[初一英语]湖南仁爱初一英语Unit4HavingFun讲义.doc

北 京 四 中 撰稿老师：黄浩编审老师：蔡正礼责任编辑：丁华Unit 4 Having FunTopic 1 What can I do for you？一、语言知识点：（1）单词：madam, over, there, try, buy, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, hundred, just, pair, well, shop, need, salt, kilo, bottle, heavy, worry, fat, mouse, rabbit, ant, how much/many, do some shopping, how about（2）句子1I want some clothes for my daughter. 2Thanks a lot.3What can I do for you, madam?4Not at all. 5Can I try it on? 6How much is it?7Well take it.8Im just looking, thanks.9How do you like to pants?10They are too long.11Why not try on that pair? 12Are you kidding? Well, Ill think about it. Thanks all the same.13Could you help me do some shopping, Ben? 14We need three bags of salt and two kilos of eggs.15I think so.16Here it is.17Dont worry.二、单词辨析和语法讲解：1some和any的区别（1）some在英语中具有不同的词性，在不同语境中有不同的含义和用法。some作形容词，可修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常用于肯定句，而在疑问句和否定句中用any。如：There are some pens on the desk. 课桌上有些钢笔。I have some bread for breakfast. 我早餐吃了些面包。Do you have any pens? 你有钢笔吗？I dont have any milk for supper. 我晚饭没喝牛奶。（2）在有些疑问句中，如果说话者心中的肯定意识较强时，实际上在请求或劝导时，用some而不用any。如：May/ Could/ Can I have some? 我能吃些吗？What/ How about some.? 来一些怎么样？Why not do some? 为什么不做一些呢？Would/ Will/ Could you please do some? 你能做些吗？May I ask you some questions? 我能问你几个问题吗？（3）some作代词时，意为“一些（人），一些（事物）”。如：Would you like some? 你想来一些吗？注意：如果用some用主语，指代可数名词，视为复数；指代不可数名词，视为单数。如：Some are students and some arent. （some指代可数名词“人”）有些是学生，有些不是。Some is water and some is tea. （some指代不可数名词“饮品”）一些是水，一些是茶。any表示“任何一个”时可以用于肯定句中。如：He can help anyone. 他能帮助任何人。2可数名词和不可数名词（1）名词按其所表示事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。（2）可数名词与不可数名词的用法：可数名词不可数名词前面可用不定冠词a或an来修饰。如：a teacher, an egg前面不能用不定冠词a或an来修饰。如：water, rice表示数目时，可以在其前直接用具体的数词，前面还可用some, many或数词+表示量的名词+of结构来修饰。如：two students, two bags of apples前面不能直接加数名词修饰，但可以用some, much或数词+表示量的名词+of结构来修饰。如：some fish, much rice, a kilo of fish, a bowl of rice, two cups of milk作主语时，如果是单数名词，则谓语用单数；若是复数名词，则谓语用复数。如：An orange is orange.Oranges are orange.作主语时，谓语用单数。如：Some bread is on the table.桌子上有些面包。用how many询问数量的多少。如：How many pens do you have?用how much询问数量的多少。如：How much meat do you want?但是如果是量词+of+名词的结构。应该用how many提问。如：How many bags of salt do we need? 我们要多少袋盐？3基数词的用法twenty二十 thirty三十 hundred百（1）基数词20-90的十位数的整数词尾均有-ty。（2）21-99由十位数20-90加个位数1-9构成，中间须有连字符“-”。如：23：twenty-three31：thirty-one95：ninety-five（3）百位数由1-9加hundred构成，如包含十位数及个位数，中间用and连接。如：706：seven hundred and six125：a (one) hundred and twenty-five三、课文讲解1I want some clothes for my daughter. 我想给女儿买些衣服。want some clothes想买一些衣服，for介词，意为“为了”。如：We buy a new chair for our office. 我们给办公室买了一把新椅子。We have some eggs and milk for breakfast. 我们早餐吃了一些鸡蛋，喝了些牛奶。2Thanks a lot. 非常感谢。（1）同义句：Thank you very much. 回答：Thats all right. =Thats OK. =Youre welcome. =Not at all.（2）a lot意思为“很，非常”，同义词very much。如：I like him a lot. 我非常喜欢他。I feel a lot better now. 我身体现在好多了。链接：a lot of/ lots of“很多”的意思，修饰名词。一般用于肯定句，在否定句和疑问句中则用many/much。如：I have a lot of/ lots of/ many books. 我有很多书。Do many people like football in China? 在中国有许多人喜欢足球吗？3What can I do for you, madam? 女士，要买点什么吗？这句话字面意思是“我能为你做什么吗？”，在英语国家里，售货员通常向顾客说“ May/Can I help you? ”或“What can I do for you? ”而不说“What do you want? ”否则会显得没有礼貌。顾客如需购物可以回答“Yes, please. ”然后说出自己所需物品。如果仅想逛商店，可回答“Im just looking, thanks. ”或“No, thanks. Just have a look. ”如：Can I help you? /What can I do for you? 要买点什么吗？Id like to buy a new pair of shoes. 我想买双新鞋。May I help you? 你要点什么？Im just looking, thanks. 谢谢，我只随便看看。4Not at all. 不用谢，没关系。链接：not at all. 一点也不，常用于加强否定的含义。I dont want to go to school at all. 我根本不想上学。He doesnt like bread at all. 他一点也不喜欢面包。5Can I try it on? 我能试穿一下吗？try on意为“试穿”，这是动词和副词构成的词组，宾语是名词可以放在try与on之间，也可以放在on的后面，如果是代词必须放在try与on的中间。如：Please try on this new sweater.=Please try this new sweater on. 请试穿一下这件新毛衣。These are new shoes. Try them on, please. 这些是新鞋，请试试。拓展：try动词，尝试，试用，试验。如：Try to be here before 6:30. 尽量6:30之前到这儿。Try this new medicine. 试试这种新药。6How much is it? 多少钱？how much后面的动词是is还是are，由句子的主语的单数或复数来确定，much后面省略了money（钱）。如：How much is your coat? 你的大衣多少钱？How much are the apples? 苹果多少钱？拓展：询问商品的价格还可以用Whats the price（价格）of? 如：Whats the price of your coat? 你的大衣多少钱？7Well take it. 我们买下了。本句中的Well是We will的缩写形式，will是情态动词，之后要加动词原形表示将来，意为“会、将”。如：He well come back soon. 他很快就回来。I will do it now. 我马上就做。8Im just looking, thanks. 我只是看看，谢谢。just在句中的意思是“仅仅，只是”，其同义词是only。如：Hes just a boy. 他还只是个孩子。I am here just to see you. 我到这儿来就是为了见你。9How do you like to pants? 你认为这条裤子怎么样？How do you like+? 表示对某物的看法。同义句为What do you think of? 如：How do you like this pair of shoes? =What do you think of this pair of shoes? 你认为这双鞋怎么样？How do you like the new coat? =What do you think of the new coat? 你认为这件新大衣怎么样？What do you think of this green skirt? =How do you like this green skirt? 你认为这条绿色的裙子怎么样？10They are too long. 它们太长了。too是副词，意为“太”。如：They skirt is too small. 那条裙子太小了。另外，以前学过too作“也”讲。如：Maria is in Class 2. Im in Class 2, too.11Why not try on that pair? 为什么不试试那一条？句中that pair指另一条裤子。pair一对，一双。如：a pair of shoes一双鞋 two pairs of shoes两双鞋the pair of/this pair of/ that pair of + 名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，当pair是复数时，谓语动词用复数。但是如果pants/shoes作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：This pair of pants is in the shop. 这条裤子在商店里。These three pairs of pants are in the shop. 这三条裤子在商店里。Shoes are good. 鞋子很漂亮。12Are you kidding? Well, Ill think about it. Thanks all the same.你在开玩笑吧？好吧，我考虑一下。还是要谢谢您。（1）think about思考，考虑。如：I will think about this. 我要好好想想这件事。（2）Thanks all the same.与Thanks anyway. /Thanks anyhow. 同义。用于对方无法提供你所需要的帮助，或你不需要对方帮助时的答语。如：Could you help me? 你能帮我吗？Sorry, Im busy now. 对不起，我现在正忙。Well, thanks all the same. 好吧，还是要谢谢你。13Could you help me do some shopping, Ben? 本，你能帮我买些东西吗？（1）Could you? 表示一种委婉语气。（2）helpdo 帮助克服（困难），帮助摆脱（困难），帮助做某事。如：This box is too heavy. Could you help me carry（搬运）it, sir?这个箱子太重了。先生，帮帮忙好吗？（3）Could you? 的答语为：Sure. /Certainly. /Of course. /With pleasure. 或Im afraid not. /Im sorry I cant.14We need three bags of salt and two kilos of eggs. 我们需要三袋盐，两千克鸡蛋。（1）need“需要”在这里是实义动词，后可接名词或动词不定式（to+动词原形）。如：She needs our help. 她需要我们的帮助。The coat is too dear（贵）, and I need to think about it. 这件衣服太贵，我需要考虑一下。（2）three bags of 意为“三袋”，这是英语中“量”的表达法，一般分为三种：容器+of 如：Id like two bottles of water. 我想要两瓶水。单位名词+of 如：She wants 5 kilos of oranges. 她想要5公斤橘子。其他量词+of 如：Please give me a piece of bread. 请给我一片面包。I want a pair of shoes. 我想要一双鞋子。注意：若修饰的名词为不可数名词，表示数量时应放在量词上。如：a bag of salt一袋盐 three bags of salt三袋盐15I think so. 我认为是这样。so代词，意为“这样，如此”，用来代替前面提到的内容。如果答语是肯定的，就可以说I think so.如果答语是否定的，用I dont think so./ I think not. so还可以表示“所以”，“因此”的意思。如：My English is poor, so Kangkang helps me with it. 我英语差，因此康康帮我学英语。16Here it is. 在这儿。/给你。当把东西递给别人时，常用的句子是Here you are. /Here are或Here it is. 如：Here are your apples. 这是您买的苹果。Here is the money. 给你钱。I want some vegetables. 我想要一些蔬菜。Here you are. 给你。拓展：Here it is. 还可以用来表示某物找到了。如：I cant find my pen. 我找不到我的钢笔。Isnt it in your bag? 它不在你的包里吗？Ah, yes. Here it is. 啊，是的。它的确在这儿。17Dont worry. 别担心。（1）这是一个表示否定意义的祈使句，祈使句的否定形式通常是在谓语动词原形前加dont，表示劝告、命令对方不要做某事。如：Dont do it like that. 不要像那样做。Dont talk in class. 课堂上不要讲话。（2）worry作不及物动词，接宾语时与about连用。如：Do you worry about her lessons? 你担心她的功课吗？Dont worry about him. 别担心他。拓展：worry名词，烦恼，烦恼事。如：He has a lot of worries. 他现在有很多烦心事。worry的形容词为worried，意为“烦恼的，焦虑的”，常与about连用。如：They looked worried. 他们看起来忧心忡忡。I am worried about my mother. 我为我妈妈担心。四、练习、找出发音不同的单词1A. house B. head C. hour2A. welcome B. woman C. who3A. cake B. close C. nice4A. also B. so C. color5A. like B. bike C. English、词汇释义1m a woman who get married2l have a look3e every4s a thing that is salty5o not close、单项选择1. is the meat? Its 10yuan for one kilo.A. How much B. How many C. How long2. Where is your brother? He .A. is shopping B. shops C. will shop3. Stop talking! Please me.A. listen B. listen to C. hear4. My brother and I now.A. is doing B. are doing C. do5. Im my book, its lost.A. looking for B. looking at C. looking6. I buy the clothes, because its too expensive.A. dont need to B. neednt to C. need7. Could you please some water me?A. take, for B. get, for C. bring, of8. We need to buy some milk, were of it.A. out B. worn B. outside9. He needs salt, he also needs eggs.A. some, any B. some, a few C. a few, some10. Thank you very much! .A. Thats all rightB. All rightC. Thats right11. Three are eating the rice. A. mouse B. mouses C. mice12. We can buy two eggs ￥1.00.A. for B. with C. on13. How are the bags? Theyre 100 yuan.A. many B. much C. a few14. There are many foreigners in Harbin.（找出划线部分的同义词）A. much B. a few C. quite a few15. Its dirty! We need the classroom.A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleans16. We have many dresses sale in our clothing shop.A. for B. on C. in17. How to express“二斤大米” in English?A. Two kilo of rices.B. Two kilos of rices.C. Two kilos of rice.18. How to express“二箱苹果”in English?A. Two boxes of apples.B. Two box of apples.C. Two boxes of apple.19. How do I look this dress?A. on B. for C. in20. What you these days?A. are, doingB. do, doC. are, looking、完形填空Rich and Mary from America. Now they are in Tianjin. Every morning they get very early. they go to work by car. They start work at 8:30. They are very busy. They lunch at 12:30. After lunch they work . They finish their work at 5:30 p.m. In the evening they take lessons. They want Chinese. They want to talk with Chinese people. They often , “Chinese people are very friendly.”（ ）1. A. to come B. come C. comes（ ）2. A. work B. works C. working（ ）3. A. up B. at C. in（ ）4. A. That B. This C. Then（ ）5. A. his B. our C. their（ ）6. A. had B. has C. have（ ）7. A. also B. earlier C. again（ ）8. A. Japanese B. Chinese C. French（ ）9. A. to learn B. learn C. learns（ ）10. A. talk B. say C. speak、阅读理解One Sunday morning, Mr White and his child, Bill, are in a big shop. Mr White want to buy a new blouse for Mrs White. Bill likes oranges, so his father buys two kilos of oranges for him, too. Bill wants to buy some picture-books and color pencils, too. There are many people in the shop. They are men and women, old and young. They all want to buy something there.（ ）1. Mr White goes to the shop with .A. Mrs White B. his son C. his daughter（ ）2. Mr White wants to buy a new blouse for .A. Bills mother B. Bill C. his friend（ ）3. Bill likes .A. all the things B. orange C. oranges（ ）4. Bill wants to buy .A. some picture-booksB. some color pencilsC. Both A and B（ ）5. The shop is .A. full of people B. full of children C. empty参考答案、15 CCCCC 、1. madam 2. look 3. each 4. salt 5. open、15 AABBA 610 ABABA1115 CABCA 1620 BCACA、15 BCACC 610 CCBAB、15 BACCA北 京 四 中 撰稿老师：黄浩编审老师：蔡正礼责任编辑：丁华Unit 4 Having funTopic 2 Would you like to go for a picnic?一、语言知识点（1）单词：free, Sunday, up, go, picnic, call, forget, bring, guitar, tomorrow, kite, sing, song, fun, fly, afraid, time, carry, ask, back, evening, be free, go fishing, go shopping, callback, have a picnic（2）句子：1Hello!Hello, Jane! This is Kangkang.2Ill call her.3Whats up?4Are you free this Sunday?5Would you like to go fishing? 6Would you like to sing some songs with me? 7I have to cook.8Its fun.9Im afraid I have no time. 10May I speak to Maria? 11Oh, sorry. She isnt in now.12Im not happy. Id like to have a picnic with my friends.13Would you like to go fishing?二、单词辨析和语法讲解：1常用提建议句型（1）What/ How about+名词/代词/v-ing形式？如：How/ What about a cup of coffee? 来杯咖啡怎么样？I get up at six in the morning. What about you? 我早上六点起床。你呢？ What/ How about playing soccer with us? 和我们踢足球怎么样？（2）主语是第一人称I或we，可以用Shall I? 或Shall we? 意为“我们好吗？”一般疑问句表达建议并征求对方意见。注意：shall只用于第一人称。如：Shall we meet at the gate? 我们在大门口见面好吗？Shall I do this for you? 我为你做这事好吗？（3）Lets! 意为“咱们吧！”，这是以lets开关的祈使句。注意：lets后一定接动词原形。如：Lets go out for a picnic. 咱们去野餐吧。Lets do our homework, shall we? 咱们做作业，好吗？（4）Why not? =Why dont you? 为什么不？在我们以提问的方式表示建议或劝说对方干某事时，常用此句型，后接动词原形，表示提出含蓄的建议。如：Why not buy this coat? =Why dont you buy this coat? 为什么不买这件外套？Why not go swimming? =Why dont you go swimming? 为什么不去游泳？（5）还可以用Would you like? 来表示提出建议，意思是“你想要吗？”。would like后可接名词或不定式。如：Would you like a cup of tea? 你想要杯茶吗？Would you like to go and see her? 你想去见她吗？如果我们说“去散散步好吗？”英语有以下几种表达法：Shall we go for a walk?Lets go for a walk, shall we?What/ How about going for a walk?Why not go for a walk?Why dont you go for a walk?Would you like to go for a walk?对于上述这些疑问句，肯定回答一般可以说Yes, please./Ok./All right./Good idea./Yes, Id like./love to. Thats great. 等。否定回答用No, lets/Im sorry I cant.2英语中的电话用语（1）当询问对方是不是某人时，可以说：Is that？而不是说Are you? 如：Is that Jane? 你是简吗？（而不能说成Are you Jane?）（2）当你要问对方是谁时，而没有道出姓名，应说Whos this? 而不用Who are you? 如：Whos this? 你是谁？This is Liu Qing. 我是刘晴。注意：有时也可使用如下句型：Who is (that) speaking, please? 或Who is it?（3）当对方就是要找的人时，用This is而不用I am 如：Is that Maria? 你是玛丽亚吗？This is Maria. 我是玛丽亚。（4）当你要找某人时，可以说：May I speak to sb.? 如：May I speak to Kumiko? 我可以找久美子吗？This is Kumiko. 我就是久美子。（5）如果对方没有你要找的人，或认为你打错了电话，对方会说Im sorry, Im afraid you have the wrong number. 你可以道歉Im sorry to bother（打扰）you.（6）根据电话内容填写电话留言是本课学习的一个重要内容，在做这类题目时我们要注意几个方面：按电话留言卡的要求格式填写。注意from表示“从来的”，to表示“给”，不要写错了位置。 时间、地点不要忘。对于重要内容，要写得简洁明了，但也不要漏掉了要传达的信息。通过以上介绍，你一定学会了打电话的一些常用语。没事的时候，不妨打个电话彼此问候一下。3tell用法tell sb. about sth./ sb. 告诉某人某事/关于某人的情况。如：Please tell me about your family. 请告诉我你的家庭情况。I tell him about the little boy. 我告诉他关于那个小男孩的事。链接：（1）tell sb. sth. or tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事/把某事告诉给某人。如：Tell me your name and address. 告诉我你的名字和住址。（2）tell/ask sb. to do sth. 要（叫）某人做某事。如：The teacher tells us to get to school on time. 老师要我们准时到达学校。（3）tell/ ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要做某事。如：My father asks me not to play computer games. 我父亲叫我不要玩电脑游戏。拓展：tell常与can, could等词连用，意为“辨别、分辨”。如：Can you tell her from her twin sister? 你能分得出她和她的孪生姐妹吗？4forget 的用法forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 如：Dont forget to bring your books. 不要忘记带书来。辨析：forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（事情还没做）forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（事情做了忘记了）如：Dont forget to bring a kite. 不要忘了带风筝。I forget telling him about it. 我忘记告诉过他这件事情了。三、课文讲解1Hello! 喂！Hello, Jane! This is Kangkang. 喂，简！我是康康。（1）电话铃响，当你拿起听筒时，应说hello，并自报机构名称或私人电话号码。如：Hello! 722-0645. 你好！（这是）722-0645.（2）假如接电话的人正是被找的人，可回答：This isspeaking/Speaking. 或This is 如：Hello? 喂？Hello. This is Chen Tianlun. /This is Chen Tianlun speaking. /Speaking. 喂，我是陈天伦。（3）问对方是谁：Whos that? 您是哪位？2Ill call her. 我会给她打电话。call sb. 给某人打电话。如：Please call me tomorrow. 请你明天打电话给我。拓展：（1）call sb. 也可以说call sb. up, 这里call是动词。也可用give sb. a call, 这里call是名词。如：Could you ask her to call me this evening? 相当于Could you ask her to give me a call this evening? 你叫她今天晚上给我回电话好吗？（2）call sb. +名字 称呼某人为 如：We call him Mike. 我们叫他迈克。3Whats up? 什么事？/怎么啦？Whats up? 可用Whats the matter? 来代替。如：Hello. 你好。Hello. This is Linda speaking. Whats up? 你好。我是琳达。怎么啦？当询问对方有什么事情时，常使用这个句子。如：Hi, David! This is Lin Tao speaking. 你好，大卫！我是林涛。Hi, Lin Tao. Whats up? 你好，林涛。什么事？在下面几种情况下也常使用这个句子：（1）询问某人在做什么。如：Whats your brother up? 你弟弟在做什么？Hes watching TV. 他在看电视。（2）询问某人或某物发生了什么事，译为“怎么样了？”或“出什么事了？”相当于Whats wrong?或Whats the matter? 如：I hear a lot of shouting. 我听到了喊叫声。Whats wrong? 出了什么事？ （3）用于非正式场合或朋友间表示问候，相当于How are you? 如：Hi, Lily,