐火等级二级,抗震设防烈度为7度,框架抗震等级二级;地下一层至地上三层2-A轴交2-6轴及2-17轴上的短肢剪力墙抗震等级为一级,其余剪力墙抗震等级为二级。该工程采用基础形式为预应力高强混凝土管桩,结构类型为现浇钢筋砼框架-剪力墙结构。4 施工前的管理对施工前的质量管理,主要涉及三个方面,一是对有关设计、勘察文件审查的管理。对设计、勘察单位的质量行为和活动结果的监督,重点是放在对设计、勘察文件的审查监督把关上。一旦发现其违犯有关法律、法规和强制性标准的设计和勘察文件,可以通过直接的经济处罚和法律制裁,使直接责任主体承担由其失误疏忽或有意所造成的质量责任。二是对招投标活动的管理,重点是施工招投标的监督,实现市场监督与质量监督的有效结合,通过质量监督审查促进市场竞争的规范化和良性运转,通过市场有效运作,保证质量监督的有效性。三是对合同文本的监督,重点是施工合同的监督,把质量管理的规范化和法制化落实到合同条款中,以合同的法律效力约束各建设主体的质量行为和活动结果。通过对这三方面的内容的审查监督,实现政府对建设工程质量实施过程的预控监督。施工前质量管理的重点归根到底是对业主质量行为的管理,因为业主是所有这些活动的组织者、决策者,这也是规范建设业主质量行为和活动结果的重要措施。5 施工中的管理 5.1 原材料质量控制材料质量是工程施工质量的关键,工程使用原材料不符合规定,工程质量不可能符合要求。因此,在工程施工质量控制中不许再施工前对材料进行质量控制,保证材料质量,以此提高工程施工质量。对于材料的控制,首先要对材料供应常见进行必要的审核,选择具有资质的供应厂家进行材料的供应。其次,要对进场原料进行必要的检验,包括:质量检验报告单的检查、外观的检查、理化检验的检查等等。通过一系列的检验来保证进场原料的质量。5.2 工序与工期控制要落实交接检制度,上道工序不合格不得进入下一道工序施工。同时建筑工程质量受季节影响,合理安排施工进度是保证工程质量的重要措施,而盲目抢工期必然造成严重后果。实现质量控制步骤一是设立质量控制点,选定关键环节和重点工艺进行重点