最新初中英语语法梳理和重点句型.doc

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最新初中英语语法梳理和重点句型 最新初中英语语法大全名 词表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、名词的分类注：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词the，但它不大写。3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且以四上也有了变化。eg. beer -a beer 一杯啤酒， work- a work 工厂，著作 ，glass-a glass 一个玻璃杯， room空间-a room一个房间二、名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 a或an；复数形式是在名词后加 -s或-es。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化第 1 页 共 74 页 2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母eg. man-men, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese, mouse-mice 单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:(1) 同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物- foods 各种食物，time 时间 - times 时代，green 绿色 -greens 青菜(2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope -hopes 希望 hardship - hardships 艰苦(3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, 三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+s；另一种是用of, 表示 的。1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾 +s。 eg. Mr. Motts robot, childrens clothes(2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾 + eg. teachers books(3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面+s。 eg. Lucy and Lilys room. (指两人共住一个房间)Mrs Greens and Mrs Browns son. (指两人各自的儿子)(4) 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略eg. the doctors (office) Mr. Whites2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。eg. the wall of the classroom，a picture of the bedroom，(2) 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man(4) 双重所有格 eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Toms(5) 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加s来构成所有格。eg. ten minutes walk, todays newspaper例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here.第 2 页 共 74 页 A. orange, orange B. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home .A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walkC. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+,而不能+s,因此选A。4. An old _ wants to see you.A. people B. person C. the people D. the person解析: person 与people 都有人 的意思, 但用法不同. 一个人用 a person,两个人 用 two persons; people 泛指 人们是集合名词,表示复数, the people 指 人民, a people 指 一个民族. 应选B。5. Help yourself to _.A. chickens and apples B. chickens and appleC. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _.A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers 解析: room number 房间号码. room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 . 类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等. 应选C。7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _.A. family B. house C. home D. room解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C.8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and PeterC. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters解析: 此句中 mothers是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month.A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts解析: 此句意为 李雷这个去她舅舅家多次. 表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词. 因此选B。10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching.A. many experiences B. much experienceC. an experience D. a lot experience解析: experience 作 经验 讲时是不可数名词, 作 经历讲时是可数名词. 本句中应理解为 经验,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago.A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。12. A group of _ are talking with two _.第 3 页 共 74 页 A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,FrenchmansC. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.13.The team _ having a meeting .A. is B. are C. am D. be解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。14. Would you like _? _, please.A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees解析: drink 和coffee是不可数名词, 可以用of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加a 时,则表示 一杯因此选C。15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men.A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millionsC. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions解析：earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of .因此选A。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案：1 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost.A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young.-OK, how happy they both looked!A. my father and mother B. my mother and fathersC. my mothers and fathers D.my fathers and my mother3. The new student is in _ , Grade Two.A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class4. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers5. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride.A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls?- _, please.A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffeC. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _.A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks8. Some _ are flying kites near the river.A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs9. After the exam, well have_ holiday.A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks10. They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus.第 4 页 共 74 页 A. visitor B. visitors C. visitors D. visitors11.- How many workers are there in your factory?- There are two _.A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of12. -What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?- It sounds really wonderful.A. subject B. music C. book D. animal13. There is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge.A. place B. room C. field D. ground14. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating itA. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk15. If you dont take more _, youll get fat.A. medicine B. lessons C. photos D. exercise16. My school is about twenty _ walk from here.A. minute B. minutes C. minutess D. minutes17. Mum, I have _ to tell you!A. a good news B. some good news C. some good newes D. much good news18. Which is the _ to the post office?A. street B. way C. road D. address19. I stayed at _ last Sunday.A. my uncles B. my uncles C. my uncles D. my uncles family20. Maths _ not easy to learn.A. are B. is C. am D. were1-5 CBCBB 6-10 CACCD 11-15 ABBCD 16-20 BBBCB 冠 词 冠词分为不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词 (the) 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、 不定冠词的用法1)用与可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类：例如：She is a girl.Pass me an apple , please.2)、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。例如：A boy is waiting for youWe work six days a week.3). 表示 一这个数量,但数的概念没有one 强烈.例如:We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.I have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears.4). 用于某些固定的词组中.例如:a few, a little, a lot of注: 用a 还是an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头.二、定冠词的用法第 5 页 共 74 页 1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如: the photo of the boy2) 指双方都知道的人或物.例如:-Where are the new books, Jim?- They are on the small table.3) 指上文提过的人或物.例如:Today he is making a machine.He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly